Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 14 patients with fixed and reproducible postural proteinuria and 14 patients with histologically proven glomerulonephritis, the selectivity of proteinuria was measured separately in the day and night urine collections. The selectivity of proteinuria in the urine collected in recumbency was lower in patients with glomerulonephritis than in patients with postural proteinuria. All patients with postural proteinuria showed an increment of the selectivity from day to night of at least 13 degrees, whereas the maximum increment in patients with glomerulonephritis was 5 degrees. The changes in selectivity from day to night in patients with postural proteinuria and patients with glomerulonephritis were significantly different and seem to be a useful discriminatory test.
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PMID:Selectivity as a clue to diagnosis of postural proteinuria. 8

Acidic hydrolases were assayed in urines of 19 normal children, 33 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood (INS), 21 children with glomerulonephritides (GN) and 7 children with persistent proteinuria/hematuria, and in plasma of 10 children each with INS or GN. Both plasma and urinary acidic hydrolases were studied in intermittent orthostatic proteinuria. Cbeta-galactosidase and Cbeta-N-hexosaminidase were done in normals and children with active renal disease. Significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated urinary acidic hydrolases excretion in active renal diseases, both in INS and GN, returned to a normal range with regression of the diseases. Increased postural proteinuria was associated with normal urinary acidic hydrolases. Both beta-galactosidase and beta-N-hexosaminidase excretion was higher than similar mol wt proteins in normals and increased further in active renal diseases. The data suggests that increased urinary acidic hydrolases is related to the activity of the renal disease, and not to urinary WBC, hematuria or proteinuria. The likely source of urinary acidic hydrolases thus appears to be the injured renal parenchyma itself.
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PMID:Urinary acidic hydrolases in renal diseases in children. 10 80

The incidence of asymptomatic proteinuria in young healthy men entering the army service in Singapore was 0.94%; 0.56% had intermittent orthostatic proteinuria and 0.38% with persistent proteinuria. Renal biopsies from 45 cases with persistent proteinuria and 10 cases with orthostatic proteinuria were studied by light microscopy, electron microscopic and immunofluorescent antibody techniques. Three cases with orthostatic proteinuria showed a minimal lesion ('Nil'), and 7 a minimal lesion with increased centrilobular mesangial matrix and mild focal and segmental mesangial hypercellularity. Focal and segmental capillary loop changes were seen in two cases. No immunoglobulin deposits were found in orthostatic proteinuria. A raised anti-streptolysin O titer was found in 3 cases. 13.3% of cases with persistent proteinuria showed a minimal lesion ('Nil'); 66.6% a minimal lesion with increased centrilobular mesangial matrix and mild focal and segmental mesangial hypercellularity: Focal global sclerosis, focal segmental sclerosing glomerulonephritis and diffuse proliferative GN (mesangial hypercellularity) were each found in 6.7% of patients in this group. Focal and segmental changes in capillary loops were found in 30% of cases. Changes in visceral epithelium such as the appearance of cytoplasmic swelling, vesicles and dense aggregates, and areas of focal foot process fusion were common findings. Mesangial deposits of IgA were found in 34.3%, with an IgA-IgG-beta1C globulin combination in 28.6% of cases. IgM-beta1C globulin was present in 5.7% of cases with persistent proteinuria. Early complement components, C1q and C4, and IgA secretory piece were absent. A raised antistreptolysin O titer was found in 25% of cases. The changes inthe glomeruli may represent the end or healing stages of an early bout of glomerulonephritis. Changed hemodynamic responses on assuming an upright position may play a role in the loss of protein across the glomerular basement membrane in patients with orthostatic proteinuria.
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PMID:Glomerular lesions in patients with asymptomatic persistent andorthostatic proteinuria discovered on routine medical examination. 31 47

