Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The kidney is one of the target organs involved as a consequence of the systemic complications seen in drug abusers. This may manifest itself in one of the following forms: acute hepatitis with modest proteinuria (less than 2 Gm. per day); bacterial endocarditis with hematuria, azotemia, and a focal or diffuse glomerulonephritis; the nephrotic syndrome with focal mesangial sclerosis and diffuse interstitial nephritis often pursuing a fulminant course terminating in uremia; acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria; polyarteritis nodosa with renal involvement; and obstructive uropathy secondary to fungus ball in the urinary tract.
 ...
PMID:Renal complications of drug addiction. 1 1

One month following a cadaver renal transplant for obstructive uropathy, a 27-year-old man developed diabetes mellitus. Two years later, marked proteinuria and decreased renal function were detected. Eight months later, a second decline in function occurred. Light microscopy of graft biopsy specimens obtained after each decline in renal function showed increased mesangial cells and matrix, thickening of Bowman capsule, and tubular atrophy with basement membrane thickening. Vascular changes, interstitial infiltrate, and fibrosis were not prominent. Electron microscopic studies of the second biopsy specimen confirmed the light microscopic changes; subepithelial dense deposits were also detected. Immunofluorescent studies of both biopsy specimens demonstrated linear staining of glomerular and tubular basement membranes and Bowman capsule for IgG and albumin. Antikidney antibodies were not detected in the patient's serum. These observations suggest development of the diffuse form of diabetic nephropathy in a renal homograft following steroid-induced diabetes mellitus.
 ...
PMID:Development of a lesion resembling diabetic nephropathy in a renal homograft. 32 61

Exposure to elemental mercury vapour is known to influence renal function; however, severe renal disease has not been consistently identified. Eleven men were evaluated for renal disease after acute, massive mercury poisoning. Significant hyperchloraemia was identified in this group of patient and a reversible renal tubular defect was suggested by low normal serum bicarbonate, a normal serum anion gap and a positive urinary anion gap. The only other evidence of renal dysfunction was transient, mild proteinuria in one of the 11 patients. During this same time period, neuropsychological impairment was identified on a test of cognitive and visual-motor function, 'Trailmaking B', in seven of the 11 patients. Additionally, dysuria and ejaculatory pain occurred without evidence of urological disease. These complaints were more frequent in those patients with impairment on 'Trailmaking B' suggesting a neurological basis for these symptoms. The findings of this study support earlier observations that the brain rather than the kidney is the critical target organ after elemental mercury vapour exposure.
 ...
PMID:Elemental mercury vapour toxicity, treatment, and prognosis after acute, intensive exposure in chloralkali plant workers. Part II: Hyperchloraemia and genitourinary symptoms. 135 16

The present study was designed to evaluate the frequency of an increase in the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and the factors involved in this parameter in non-diabetic obese patients; 122 non-diabetic obese patients were investigated. None had proteinuria or history of nephropathy or uropathy. Fourty of them had moderate hypertension. Compared with a group of 22 lean controls, UAER was significantly higher in the obese patients (19.0 +/- 2.0 (SEM) mg/24 h vs 3.2 +/- 0.6 mg/24 h, p < 0.001). UAER was elevated (> 20 mg/24 h) in 29 patients (23.7%). Prevalence of microalbuminuria was not significantly different in hypertensive than in normotensive patients. However UAER was significantly higher in the 32 patients with a family history of hypertension (29.6 +/- 6.3 mg/24 h vs 15.3 +/- 1.5 mg/24 h, p < 0.002). In patients with microalbuminuria, body weight was significantly higher (100.3 +/- 3.9 kg vs 91.8 +/- 1.9 kg, p < 0.05), plasma albumin was significantly lower (38.3 +/- 0.6 g/l vs 40.3 +/- 0.3 g/l, p < 0.005) and the estimated value of fractional albumin clearance was significantly higher. These results show the high frequency of microalbuminuria in non-diabetic obese patients. They suggest that UAER level may be an index of family hypertension in obese patients and that microalbuminuria is part of a widespread abnormality of the capillary permeability.
 ...
PMID:[Microalbuminuria and hypertension in obese patients]. 148 58

Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) describes a range of pathological processes that are at least partly responsible for the progression of renal disease of nearly all aetiologies. TIN is frequently the most important pathological manifestation of progressive glomerulonephritis, obstructive uropathy, reflux nephropathy and cystic diseases, although it may also present as a primary disease process associated with infection, drug use or other immunologically mediated disease. Recent clinical and laboratory research has increased our knowledge of tubulointerstitial structure, physiological function and tubulointerstitial response to injury. This review presents a classification of TIN in which acute and chronic tubulointerstitial diseases are recognized as forming a continuum. Primary TIN and TIN associated with glomerulonephritis, obstructive nephropathy and chronic progressive renal disease are discussed from both clinical and pathogenic aspects. It is argued that chronic TIN is a disease process in which inflammation is accompanied by a destructive tubulopathy and fibrogenesis. In acute TIN there is a cessation and reversal of this process. It is suggested that most forms of TIN have an immunological basis because of the presence of immune cell infiltrates, the occurrence of TIN in several immune diseases and immunological animal models of TIN. However, to date TIN has not been convincingly modified in patients by immune manipulation. Experimental evidence suggesting an important pathogenic role for proteinuria and antigenuria, and the renal tubule cell acting as an antigen-presenting cell is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Tubulointerstitial nephritis. 148 49

