Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of chitosan-coated dialdehyde cellulose (Chitosan DAC), a newly developed oral adsorbent of urea and ammonia, were examined in rats with progressive chronic renal failure (CRF) induced by adriamycin. CRF rats induced by repeated injections of adriamycin were fed a diet containing chitosan DAC (5% content) or Kremezin (5% content), an oral charcoal adsorbent (AST-120) under strict paired-feeding for four months. CRF rats that received both a normal diet and Kremezin showed progressive azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, and anemia, and began to die from 9 weeks after feeding started. In contrast, chitosan DAC-treatment showed marked prolongation of the survival period and decreases in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum phosphate. In addition, chitosan DAC-treatment ameliorated anemia in CRF rats, although hyperlipidemia and proteinuria were not improved. Furthermore, fecal weight, fecal water content, fecal nitrogen and fecal sodium were markedly increased, and the apparent protein ratio was decreased in CRF rats fed a diet containing chitosan DAC for 9 weeks. In contrast, none of these effects were observed in CRF rats receiving Kremezin. These observations suggest the further possibility of using oral adsorbent therapy for CRF patients.
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PMID:[Pharmacological properties of chitosan-coated dialdehyde cellulose (chitosan DAC), a newly developed oral adsorbent (II). Effect of chitosan DAC on rats with chronic renal failure induced by adriamycin]. 755 38

A total of 126 (99 males, 27 females) serologically confirmed hospital-treated adult cases of nephropathia epidemica (NE) were studied. The initial diagnosis suggested by the referring physician was correct in only 28%. Some rare clinical manifestations of NE were observed; acute myopericarditis in 3 patients and encephalitis in 1. Pulmonary involvement due to vascular congestion was observed in 16% and liver involvement in 34% of the patients. Thrombocytopenia was present in 75%, leukocytosis in 50% and anemia in 50%. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 2-108 (mean 38) mm/h and C-reactive protein (CRP) 0-126 (mean 52) mg/l. Proteinuria was observed in 94%, hematuria in 58% and pyuria in 28%. Electrolyte abnormalities (hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia) were all common but rarely serious. Serum lipid changes caused by the acute infection and renal failure included very low total and HDL-cholesterol as well as high triglyceride levels. Renal function was transiently impaired in 94% of the patients and 7 needed transient dialysis therapy. All recovered.
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PMID:Nephropathia epidemica in Finland: a retrospective study of 126 cases. 791 Jul 5

A phase II study of the synthetic polyelectrolyte Carbetimer 6500 mg/m2 i.v. daily for five days every 21-day cycle was conducted in patients with metastatic melanoma. No responses were seen in 18 evaluable patients. Two patients had stable disease for five months. Toxicity was generally manageable and included mild hyperphosphatemia, mild proteinuria, fatigue, pain at the injection site, and nausea. Carbetimer is inactive in metastatic melanoma at this dose and schedule.
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PMID:Phase II trial of carbetimer in metastatic melanoma. 826 38

Ponderosa pine needles cause abortion and a poorly described toxicosis when eaten by cattle. In previous trials, the abortifacient compound of pine needles was identified as isocupressic acid. At abortifacient doses, isocupressic acid caused no other toxicosis. However, other pine needle fractions, similar in composition to several commercially available rosin products, caused no abortion but were very toxic. The purpose of this study was to describe the toxicoses of ponderosa pine, compare its toxicity with other rosin and related pine products, and identify the toxin. Four groups of three pregnant beef cows each were treated with either ponderosa pine tips, rosin gum, dehydroabietic acid, or ground alfalfa. The cows treated with pine tips aborted, had retained placentas with endometritis, and developed both renal and neurologic lesions. The cattle treated with rosin gum or dehydroabietic acid did not abort but developed similar signs and lesions of intoxication. Clinical signs of intoxication included anorexia, mild rumen acidosis, dyspnea, paresis progressing to paralysis, and death. Clinical biochemical results, suggestive of renal, hepatic, and muscular disease, included azotemia, hypercreatinemia, hyperphosphatemia, proteinuria, and marked elevations of various serum enzymes. Histologically, all poisoned animals had nephrosis, vacuolation of basal ganglia neuropil with patchy perivascular and myelinic edema, and skeletal myonecrosis. The alfalfa-treated controls were normal. These findings suggest that ponderosa pine needles and tips are both abortifacient and toxic. Because the lesions caused by pine tips, rosin gum, and dehydroabietic acid are similar, toxicosis is most likely due to the diterpene abietane acids, common in all three.
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PMID:The toxic and abortifacient effects of ponderosa pine. 882 3

