Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Splenectomised calves in metabolism cages were infected with Babesia bovis. During the infection, urine samples were collected and analysed for electrolytes, proteins, kinin, and urinary kallikrein. During the later stages of the infection there were significant reductions in urinary volume, water intake, urinary kinin, kallikrein, and electrolytes. Proteinuria was detected from 3--8 days postinfection of which 15--20% was haemoglobin and most of the remainder was albumin (70--75%). Fibrin degradation products, fibrinogen-like products, and haptoglobin were not detected. Degeneration of cortical tubules was detected by histological studies. As these tubules produce urinary kallikrein it seems probable that diminished glomerular blood flow and hence glomerular filtration rate are due to decreased production of this enzyme.
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PMID:Acute Babesia bovis infections: renal involvement in the hypotensive syndrome. 49 8

There is much individual variation in the response of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to penicillamine, some patients deriving benefit from very small doses. A dose of 750 mg daily is widely regarded as standard, and, while their RA commonly responds, many patients discontinue treatment because of adverse reactions to penicillamine. A more flexible prescribing policy might be more successful in the long term and was tested in 1 group of 20 patients, another receiving a 'standard' regimen, each beginning treatment at a low dose level. Of those who were given increases of dose only if response was poor 17 completed 1 year of treatment on an average maintenance dose of 308 mg daily, but only 11 of the other group on an average dose 613 mg daily. Proteinuria, which was found only in the latter group accounted for 6 withdrawals, all at doses of 625 mg daily or above. The reduction in rheumatoid activity appeared to be of about the same degree among the members of both groups who completed 12 months of treatment. Penicillamine should be given initially in a low dose and this should be raised only if there is lack of response after at least 4 weeks.
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PMID:Maintenance dose of penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison between a standard and a response-related flexible regimen. 51 42

The frequencies of retinopathy, proteinuria, hypertension, and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities in 2025 diabetic subjects new to our clinic in Tokyo were analyzed in relation to status at initial visit with respect to age, estimated duration of diabetes, and fasting blood glucose. Frequency and severity of retinopathy increased markedly with duration of diabetes. A relationship was found between retinopathy at first visit and level of blood glucose at that time. Proteinuria also clearly increased with duration; its frequency was generally higher in older age groups. Frequency of hypertension increased with age up to 60 yr, but there was no association between prevalence of hypertension and duration of diabetes. ECG abnormalities also increased with age, although serious abnormalities were rare even in older subjects. Hypertension and ECG abnormalities were not more common in those with higher initial blood glucose values, and the frequencies of these aberrations did not increase with the duration of diabetes. ECG abnormalities were more common among hypertensives, especially in younger age groups. Despite the clear effect of degree and duration of hyperglycemia on microvascular complications, there was no evidence of a direct effect of hyperglycemia on macrovascular abnormalities in this study.
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PMID:Prevalence of major vascular complications at the initial visit among Japanese diabetic patients. 52 Jan 21

A series of 106 cases of polycystic kidneys in adults is presented. The main clinical, exploratory and therapeutic data are analyzed. The average age of the patients at the time of the first clinical manifestation was 35 years; average age at the time of diagnosis was 43 years. The most common forms of presentation included renal colics, blood hypertension, noncolic lumbar pain, macroscopic hematuria, and polydipsia-polyuria. The most frequent symptoms were: abdominal pain of any type (73 patients), polydipsia-polyuria (66 patients), blood hypertension (61 patients), macroscopic hematuria (47 cases), episodes of urinary infection (41 cases), and passing of calculi (22 cases). Seventy-eight subjects had arterial high blood pressure; it was easily controlled in all except 14 cases. Proteinuria was slight in all except two cases. Values for hematocrit and hemoglobin remained high in relation to the degree of renal insufficiency. The mean value of hematocrit in patients with creatinine clearance below 10 ml/min was 30 percent. Renal function decreased gradually, from normal to a clearance of less than 10 ml/min over a period of 12 years on the average. Diagnosis was based mainly on abdominal physical examination and intravenous urography; 89 patients had palpable abdominal masses. Urography revealed typical images of polycystic kidney in every case. The following associated conditions were also discovered: liver cysts (17 cases among 57 liver scanning; bilateral ovarian cysts in one case; Cacci-Ricci's disease in one case; and cerebral arterial aneurysms in another patient. Treatment was conservative with the aim to control arterial blood pressure and urinary infection. Twenty-nine patients required saline replacement; peritoneal dialysis was practiced in two cases and permanent hemodialysis was prescribed for 15 individuals.
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PMID:[Polycystic kidneys in adults. A clinical study of 106 cases (author's transl)]. 52 27

