Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Limited weight loss following jejunoileal bypass in 24 diabetic persons who were still distinctly overweight five to ten months after a mean weight decrease of 78 lbs. was accompanied by a return of normal fasting glucose and insulin levels, normal insulin responses, and a decrease in glucose intolerance. The glucose disappearance rate had improved in the majority of the subjects, but only three had attained values in the normal range. Concomitants of the undue hyperglycemia and/or obesity included labile and, rarely, sustained hypertension and/or cardiomegaly. The blood pressure returned to normal but heart size did not change. Electrocardiographic abnormalities noted in about one-half of the patients persisted after the operation. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased. No patients had diabetic retinopathy visible on funduscopy. Proteinuria did not change in three patients. Neuropathy consisting of absent ankle reflexes and/or decreased vibration perception noted in one-half of the subjects persisted despite the improvement in carbohydrate metabolism.
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PMID:Remissions of diabetes mellitus after weight reduction by jejunoileal bypass. 72 40

In order to provide further insights into the conflicting reports of associations between diabetes and uric acid metabolism, we studied 175 adult diabetic patients (56 IDDM, 119 NIDDM) and 114 matched control subjects. Plasma uric acid (PUA) concentrations were not significantly different between diabetic and control subjects, despite increased urinary urate in diabetic patients. There were no significant associations, in diabetic patients, between PUA and (i) type of diabetes, (ii) glycaemic control, (iii) retinopathy and (iv) proteinuria. Plasma urate did not correlate with the KG constant for glucose disposal rate during IVGTT, thus indicating that PUA may not be related to insulin action. In a separate study, PUA rose sharply, peaking at 30 min, and fell subsequently in both newly diagnosed NIDDM patients (n = 20) and subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (n = 15) in response to standard OGTT, in contrast to normal controls (n = 35) in whom PUA rose gradually to a peak at 120 min. Mean rise in PUA from baseline to peak was significant (P less than 0.05) in the diabetic group only. These differences in PUA response during an OGTT between subjects with abnormal glucose metabolism and normal controls may be a feature in the metabolic evolution of diabetes and need further investigation.
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PMID:Plasma urate in diabetes: relationship to glycaemia, glucose disposal, microvascular complications and the variations following oral glucose. 175 87

Young female obese (cp/cp) and lean littermates (?/+) of the recently developed congenic strain, SHR/NIH-corpulent (SHR/N-cp), were fed for 6.5 months isocaloric diets containing 54 percent carbohydrate as either sucrose or starch. Glycemic, lipidemic and renal parameters were determined after 1, 3 and 6 months. Systolic blood pressure and plasma corticosterone levels were determined after 3 months. After 6.5 months rats were killed for histological examination. Obese rats were hyperglycemic following an oral glucose challenge (1 hour response greater than 11.1 mmol/l) (200 mg/dl), hyperinsulinemic, hypertriglyceridemic, and developed proteinuria and mild hypertension. Feeding sucrose, as compared to starch, further increased serum glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels and urinary protein excretion in obese rats and serum triglyceride levels in lean rats. An amelioration of glucose intolerance was observed in sucrose-fed obese rats by 6 months. In contrast to serum insulin levels, serum triglyceride levels increased with age in obese rats. Obese rats exhibited hypertrophy of the kidney and adrenal cortex with abnormal histology. The study demonstrates that obese female SHR/N-cp rats exhibit some of the metabolic and histopathological changes associated with NIDDM in humans and that feeding sucrose, as the source of dietary carbohydrate, further magnifies the expression of diabetes in this model.
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PMID:Influence of genetic obesity, dietary carbohydrate and age on parameters of glucose tolerance and kidney and adrenal gland histology in female SHR/N-corpulent rats. 217 55