The clinical course of 138 children who underwent unilateral nephrectomy and had a normal contralateral kidney at the time of nephrectomy was reviewed. The diagnosis leading to nephrectomy included obstructive uropathy in 46% of the cases, reflux or pyelonephritis in 30%, Wilms tumor in 15%, hypertension in 4%, dysplastic kidney in 2% and trauma in 2%. Mean age at nephrectomy was 7.3 years and median followup was 24.7 years. Of the 138 patients 121 (88%) are well and 17 died, including 14 secondary to metastatic Wilms tumor and 1 of renal failure. Survival of nonWilms tumor patients was similar to that of an age-matched control group. In 30 patients 24-hour creatinine clearance and 24-hour urinary protein excretion were measured. Proteinuria (greater than 150 mg./24 hours) was found in 8 of the 30 patients (27%) (p less than 0.001), renal insufficiency developed in 9 (30%) (p less than 0.0001) and hypertension occurred in 10% (p greater than 0.10). Children with an acquired solitary kidney are at increased risk for proteinuria and renal insufficiency.
 ...
PMID:Prognosis of children with solitary kidney after unilateral nephrectomy. 164 May 59

8 cases of membranous glomerulonephritis (MG) after renal transplants (RT) are presented; one being a recurrence of the original disease and the other 7 due to a different cause of renal insufficiency. The total incidence of MG after transplantation was 1.63%; 1.39% being the incidence of MG of new cases. Only 1 patient showed decrease of renal function and in this case the MG was accompanied by chronic rejection lesions. There was no sign of neoplasias nor drugs producing MG. As far as chronic infections are concerned, only one patient showed B antigen and it was not observed during the immunofluorescent test in the biopsy. 6 patients had urological complications after the renal transplant (3 cases of urinary fistula; 2 cases of obstructive uropathy; 1 case of short ureter). 2 patients experienced the start of hemodialysis due to focal and segmentary glomerulosclerosis. The beginning of proteinuria commences between 2 and 23 months after the RT (median 13,0 +/- 7,5 moths); with a range of between 2.0 and 12.0 gr/day (median: 6.8 +/- 3,2 Z gr/day), this being nephrotic in 4 cases. Proteinuria improved 1 case, and persisted in the other patients at the same level registered previous to the diagnosis. MG is a non-frequent complication or RT and is usually benign. Patients with post-transplant urologic complications could be considered to have a higher risk of developing a MG "de novo".
 ...
PMID:[Membranous nephritis after renal transplantation]. 189 4

The nephrotoxic effects of ifosfamide were assessed in 18 children and adolescents given cumulative doses of 32-112 g/m2 (1.6 g/m2 per day in sequential 5-day courses) with the uroprotectant mesna (1.2 g/m2 per day). Tubular nephrotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the urinary concentrations of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), and total protein before and during sequential courses of therapy. Of 15 patients who had normal levels of tubular markers before ifosfamide therapy, only 1 developed a persistent increase in baseline values of the three tubular markers with the sixth course of ifosfamide. Although transient increases in the excretion of these markers were observed during each 5-day course of ifosfamide, the magnitude did not increase over sequential courses in these 15 patients. Of the remaining three patients who had increased NAG levels before ifosfamide therapy, two showed a progressive increase in enzymuria and proteinuria, and serum creatinine concentrations increased in a single patient who had obstructive uropathy. Our data suggest that children with normal renal function can be given large cumulative amounts of ifosfamide in fractionated doses with little risk of progressive clinical nephrotoxicity.
 ...
PMID:Tubular nephrotoxicity during long-term ifosfamide and mesna therapy. 257 77

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in adults is recognized as a cause of urolithiasis. If IH is symptomatic, the symptoms are hematuria, renal colic, or obstructive uropathy with or without infection. In children, IH has been linked to the spectrum of urinary symptoms including hematuria, pyuria, dysuria, recurrent urinary infections, abdominal or suprapubic pain, proteinuria, and the frequency-urgency syndrome. Hematuria may appear prior to the appearance of stones, and thiazide therapy appears to prevent stone formation by decreasing urinary calcium excretion. This report describes an older adolescent with hematuria and flank pain. His urinary chemistry values were not consistently typical of IH, but a thiazide trial with withdrawal challenge was diagnostic. His case is remarkable because, though essentially an adult, his disease was typical of prepubertal disease. Adolescents with unexplained urinary symptoms should be evaluated for IH. The urinary calcium-creatinine ratio may not be elevated, and timed urinary calcium may be equivocal. In some cases a thiazide trial may be valuable and cost effective.
 ...
PMID:Atypical idiopathic hypercalciuria in an adolescent. 318 67

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease of the tropics which is estimated to affect up to 300 million people worldwide. In endemic areas the childhood age group has the highest prevalence and intensity of infection. There are several distinct species of schistosomes. The principal organ system involved in Schistosoma haematobium infection is the urinary tract since parasite eggs penetrate the bladder and are excreted in the urine. Hematuria, proteinuria, leukocyturia and symptoms like dysuria or nocturia are the most common clinical presentations. Heavily infected patients show obstructive uropathy of different severity which may lead to renal failure. Intestinal schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma mansoni infection. Initial symptoms can be diarrhea and blood-tinged stool. Chronic infection is characterized by fibrotic involvement of the liver and consecutive portal hypertension. The diagnosis of schistosomiasis depends on the demonstration of schistosome eggs in human excreta or biopsy material. Imported cases of schistosomiasis to Europe show an increasing tendency due to expanding international travel. Furthermore imported cases are usually not diagnosed until years after the patients have left an endemic area. The treatment of choice is a single dose of praziquantel 40 m/kg bodyweight resulting in cure rates of around 90% and considerable reversibility of pathological abnormalities due to schistosome infections.
 ...
PMID:Schistosomiasis in childhood. 327 25


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>