A six-month-old male Golden Retriever with a three-month history of polyuria and polydipsia was examined. Hematological examinations revealed nonregenerative anemia, azotemia, high serum creatinine level, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperamylasemia, and low level of total serum protein. Urinalysis indicated mild proteinuria, and low specific gravity. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations revealed bilateral small sized kidneys. Histological examination by renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of renal dysplasia. Treatment with a dietary protein restriction, oral adsorbents, and dried aluminum hydroxide gel have been performed in this dog, and then, azotemia, high serum creatinine level, hypercalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia were improved. During 10 months after the initiation of treatments, no significant clinical change except polydipsia and polyuria has been observed.
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PMID:A control of a golden retriever with renal dysplasia. 936 46

Babesia microti-like piroplasms are a recently recognized cause of illness in dogs in northwest Spain. Our objective was to describe the clinical characteristics and investigate the risk factors for azotemia and death among 58 B microti-like infected dogs. Twenty-one of the 58 (36%) dogs were azotemic at the time that the infection was diagnosed. The case fatality rate during the following week was 22%. Dogs with azotemia at the time of diagnosis were 10 times (95% CI, 3.26-28.8) more likely to die during the following week. Azotemia was the main cause of death for B microti-like infected dogs (attributable fraction = 90%). Severe anemia was present in 45 of the 58 (78%) dogs. Azotemic dogs also presented with hyperphosphatemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, proteinuria, and high urine protein: creatinine ratios, suggesting a glomerular component to the disease. Age was the only factor significantly associated with the risk of azotemia (P = .042): on average, a 4-year age increase doubled the risk of an infected dog being azotemic. The only factor significantly associated with mortality was azotemia (P = .001). We concluded that B microti-like infection is associated with a high risk of azotemia and mortality.
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PMID:Azotemia and mortality among Babesia microti-like infected dogs. 1505 62

The findings of diffuse tubular injury with abundant tubular calcium phosphate deposits on renal biopsy are referred to as nephrocalcinosis, a condition typically associated with hypercalcemia. During the period from 2000 to 2004, 31 cases of nephrocalcinosis were identified among the 7349 native renal biopsies processed at Columbia University. Among the 31 patients, 21 presented with acute renal failure (ARF), were normocalcemic, and had a history of recent colonoscopy preceded by bowel cleansing with oral sodium phosphate solution (OSPS) or Visicol. Because the precipitant was OSPS rather than hypercalcemia, these cases are best termed acute phosphate nephropathy. The cohort of 21 patients with APhN was predominantly female (81.0%) and white (81.0%), with a mean age of 64.0 yr. Sixteen of the 21 patients had a history of hypertension, 14 (87.5%) of whom were receiving an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker. The mean baseline serum creatinine was 1.0 mg/dl, available within 4 mo of colonoscopy in 19 (90.5%) patients. Patients presented with ARF and a mean creatinine of 3.9 mg/dl at a median of 1 mo after colonoscopy. In a few patients, ARF was discovered within 3 d of colonoscopy, at which time hyperphosphatemia was documented. Patients had minimal proteinuria, normocalcemia, and bland urinary sediment. At follow-up (mean 16.7 mo), four patients had gone on to require permanent hemodialysis. The remaining 17 patients all have developed chronic renal insufficiency (mean serum creatinine, 2.4 mg/dl). Acute phosphate nephropathy is an underrecognized cause of acute and chronic renal failure. Potential etiologic factors include inadequate hydration (while receiving OSPS), increased patient age, a history of hypertension, and concurrent use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker.
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PMID:Acute phosphate nephropathy following oral sodium phosphate bowel purgative: an underrecognized cause of chronic renal failure. 1619 15

