Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To study the possible role of an "increased thrombotic tendency" in the vascular complications of diabetes several tests of haemostatic function were carried out on 91 men and 63 women with diabetes aged 35-54 years and the results compared with findings in 686 men and 393 women of the same age in the Northwick Park Heart Study. Mean values for factors VII and X, fibrinogen, and platelet adhesiveness were higher in the diabetics, but mean fibrinolytic activity and whole blood platelet counts were lower. Antithrombin III values were also higher in the diabetics, which may have constituted a protective response to other changes favouring the onset of vascular disease. Diabetics with retinopathy had higher factor VII and antithrombin III values, and those with proteinuria had higher values for factor VII, fibrinogen, and platelet adhesiveness than those without these complications. These findings suggest a potentially important association between a thrombogenic tendency and vascular disease in diabetes. Nevertheless, prospective data are needed to clarify whether the haemostatic abnormalities precede the onset of clinically manifest vascular complications or are a consequence of them.
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PMID:Haemostatic variables associated with diabetes and its complications. 50 77

The clinical course of diabetic nephropathy was evaluated in 150 patients and the effect of hemodialysis in 68 of them. Proteinuria was the first sign of renal disease. Once renal dysfunction becomes evident, there is a rapid deterioration leading to dialysis within 3.0 +/- 0.2 years. Hypertension and circulatory congestion are common complications. The hypertension is probably volume dependent. Retinopathy was not invariably present at the onset of renal insufficiency but appeared with progression of renal failure. The course during hemodialysis was complicated by continued progression of diabetic vascular disease manifested by vascular access difficulties, worsening of retinopathy and blindness, and cardio- and cerebrovascular deaths. Mortality was higher than in nondiabetic dialysis patients.
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PMID:Diabetic nephropathy: clinical course and effect of hemodialysis. 64 44

Hematuria is the presence of more than 5 RBC's in repeated urinary sediments. Erythrocyturia may be present as an isolated finding or it may be associated to other clinical findings that may lead to the etiology of the hematuria. Its origin may be renal or extrarenal. In the neonate, meatal or urethral bleeding, polycystic kidney or hydronephrosis must be considered. In the infant, hematuria may be due to vascular disease, renal vein thrombosis, as well as to urinary tract infection, urinary tract obstruction or acute tubular interstitial nephritis due to drug ingestion. Primary and secondary glomerulopathies, urinary tract infection and urolithiasis are the most frequent causes of hematuria in pre-school or school-age children. The diagnostic approach emphasizes the importance of the clinical history, familial background and the circumstances of presentation. RBC casts and proteinuria may suggest the presence of a glomerulopathy. Leukocyturia is more frequent in urinary tract infections and requires urine cultures and intravenous pyelogram. In cases of isolated hematuria, blood clotting test, P. T., P.T.T., platelet count and RBC's morphology may be required to rule out hematological disorders. The intravenous pyelogram, voiding cystogram, and occasionally cystoscopy will help to rule out urological abnormalities. If the previous results were negative, the renal biopsy will help to distinguish IgA mesangiopathy, Alport's syndrome or essential hematuria; this last diagnosis resulting by exclusion.
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PMID:[Diagnostic significance of hematuria in pediatrics]. 75 4

From two groups of diabetics, i.e. an "invesitgation-group" of 40 cases and a "comparison-group" of 55 cases, the following characteristics of a state preliminary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy are resulting: early commencing of angiopathy by means of proteinuria (nephropathy), progression of retinopathy (pre-stage), pronounced progressiveness of the accompanying nephropathy and arterial hypertension, and finally uncommon diabetic heredo-familiarity. They all permit permature conclusion on proliferative retinopathy (and glomerulosclerosis).
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PMID:[Pre-conditions of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)]. 114 87

A new strain of rat characterized by genetic obesity, endogenous hyperlipidemia, and hypertension was obtained in this laboratory. The abnormal phenotype is inherited as a homozygous recessive trait. The animals exhibit marked hypertriglyceridemia, moderate hypercholesterolemia, and an electrophoretic pattern resembling that of human Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. The average life-span is less than 1 year, due largely to the development of premature renal and vascular disease. The kidney lesion has both glomerulonephritic and nephrosclerotic components and is accompanied by marked proteinuria. About 12% of animals develop urinary tract calculi. The vascular disease consists of fibrous and fatty-fibrous intimal plaques, and polyarteritis. The obese animal offers a useful model for investigating abnormal lipid metabolism and the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Pathologic findings and laboratory data in a new strain of obese hypertensive rats. 117 27

