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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rats injected intraperitoneally with 1 g of bovine serum albumin (BSA) daily for 5 days develop heavy proteinuria and there is swelling and loss of the foot processes of the glomerular epithelial cells. Initially the urinary protein consists of about 55 per cent. BSA and about 40 per cent. rat serum albumin. Proteinuria persists when the injections of BSA are stopped. BSA disappears from the urine and 80-90 per cent. of the urinary protein is rat serum albumin. The persisting proteinuria is caused by glomerular damage resulting from disruption and necrosis of the glomerular epithelial cells leading to complete sclerosis of glomeruli. This damage does not appear to be immunologically determined.
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PMID:Irreversible glomerular damage following heterologous serum albumin overload. 91 3

Participation of blood born cells in rat Masugi nephritis was investigated with ultrastructural demonstration of peroxidase, in addition to conventional light and electron microscopies. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes appear immediately and transiently after injection of nephrotoxic serum. Hypercellularity in the early stage of the disease is consisted mainly of monocyte-macrophage. Proteinuria and infiltration of few monocytes are persistent through the course up to 124 days and focal sclerosis with hyaline material appears in the later stage.
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PMID:Participation of blood born cells in rat Masugi nephritis. 98 5

1. The blood pressures of pregnant patients with proteinuria seem to be no higher than the levels of blood pressure in patients with no proteinuria. The presence of proteinuria and pregnancy in the absence of blood pressure elevation increases perinatal mortality above the values where blood pressure elevation occurs alone. This relationship is most prominent among nulliparous median-age pregnant patients. Even though the number of patients is small, the highest rates occur in the young white nullipara from the sixteenth to twenty-third week of pregnancy. Attempts to compare black and white median-aged nulliparas are meaningless because of the tremendous variability of data. 2. The findings in all cohorts with proteinuria were essentially the same as those in Cohorts I, II and III. Proteinuria of 2+ or greater occurs more frequently in black than in white gravidas. 3. Our observations indicate that perinatal mortality rates in patients with proteinuria are, for the most part, at least twice the rates of patients without proteinuria. 4. The volume of data available is insufficient to determine whether proteinuria influences prematurity rates or mean birth weights. However, our data suggest that some vascular or renal lesion must be affecting perinatal mortality. 5. The small number of patients in the proteinuria study group does not permit meaningful comparisons with the patient group presenting no edema or proteinuria. 6. Adherence to suitable criteria for discovering and measuring proteinuria is necessary to make the diagnosis of preeclampsia. These criteria include careful collection of urine in the clinic or hospital, utilization of acceptable standard testing methods, and the application of uniform principles of medical practice to the overall care of obstetric patients. 7. The data are presented, not interpreted. However, we cannot discount the value of the present data in suggesting the urgent need to restudy more of the current data available. It also seems desirable to initiate another program to investigate a smaller group of patients made up of the same sequential cohorts where it may be possible and more practical to apply strict supervision of statistical design, patient care, personnel, laboratory testing, data recording, data processing and reporting and statistical analysis.
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PMID:Blood pressure, edema and proteinuria in pregnancy. 6. Proteinuria relationships. 103 Jul 91

Forty-two of 369 athletes were found to have a positive Occultest on the first urine sample voided following athletic competition. This positive reaction could be due to the presence of either myoglobin or haemoglobin. The Occultest was most often positive in competitors in the longer duration events such as the marathon. Twenty-six of these 42 specimens with a positive Occultest contained over 10 red cells per mm3. The urine samples were also examined for white cells, casts, bacteriuria and the concentration of urea, creatinine, electrolytes and protein. Proteinuria was a frequent finding and increased with the severity of the exertion.
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PMID:What the urine contains following athletic competition. 106 52