Qualitative analysis of urinary proteins is contrasted with histological findings of 45 renal biopsies performed in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Compared to electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and immunoelectrophoresis, a method using polyacrylamide gel after sodium dodecylsulfate treatment makes for more refined and objective differentiation of protein abnormalities. On the whole, proteinuria of the selective glomerular or physiological type predominates in the event of minimal change or membranous lesions. The non-selective type is found more frequently with diffuse proliferative or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (p less than 0.025). There are, however, too many exceptions to this rule to allow certainty, and a precise diagnosis of the particular type of glomerulonephritis is thus only possible histologically. Each type of histological involvement may cause almost any of the qualitative abnormalities of proteinuria. On the other hand, qualitative analysis of urinary proteins is useful for the detection of glomerulonephritis. A glomerular type of proteinuria may sometimes reveal involvement of kidneys at a time when, quantitatively, there is no proteinuria. In cases of orthostatic proteinuria a persistent glomerular type of tracing in recumbency suggests an organic kidney ailment. All patients in this series had a glomerular type of proteinuria when excretion was pathological, thus allowing a distinction from pure tubular involvement. 10 patients of the group, however, although they clearly had glomerular lesions (3 were diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis) showed perfectly normal proteinuria both quantitatively and qualitatively. This was the case in systemic lupus erythematosus where kidney biopsy was performed without clinical suspicion of renal involvement. In summary, qualitative abnormalities of proteinuria call attention to underlying glomerulonephritis, although no distinction can be made between the various forms and there may be no detectable abnormality even in the event of major kidney involvement.
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PMID:[Value and limits of urinary protein electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate in the evaluation of glomerular nephropathies]. 45 9

Changes in urinary protein excretion induced by standing or by the application of venous tourniquets to the thighs while the patient is in the supine position were studied in patients with mild proteinuria and compared with the changes that occur in severe proteinuria (greater than 1 mg/min). Protein excretion decreased in the majority of patients. Irrespective of the initial degree of proteinuria. The increased rate of protein excretion that occurred in a minority of patients when standing may represent a phenomenon analogous to orthostatic proteinuria.
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PMID:Modification of mild proteinuria by postural and other mechanisms affecting haemodynamics. 98 14

In order to analyze urinary proteins from patients with various renal diseases, a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with IPG PACK ODS column packed with polyporous glass was used. The reproducibility of standard proteins was good. The results by this method correlated well with those by radioimmunoassay or laser nephelometry, precolumn procedure needed the centrifugation only. The reversed-phase HPLC was superior to the other HPLC methods in the analysis of urinary proteins for its simplicity and high sensitivity. The peaks of both alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) and human serum albumin (HSA) in the chromatogram was regarded as the marker of renal damage. Urinary alpha 1-AGP/HSA ratio was calculated after measuring these two peak areas. As a result, it was significantly higher in the urine from patients with various glomerulonephritis (GN) than in those from healthy children. In the patients with postural proteinuria, it was the same level as that in healthy children. These date suggest that the urinary alpha 1-AGP/HSA ratio would be a beneficial indicator to find out the patients with GN from among children with proteinuria. Furthermore, it seems that this method is suitable for use in routine screening of renal diseases for its simplicity and speed.
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PMID:[Studies of the analysis of urinary proteins from children with renal diseases by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography]. 129 75

We found that patients with orthostatic protein-uria had entrapment of the left renal vein (LRV) by the aorta and superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Of 15 patients studied, ultrasonographic examination showed 13 cases of typical LRV entrapment with prestenotic dilatation, and 2 cases of mild LRV compression between the aorta and SMA. Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography and monitoring of pull-back pressure from LRV to the inferior vena cava (IVC) were performed on 2 patients with 4+ proteinuria. Accumulation of contrast medium was seen with mild back-flow to the collateral veins, and pressure gradients between LRV and IVC were 4 mmHg and 8 mmHg, respectively. Eighty school-children formed a control group and were investigated ultrasonically. Nine showed typical LRV entrapment, among whom 3 had moderate to massive orthostatic proteinuria. The discovery of LRV entrapment in patients with orthostatic proteinuria gives definite evidence of LRV congestion and may be possibly a cause of massive protein secretion from the left kidney.
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PMID:Entrapment of left renal vein in children with orthostatic proteinuria. 186 96