Renal function studies were performed in 524 gouty subjects, including follow-up studies at intervals up to 12 years in 112 of them. In 49 subjects, the glomerular filtration rate was less than 70 ml/min and Curate:glomerular filtration rate ratio tended to rise as the glomerular filtration rate decreased, reflecting a relatively stable urate excretion over varying filtered urate loads. The increment in Tsurate:glomerular filtration rate was small with spontaneous Purate between 7 and 9 mg/100 ml. It was modest with Purate up to 10 mg/100 ml. The increment in Tsurate:glomerular filtration rate became much higher beyond Purate of 10 mg/100 ml. Urinary urate levels above 800 mug/min, designated as excess urate excretion, occurred more commonly in subjects with Purate above 9 mg/100 ml, and with better preserved renal function. Tophi were more frequently observed in subjects with low glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria; but incidence of urolithiasis seemed to be less affected by a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. Hyperuricemia alone had no deleterious effect on renal function as evidenced by follow-up studies over periods up to 12 years. Deterioration of renal function was largely associated with aging, renal vascular disease, renal calculi with pyelonephritis or independently occurring nephropathy. In only very few instances was diminished renal function ascribable to gout alone.
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PMID:Renal function in gout. IV. An analysis of 524 gouty subjects including long-term follow-up studies. 120 33

The results of renal transplantation in patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus were compared to those of a well-matched control group of non-diabetic patients. All transplantations were performed between 1977 and 1988. In the diabetic group hypertension (72 versus 41%), coronary artery disease (17 versus 0%), and peripheral vascular disease (19 versus 0%) had been significantly more frequent pretransplantation. Fewer diabetic patients had previously been treated with dialysis therapy (69 versus 97%). Graft function measured by creatinine clearance after 1 year follow-up, and incidence of proteinuria were not significantly different. The overall graft survival was significantly worse in the diabetic group compared to the control group: 42 versus 69% after 60 months and 21 versus 62% after 90 months. This was caused by a significantly worse patient survival in the diabetic group after 105 months: 28 versus 78% in the control group. The graft survival following exclusion of the patients who died with a functioning graft did not differ significantly between the groups after 60 and 90 months: 62 and 31% in the diabetic group and 69 and 62% in the control group. The existence of any vascular disease before transplantation, especially pre-existing peripheral vascular disease, had a significant effect on mortality in diabetic patients (P = 0.0003). After transplantation, diabetic patients had significantly more cerebrovascular accidents (23 versus 3%), peripheral vascular disease (31 versus 3%), and number of infections (1.9 versus 1.2). Retransplantation was carried out in each group to the same extent, with the same success rate.
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PMID:Increased morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation as compared with non-diabetic patients. 132 80

Both increased synthesis and decreased catabolism of lipoproteins may account for the severe hyperlipidemia which frequently occurs in patients with the nephrotic syndrome (NS). Nevertheless the complex relation between hyperlipidemia and proteinuria remains unclear and still debated. Increased levels of serum total cholesterol, of low-density lipoprotein and of apolipoprotein B are the most characteristic reported abnormalities placing these patients at high risks for atherosclerotic vascular disease. Moreover recent experiments have suggested that hyperlipidemia may also play a role in the progression of renal disease. Thus the reasons for using hypolipemic treatment are now growing in number and recent trials with lipid lowering medication have been successful without major side effects.
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PMID:[Disturbances of lipid metabolism during nephrotic syndrome: physiopathology and treatment]. 147 Feb 93

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes is associated with a 2-3 fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The poor relationship between this risk and either glycaemic control or diabetes duration suggests that some other aspect of the diabetic state, and not hyperglycaemia per se, mediates this risk. This other aspect of diabetes does not comprise alterations in recognized cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure or lipids, as the major component of the excess risk is in those diabetics with low levels of the other risk factors. It thus appears that there may be some factors that predispose both to diabetes and to cardiovascular disease. In insulin-dependent diabetics most of the excess risk of cardiovascular disease occurs in subjects with proteinuria, and microalbuminuria or proteinuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetics also substantially increases cardiovascular risk. Although changes in recognized risk factors in diabetics with nephropathy may partly explain these observations, we and others have shown that microalbuminuric non-diabetics also have a markedly increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease and substantially increased cardiovascular mortality. The observations that in insulin-dependent diabetics nephropathy shows family clustering and that these patients have elevated sodium lithium counter-transport rate, a possible genetic marker for the vascular complications of hypertension, have led to the suggestion that microalbuminuria may be a marker of a genetic predisposition to vascular disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Microalbuminuria: a genetic link between diabetes and cardiovascular disease? 148 48

The most serious complication of diabetes mellitus is clinical nephropathy. The development of persistent proteinuria (urinary excretion of more than 300 mg albumin/24 hours) implies an extremely high risk of early death. Renal failure is the most frequent cause of death but the mortality of cardiovascular diseases is also increased. Besides the link between albuminuria (nephropathy) and atherosclerosis in coronary arteries, albuminuria is also a predictor of microangiopathy in other organs than the kidneys. The annual incidence of proliferative retinopathy in early nephropathy is 10-15% compared to only 1% in patients without nephropathy. Also signs of cardiomyopathy have been demonstrated in early nephropathy. Further we have described markers of universal endothelial damage in these patients, and we hypothesize that albuminuria not only is a predictor of renal disease but also of widespread vascular disease. Long-term improvement of metabolic control by use of insulin infusion pumps and early antihypertensive treatment seem to stop the further progression of early diabetic nephropathy and to significantly improve the prognosis of clinical nephropathy.
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PMID:Diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Generalized vascular damage in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. 149 Jun 95


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