Using the Raji cell radioimmune assay, we found low levels of circulating immune complexes (IC) in a small percentage of patients with schistosomiasis and filariasis. C3d levels, measured by immunoprecipitation, were elevated in a large number of these patients, whereas complement levels were within normal limits. Proteinuria was not found in any of the 55 patients studied. Circulating IC or elevated C3d levels were not found in any of the 19 patients with hydatidosis. The increased C3d levels, apparently not related to circulating IC, may be due to direct complement activation by parasite antigens or to sequestered IC. The latter hypothesis appears more attractive because the highest levels of C3d were found in schistosomiasis whereas schistosome antigens were unable to activate complement in vitro.
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PMID:Circulating immune complexes and C3d in human parasitosis. 57 77

Seventeen rabbits were given a single, large dose of bovine serum albumin (BSA) intravenously. Percutaneous kidney biopsy was carried out on the 14th and 31st days after BSA administration. Proteinuria was measured and the glomerular changes were analysed in order to find a correlation between the degree of proteinuria and glomerular alterations, i.e. number of electron-dense deposits (EDD), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), and mononuclear marcophages (MNM). The results speak in favour of the decisive role of mononuclear macrophages in enhancement of glomerular permeability.
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PMID:Experimental studies on factors causing acute serum sickness glomerulonephritis of immune complex origin. II. Pathomorphological analysis. 60 22

Proteinuria and the nephrotic syndrome are well known to occur as complications of penicillamine therapy, but reports of penicillamine-induced pemphigus have been relatively few. This is the report of a case in which both complications occurred simultaneously.
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PMID:Penicillamine pemphigus and the nephrotic syndrome occurring simultaneously. 62 9

Voided urines of 53,000 white and 9,3000 black cigarette smokers and nonsmokers were studied. Proteinuria was found to be commoner in smokers of both races and sexes. Heavy smokers showed proteinuria more frequently than light smokers. Of eight possible explanatory variables, one, alcohol consumption history, showed some interrelationship in that the smoking status-proteinuria association disappeared among heavy drinkers. Stopping smoking was not associated with a relative decline in proteinuria prevalence. Proteinuria associated with smoking did not appear to be indicative of more serious renal disease. There was a smoker-nonsmoker difference in urine glucose response to oral glucose challenge, apparently explained by higher average 1-hour serum glucose values for smokers, of unknown mechanism but partially explained by differences in alcohol usage. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and high urine acidity tended to be more prevalent in smokers, though these relationships were not consistently significant.
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PMID:Cigarette smoking habits and urine characteristics: urinalysis abnormalities are more common is smokers, but the reasons are unclear. 62 98

To examine CDDP induced nephrotoxicity in patients with testicular carcinoma, we measured renal function prior to therapy and at six month intervals for twelve months in fifteen patients and twenty-four months in seven patients. CDDP was given iv at 20 mg/M2 per day for five days at three week intervals. Eight patients received three courses, four received four courses and three received more than four courses. The mean creatinine clearance +/- SD prior to treatment was 112 +/- 12 ml/min. By six months, it had decreased to 68.5 +/- ml/min (p less than 0.01) and it remained at that level. Plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen increased significantly. Subjects receiving other potential nephrotoxins in addition to CDDP developed a greater decrease in creatinine clearance (p less than 0.05). Proteinuria and functional tubular disturbances were not observed. Microscopic features were characterized by hydropic degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium, thickened tubular basement membranes and mild interstitial fibrosis. Electron microscopy revealed phagolysosomes filled with flocculent material. CDDP resulted in a permanant, nonspecific renal injury in our patients. Although the renal injury has remained subclinical, future courses of CDDP may lead to clinically important chronic renal failure.
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PMID:Long term effect of cis-diamminedichloride platinum (CDDP) on renal function and structure in man. 63 91

The clinical course of diabetic nephropathy was evaluated in 150 patients and the effect of hemodialysis in 68 of them. Proteinuria was the first sign of renal disease. Once renal dysfunction becomes evident, there is a rapid deterioration leading to dialysis within 3.0 +/- 0.2 years. Hypertension and circulatory congestion are common complications. The hypertension is probably volume dependent. Retinopathy was not invariably present at the onset of renal insufficiency but appeared with progression of renal failure. The course during hemodialysis was complicated by continued progression of diabetic vascular disease manifested by vascular access difficulties, worsening of retinopathy and blindness, and cardio- and cerebrovascular deaths. Mortality was higher than in nondiabetic dialysis patients.
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PMID:Diabetic nephropathy: clinical course and effect of hemodialysis. 64 44


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