A review of 869 cases of multiple myeloma seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1960 through 1971 revealed that 98% of patients were 40 years of age or older and that 61% of them were males. Inital findings were bone pain in 68% of patients, anemia in 62%, renal insufficiency in 55%, hypercalcemia in 30%, a palpable liver in 21%, and a palpable spleen in 5%. Proteinuria was noted in 88% and Bence Jones proteinuria was identified in 49%. Skeletal roentgenographic abnormalities were seen in 79%. Serum protein electrophoresis showed a spike in 76%, hypogammaglobulinemia in 9%, and minor or no abnormalities in 15%, and a globulin spike was seen 75% of the urinary electrophoretic patterns. Immunoelectrophoresis of the serum revealed a monoclonal heavy chain in 83% and a monoclonal light chain in the serum, in 8% (Bence Jones proteinemia). Three patients had no monoclonal protein in the serum or the urine ("nonsecretory"). Amyloidosis was found in 7% of the patients. Follow-up information was obtained in 99.7% ; 82% of the 869 patients have died. Infection and renal insufficiency were the most common specific causes of death. The median survival was 20 months; 66% of the patients were alive at 1 year and 18% at 5 years.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma: review of 869 cases. 1252 72

Plasma prolactin levels were measured in 68 pregnant women with hypertension at 32 weeks gestation. They were raised in pregnancies with pre-eclamptic features, most significantly in women with a rising plasma urate level. No correlation was found between the level of the untreated blood pressure and prolactin. Proteinuria did not influence prolactin levels independently of changes in the plasma urate. The differences in prolactin levels could not be ascribed to the drugs administered.
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PMID:Prolactin in hypertensive pregnancy. 111 91

To assess their potential value as early indicators of gentamicin-induced kidney damage, lysosomal hydrolases were measured in the 24-h urines of rats receiving 30 or 60 mg of gentamicin per kg per day for 15 days. Proteinuria, urine osmolality, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine clearance were also measured. Kidney tissue was examined by both light and electron microscopy. Beta-galactosidase, beta-n-acetyl-hexosaminidase, and alpha-fucosidase were sensitive indicators and were significantly elevated above control values by day 3 at both doses (P < 0.01). Proteinuria, urine osmolality, and tests reflecting glomerular filtration rate were later indicators of nephron damage. Changes by light microscopy were detected on day 5. Necrosis was most prominent in the proximal convoluted tubules on day 10. Electron microscopy revealed numerous cytosomes with myeloid bodies within the proximal tubular epithelium on day 5. Lysosomal enzymuria appears to be an early manifestation of gentamicin nephrotoxicity and may possibly be related to the lysosomal abnormalities seen on electron microscopy.
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PMID:Enzymuria in gentamicin-induced kidney damage. 113 89

Nephrosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats in two separate studies by injections of aminonucleoside with sacrifice of animals on days 20 and 54, respectively. Experimental animals in both studies showed the typical findings of nephrosis, i.e., hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and proteinuria. Biochemical findings included hypozincemia and hyperzincuria. A significant correlation between hypozincemia and hypoalbuminemia was noted in the short-term study. Proteinuria occurred on the 10th day in the short-term study and the 15th day in the long-term study and increased quantitatively over the remaining days. The hyperzincuria and proteinuria correlated significantly in the long-term study. Measurements of tissue zinc revealed no change in testes and kidney in the short-term study. Kidney and muscle zinc were increased, testicular zinc was unchanged and femur zinc was decreased in the long-term study. Our conclusions are that in the aminonucleoside induced nephrosis of the rat: 1) hypozincemia occurs probably as a result of hypoalbuminemia, 2) the hyperzincuria is likely due to proteinuria and 3) zinc deficiency is not observed in nephrotic rats who receive ample zinc in their diet and who are observed up to 6 weeks.
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PMID:Zinc metabolism in aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis. 114 20