Kidney disease, characterized by proteinuria and glomerular lesions, is a common complication of spontaneous diabetes mellitus in many animal species. It occurs in animals with hypoinsulinemia, hyperinsulinemia, or impaired glucose tolerance. The renal functional and structural abnormalities in spontaneously diabetic animals resemble human diabetic nephropathy in many respects. Mesangial expansion and glomerular basement membrane thickening, two structural hallmarks of diabetic glomerulopathy in humans, are the most frequently encountered lesions in animals. In addition, a nodular form of mesangial expansion that resembles but is not identical with human nodular glomerulosclerosis or the Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion has been observed in some animal models. Other abnormalities, such as exudative hyaline lesions and arteriolar hyalinosis, have also been noted occasionally in other models. Although diabetic animals may develop kidney disease that resembles human diabetic nephropathy, no single animal model develops renal changes identical to those seen in humans. Nonetheless, animal models with spontaneous diabetic kidney disease may be useful for investigating the mechanisms of development of diabetic nephropathy and the effects of various treatment modalities on the progression of renal disease.
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PMID:Animal models of spontaneous diabetic kidney disease. 219 83

We report a case showing typical diabetic nodular glomerulosclerosis without retinopathy or other apparent clinical findings of DM except for impaired glucose tolerance. The 57-year-old man had a family history but no personal history of DM. In an extensive examination for DM, the results of funduscopy, daily profile of serum glucose and hemoglobin Alc were entirely within normal limits. However, the oral glucose tolerance test was abnormal. A renal biopsy showed typical nodular lesions (Kimmelstiel-Wilson's lesions). Previously, the interesting feature of transient proteinuria had been recognized. Although hypocellular nodular lesions by light microscopy are characteristic of diabetic nephropathy, renal amyloidosis, carbon disulfide intoxication, multiple myeloma and light chain disease, we concluded that the present lesions had resulted from diabetic nephropathy based on the family history, patient history, impaired glucose tolerance, immunofluorescent findings and electron microscopic observations.
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PMID:Nodular glomerulosclerosis in a patient showing impaired glucose tolerance. 225 Apr 5

The incidence of arterial hypertension and some clinical and biochemical parameters were followed in relation to hypertension in a group of 156 hospitalized Type-II diabetics. A significant correlation was demonstrated between the values of systolic blood pressure and cholesterol levels (r = 0.30, p less than 0.001), between systolic blood pressure and diabetes duration, and between systolic blood pressure and triglyceride levels in all our patients. Similarly, a significant correlation was found between diastolic blood pressure and the levels of cholesterol (r = 0.27, p less than 0.001), triglycerides and urea. Hypertension was diagnosed in 65% of the group of hospitalized diabetics. Hypertensive diabetics showed a significantly higher proportion of women and a higher mean cholesterol level (6.1 +/- 2.2 mmol/l) compared with the group of diabetics free of hypertension (4.8 +/- 1.4 mmol/l), with the same mean age, diabetes duration and weight. Of the complications of diabetes, the hypertensive group, compared with the control group, were found to have only a significantly higher incidence of cerebrovascular events (31% vs 6%, respectively). The incidence of myocardial infarction and proteinuria were only insignificantly higher in the hypertensive group. We can conclude, on the basis of our results, that the risk factors of atherosclerosis (hypertension, cholesterol, triglycerides) accumulate in the group of Type-II diabetics. This is apparently due to hyperinsulinaemia often present in Type-II diabetics with impaired glucose tolerance. Another factor possibly contributing to the increased incidence of hypertension is the increase in blood viscosity in hyperlipoproteinaemia.
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PMID:Accumulation of the risk factors of atherosclerosis in type-II diabetics with hypertension. 235 Sep 93

Hypertension increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality two to four-fold. The chief hazards are now atherosclerosis and coronary disease. The risk is proportional to the degree of systolic or diastolic blood pressure elevation at any age, in either sex. More than the character of the blood pressure elevation, commonly associated risk factors markedly influence the hazard. The risk of coronary heart disease is concentrated in hypertensives with a high total/high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio, impaired glucose tolerance, high fibrinogen, those with ECG abnormalities and cigarette smokers. Evidence of organ involvement such as left ventricular hypertrophy, proteinuria or impaired left ventricular function are hallmarks of impending cardiovascular sequelae. The presence of ECG-LVH behaves like myocardial infarction in its clinical course, predisposing at the same rate to sudden death, myocardial infarction, cardiac failure and stroke. Consideration of all cardiovascular risk factors is required to evaluate properly the need for treatment, select the best treatment, and set goals and determine the efficacy of treatment. Waiting until there is evidence of organ involvement is dangerous since the first such evidence is often sudden death, a stroke or a myocardial infarction. Optimal treatment must improve the composite risk profile as well as lower the blood pressure. This can be achieved by hygienic (dietary) measures or pharmacological therapy in those who do not respond to diet alteration, weight control and exercise.
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PMID:An integrated view of hypertension. 260 26