Dietary manipulation, including protein, phosphorus, and sodium restriction, when coupled with the vegetarian nature of the renal diet and ketoacid supplementation can potentially exert a cardiovascular protective effect in chronic renal failure patients by acting on both traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors. Blood pressure control may be favored by the reduction of sodium intake and by the vegetarian nature of the diet, which is very important also for lowering serum cholesterol and improving plasma lipid profile. The low protein and phosphorus intake has a crucial role for reducing proteinuria and preventing and reversing hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism, which are major causes of the vascular calcifications, cardiac damage, and mortality risk of uremic patients. The reduction of nitrogenous waste products and lowering of serum PTH levels may also help ameliorate insulin sensitivity and metabolic control in diabetic patients, as well as increase the responsiveness to erythropoietin therapy, thus allowing greater control of anemia. Protein-restricted diets may have also anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Thus, putting aside the still debatable effects on the progression of renal disease and the more admitted effects on uremic signs and symptoms, it is possible that a proper nutritional treatment early in the course of renal disease may be useful also to reduce the cardiovascular risk in the renal patient. However, conclusive data cannot yet be drawn because quality studies are lacking in this field; future studies should be planned to assess the effect of renal diets on hard outcomes, as cardiovascular events or mortality.
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PMID:Potential benefits of renal diets on cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease patients. 1765 13

Niacin has profound and unique effects on lipid metabolism. In addition to increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, it is also known to decrease total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride. Interestingly, the plasma concentration of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], which has been suggested to play a role as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, is also decreased by niacin. Therefore, it is not surprising that in the literature it was given unique description as broad-spectrum lipid drug. Its impact is referred to as desirable normalization of a range of cardiovascular risk factors. However, its clinical use is limited due to harmless but unpleasant unique side effect of cutaneous flushing. Interestingly, recent experimental and clinical studies suggest the potential benefit of niacin as a treatment of dyslipidemia and high plasma phosphate associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both dyslipidemia and high serum phosphate levels are shown to be associated with higher cardiovascular mortality. Furthermore, niacin administration improves renal tissue lipid metabolism, renal function and structure, hypertension, proteinuria, and histological tubulointerstitial injury. Further studies are required before the use of niacin for the treatment of both dyslipidemia and hyperphosphatemia with CKD advocated.
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PMID:Niacin as potential treatment for dyslipidemia and hyperphosphatemia associated with chronic renal failure: the need for clinical trials. 2048 51

Affected rats of the unilateral urogenital anomalies (UUA) strain show renal agenesis restricted to the left side. To determine whether unilateral renal agenesis is a risk factor for the progression of renal insufficiency, we studied age-related pathophysiological alterations in affected rats. Although body growth and food intake were normal, polydipsia and polyuria with low specific gravity were present at 10 weeks and deteriorated further with age. Blood hemoglobin concentrations were normal, though there was slight erythropenia with increased MCV and MCH. Although hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, azotemia, and hypermagnesemia were manifested after age 20 weeks, neither hyperphosphatemia nor hypocalcemia was observed. Plasma Cre and UN concentrations gradually increased with age. Cre clearance was almost normal, whereas fractional UN excretion was consistently lower than normal. Proteinuria increased with age, and albumin was the major leakage protein. In addition to cortical lesions, dilated tubules, cast formation, and interstitial fibrosis were observed in the renal medulla of 50 week-old affected rats. Renal weight was increased 1.7-fold and glomerular number 1.2-fold compared with normal rats. These findings show that the remaining kidney in UUA rats is involved not only in compensatory reactions but experiences pathophysiological alterations associated with progressive renal insufficiency.
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PMID:Age-related pathophysiological changes in rats with unilateral renal agenesis. 2130 19


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