We described transient low or non selective proteinuria after forced lordosis was as a characteristic of orthostatic proteinuria and the decrease in the urinary IgA/IgG ratio after lordosis was useful in confirming the diagnosis of the disease. In this study we examined the urinary excretion of IgG, IgA and IgG4, an anionic immunoglobulin, after forced lordosis in 44 orthostatic proteinuria children (group OA) and 24 chronic glomerulonephritis patient in stable stage (group GN). Urinary IgG4/IgG after lordosis was not significantly different between groups OA and GN. It showed that urinary IgG4/IgG ratio was not so useful in the differential diagnosis of this disease. In group OA, urinary IgA/IgG correlated significantly with serum IgA/IgG (y = 0.35X + 7.0, r = 0.354, p less than 0.05), and urinary IgG4/IgG also correlated significantly with serum IgG4/IgG (y = 1.22x + 0.14, r = 0.813, p less than 0.001). From these results it is suggested that proteinuria after forced lordosis in children with orthostatic proteinuria is composed of a transient low or non selective proteinuria in terms of both size and charge of protein. It seems more likely that the so-called heteroporous theory and sieving function theory explain the mechanism of orthostatic proteinuria.
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PMID:[A study of serum and urinary immunoglobulins after forced lordosis]. 177 Jun 24

Changes in the urinary excretion of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA) before and after forced lordosis were studied in 26 children with orthostatic proteinuria (group OA, where proteinuria disappeared within 120 min after lordosis was referred to as group OAA and where if disappeared after more than 120 min was group OAB) and 9 children with chronic glomerulonephritis in the clinically stable state (group GN). Urinary immunoglobulins were measured by ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). In resting urine, the urinary excretion rates (total protein, IgG, and IgA) and the urinary protein ratio (IgG/protein, IgA/protein, and IgA/IgG) did not significantly differ between groups OA and GN. When forced lordosis was carried out, at maximum protein excretion, the urinary IgA/IgG ratio in groups OAA and OAB were significantly decreased (from 198 + 44% to 17.3 + 12.9% and from 147 + 88% to 18.7 + 16.9%, respectively). The ratio of IgA/IgG in groups OAA and OAB was significantly lower than that in group GN (88.9 + 53.9%, p less than 0.01). The urinary IgA/IgG ratio after lordosis in group OA was similar to the serum IgA/IgG ratio. These findings suggest that transient low or non-selective proteinuria after lordosis is a characteristic of orthostatic proteinuria. Analysis of the urine after forced lordosis, especially using the urinary IgA/IgG ratio at maximum protein excretion, may be an useful examination for differentiating OA from other glomerulonephritides.
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PMID:[A study of urinary immunoglobulin excretion after forced lordosis]. 177 Jun 25

We described a transient low or non-selective proteinuria after forced lordosis as a characteristic of orthostatic proteinuria and the heteroporous theory and sieving function theory which might explain the mechanism of orthostatic proteinuria. The angiogenic action of the renin-angiotensin system played an important part in these theories. Angiotensin II was recognized as the key regulator of renal sodium excretion, because it reduced the urinary Na/K ratio. Since the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the renin-angiotensin system on the mechanism of orthostatic proteinuria, proteins and electrolytes in the urine were examined before and after lordosis in 9 healthy children (Group A) and in 6 children with orthostatic proteinuria (Group B). The urinary ratio of protein/creatinine (P/cre) in Group B was already significantly higher than that in Group A before lordosis and significantly increased after lordosis, while P/cre in group A did not increase after lordosis. The urinary Na/K ratio (Na/K) in Group B was already significantly lower than that in Group A before lordosis, and after forced lordosis, Na/K in Group A decrease with no difference between both groups observed. It is suggested that a significant increase on P/cre after lordosis was obtained only in Group A, whereas in both groups the renal vein may be compressed by forced lordosis and as a result angiotensin II may be stimulated. There might be a difference of the responsibility to angiotensin II in glomerular mesangium contraction between both groups.
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PMID:[A study of urinary immunoglobulins and electrolyte excretion after lordosis]. 180 55


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