The long-term antihypertensive response to captopril (25-50 mg/day) and 75g oral glucose tolerance (75g oGTT) following a 6-10 month period of captopril administration was evaluated in 20 patients with essential hypertension without persistent proteinuria. Eleven of these 20 patients exhibited impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), while the remaining nine patients had normal glucose tolerance (NGT). All patients tolerated long-term captopril therapy with no untoward effects. Six months' administration of captopril significantly decreased blood pressure in patients with NGT from 171 +/- 12/105 +/- 5 mm Hg (mean +/- SE) to 146 +/- 7/88 +/- 4 mm Hg. Also in patients with IGT, long-term captopril therapy decreased blood pressure from 165 +/- 3/97 +/- 2 to 143 +/- 5/86 +/- 2 mm Hg. No patient with NGT developed diabetes mellitus. Neither fasting nor post-glucose-load venous blood glucose deteriorated in any of the patients during the therapy. There were no significant changes in the insulinogenic index (delta IRI/delta BG at 30 minutes after glucose load) in both the patients with NGT and IGT. In patients with IGT, the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1 and Hb A1c slightly but significantly decreased from 8.1 +/- 0.3 to 7.7 +/- 0.4% (P less than 0.05) and from 5.9 +/- 0.3 to 5.5 +/- 0.3% (P less than 0.01) after 6.2 +/- 1.4 months' captopril therapy. These results suggest that in addition to its antihypertensive effects, long-term captopril therapy does not compromise glucose metabolism in hypertensive patients.
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PMID:Long-term captopril therapy with no effect on glucose metabolism in patients with essential hypertension. 304 27

In four adults with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and azotemia, percutaneous renal biopsy showed diabetic glomerulosclerosis, yet none had oral glucose tolerance tests diagnostic of diabetes mellitus or funduscopic evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Possible concomitant glomerular disease that may have produced proteinuria was excluded. Well documented cases of diabetic glomerulosclerosis without concurrent glucose intolerance are uncommon, and almost 30% of such patients have a past history of diabetes. Despite the absence of overt diabetes at onset of diabetic glomerulosclerosis, these patients warrant careful monitoring of plasma glucose levels and strict control of systemic hypertension.
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PMID:Diabetic glomerulosclerosis without concurrent diabetes mellitus. 305 23

In a study sample of 229 second-generation Japanese-American (Nisei) men, 79 with normal glucose tolerance, 72 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 78 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes, we have determined prevalence rates for certain conditions (ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) associated with diabetes. All subjects participated in a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria and information from the subject's medical history and personal physician were used to classify the subjects. Retinopathy was observed only in diabetic men in the study sample (11.5% of diabetic men). Furthermore, it was observed only in men who were receiving drug treatment for diabetes--40.0% of insulin-treated and 17.2% of sulfonylurea-treated men. Electrophysiologic evidence of peripheral neuropathy was observed in 46.2% of diabetic men and in 4.0% of nondiabetic (normal and IGT) men. For diabetic men with fasting serum glucose greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl, 63.8% had peripheral neuropathy and 19.1% had retinopathy, whereas for diabetic men with fasting serum glucose less than 140 mg/dl, 19.4% had neuropathy and none had retinopathy. For diabetic men with a diabetes duration of greater than or equal to 10 yr, 72.7% had neuropathy and 31.8% had retinopathy; with a diabetes duration of 5-9 yr, 70.6% had neuropathy and 11.8% had retinopathy; and with a diabetes duration of less than 5 yr, 20.5% had neuropathy and none had retinopathy. Nephropathy was distinctly uncommon, and among the measurements of kidney function, only proteinuria was clearly abnormal with diabetes. Prevalence rates of hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, and ischemic heart disease were highest in Nisei men with diabetes, lowest in men with normal glucose tolerance, and intermediate in men with IGT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prevalence of complications among second-generation Japanese-American men with diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or normal glucose tolerance. 356 72


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