From 1960 through 1972, 236 cases of amyloidosis with histologic proof were found. The amyloidosis was primary (without evidence of preceding or coexisting disease) in 132 cases (group 1) and associated with multiple myeloma in 61 (group 2). Secondary amyloidosis appeared in 19 cases (associated with rheumatoid arthritis or osteomyelitis in two-thirds of them). There were 22 patients with amyloid localized to a single organ (bladder, lung, skin, or larynx in more than half of them). Two patients had familial amyloidosis. In group 1 and group 2, the most common presenting symptoms were fatigue, weight loss, edema, dyspnea, light-headedness or syncope, and paresthesias. Symptoms of the carpal-tunnel syndrome were frequent. The liver was palpable in almost 50% of the series, but splenomegaly was an initial finding in less than 10%. Macroglossia was recorded in 26% of group 2 and in 12% of group 1. Enlargement of submandibular structures was noted in about 10% of cases; and purpura, particularly around the eyes, was a significant feature. Substantial numbers of the patients had carpal-tunnel syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, congestive heart failure, sprue, peripheral neuropathy, or orthostatic hypotension. Approximately 50% of patients had renal insufficiency at the time of diagnosis. Proteinuria was found in more than 90%. A monoclonal protein was found in the serum of 49% of group 1 and in 74% of group 2. Monoclonal proteins were found in the urine of 35% and 81%, respectively. Only 12% of patients in group 1 had no monoclonal protein when both serum and urine were analyzed, and all patients of group 2 had a monoclonal protein in the serum or urine when both were analyzed. Lambda light chains were more common than kappa. None of the patients in group 1 had more than 15% plasma cells in the marrow, whereas more than half of group 2 had more than 15% plasma cells. Roentgenograms showed no evidence of skeletal disease in 94% of group 1, but 50% of group 2 had skeletal abnormalities. Rectal biopsy was positive for amyloid in 84% of cases. Kidney, liver, and carpal-tunnel biopsies were positive in 90% or more. Follow-up of all 193 patients in groups 1 and 2 revealed that 80% of group 1 and 97% of group 2 had died. The median survival was 14.7 months in group 1 and 4 months in group 2. Cardiac failure was the most common cause of death, accounting for 30% of the fatalities. We also reclassified all cases by the method of Isobe and Osserman (105), which is based on clinical patterns: pattern I--principal involvement of tongue, heart, gastrointestinal tract, muscle, nerves, skin, and carpal ligaments; pattern II--principal involvement of liver, spleen, kidneys, and adrenals; and mixed pattern I and II. This analysis failed to reveal predictive value in the clinical pattern classification, and did not discern the survival differences between primary amyloidosis (group 1) and amyloidosis with myeloma (group 2). Consequently, for the present we prefer the classification used in this study.
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PMID:Amyloidosis: review of 236 cases. 115 71

The appearance of an acute renal insufficiency in the rabbit, after glycerol injection (10, 13 or 15 ml/kg of a 50% solution) is investigated. After a 24 hours of intoxication, especially in the ten following days, cylinders, erythrocytes and renal cells appear in the urine sediment. Proteinuria appears after 24 hours and practically disappears after 72 h. Glucosuria persists from 24 hours to 6 days. Haemoglobinuria is intense after 24 and 48 hours and persists slightly about 6 days. Na, K and Cl elimination in urine diminishes clearly in all animals. Plasma K increases in non-surviving animals and does not change in those surviving. Plasma Na does not change in the dying ones, and decreases in those surviving. In non-surviving animals, pH, pCO2 and CO3H minus decrease sharply. In the surviving ones pCO2 decreases clearly after 24 hours, increasing afterwards slowly to normal values. pH increases, slightly during the first 48 hours, and then neatly during approximately 6 days. Standard CO2H minus does not change during the first 48 hours, increasing afterwards during 6 to 7 days. Histologically, the chief lesion is a vacuolar degeneration of the proximal tubule. The possible mechanisms of such alterations are discussed.
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PMID:Acute renal insufficiency in the rabbit by glycerol. 116 59


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