Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The risk to the transplanted kidney of vesicoureteric reflux was evaluated in 150 consecutive first cadaveric renal allografts surviving for over three months. Of the 119 (79 per cent) allografts studied by micturating cystography 29 (24 per cent) were shown to reflux. The presence of reflux was associated with urine leakage and reoperation, and with ureteric insertion involving a short intramural tunnel. Graft failure (graft nephrectomy or death from renal failure) occurred in 14 of 29 refluxing grafts as compared to 14 failures in 90 nonrefluxing grafts (P less than 0.01). Graft failure in the refluxing group was typically slow, and commonly associated with proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, hypertension and a biopsy appearance of mesangiocapillary glomerular change. Urinary infection, though frequent (69 per cent), was not more common in the group with than in that without reflux. Vesicoureteric reflux is an important cause of late renal-graft failure.
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PMID:Risks of vesicoureteric reflux in the transplanted kidney. 32 32

Lipid A injected into the temporarily occluded renal pelvis of adult dogs, persisted in the kidney tissue and induced an abacterial interstitial nephritis with positive anti-lipid A titers. This reaction was increased by a single dose of lipid A vaccine, reduced by four consecutive immunisations prior to the lipid A injection and absent in puppies. The presence of IgG, IgM and complement complexes in the kidney was demonstrated by immunofluoroscopy. Lipid A antibody titers were measured by the passive hemolysis test in 349 humans. In two out of 20 healthy adults and 16 out of 18 children with recurrent urinary tract infection anti-lipid A antibodies were present. In contrast, no titers were found in 23 newborn babies. In a group of 156 patients with acute urinary tract infection, 28% revealed positive titers, whereas in a group of 132 patients with recurrent urinary tract infection titers occurred in 81%. Selected from this group of 132 patients 61 suffered from an acute infection of the upper tract. 59 oft these (96%) showed definite titers. There was no difference in the development of anti-lipid A antibodies between men and women and the height of the titers did not correlate with the clinical picture of the disease (acute or chronic). The combination of proteinuria and anti-lipid A antibodies indicates the pressure of reccurrent urinary tract infection or chronic pyelonephritis with about 90% accuracy. The titers are caused by immunogenically active lipid A in the body. Since lipid A has the ability to remain in the renal tissue for a long period of time and thereby to maintain the inflammatory response, long-term antimicrobial prophylaxis (six months) should be given to patients with a high risk of recurrent urinary tract infection.
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PMID:[Lipoid A, a factor in the pathogenesis of chronic pyelonephritis. Experimental and clinical studies of a lipoid A dependent pathological immune reaction]. 37 74

Voided urine samples from healthy persons and patients with glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis and bacterial urinary tract infection were examined. Urine from healthy persons contained 0-12 granulocytes/mm3, 0 mononuclear leukocytes/mm3 and -2 renal epithelial cells/mm3. Urine from patients contained a larger number of cells/mm3 than did urine from healthy persons. With differential counting of granulocytes, mononuclear leukocytes and renal epithelial cells patients with glomerulonephritis could be separated from patients with chronic pyelonephritis or bacterial urinary tract infection. The percentage values obtained at differential counting were not correlated to age, sex, total number of cells/mm3, proteinuria or serum creatinine level.
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PMID:Differential count and quantitative estimation of granulocytes, mononuclear leukocytes and renal epithelial cells in urine. 66 15

The relationship between Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and bacteriuria was studied over a five year period in three hospitals. In a Veterans Administration Hospital, 59 patients with Staph, aureus bacteremia had a urine culture within 48 hours of a positive blood culture. In 16 of 59 (27 per cent), greater than 10(5) Staph. aureus was recovered from the urine in pure culture. Six of these patients had apparent primary staphylococcal urinary tract infection. Clinical and laboratory parameters in the patients with staphylococcal bacteremia and bacteriuria were compared with those in 31 patients with staphylococcal bacteremia and sterile urine cultures. The two groups differed only in the more frequent occurrence of pyuria and proteinuria in the bacteriuric patients. In two other hospitals, staphylococcal bacteriuria occurred in 7 per cent of patients with Staph. aureus bacteremia and in 13 per cent of cases of staphylococcal endocarditis. Review of autopsy records for 33 patients who died within one month of their bacteremia failed to show a correlation between bacteriuria and the presence of renal abscess. Staphylococcal bacteriuria is a frequent and unexplained concomitant of Staph. aureus bactremia.
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PMID:The association between Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and bacteriuria. 68 15

A clinical epidemiological study was conducted to determine the association, if any, between the incidence of urinary schistosomiasis and urinary tract infection. The urinary excretion of protein and cells was also studied. Data was collected from 2 rural Nigerian communities--1 with a low level of endemic urinary schistosomiasis and the other with a high level. Midstream urine specimens were collected from the 2 populations. The laboratory procedures are described and the findings are presented in detailed tables. Proteinuria, haematuria, pyuria and bacteriuria were found to occur at significantly higher levels in the area of high than low schistosomiasis endemicity.
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PMID:Studies on the prevalence of renal disease and hypertension in relation to schistosomiasis. III. Proteinuria, haematuria, pyuria and bacteriuria in the rural community of Nigeria. 75 49

Hematuria is the presence of more than 5 RBC's in repeated urinary sediments. Erythrocyturia may be present as an isolated finding or it may be associated to other clinical findings that may lead to the etiology of the hematuria. Its origin may be renal or extrarenal. In the neonate, meatal or urethral bleeding, polycystic kidney or hydronephrosis must be considered. In the infant, hematuria may be due to vascular disease, renal vein thrombosis, as well as to urinary tract infection, urinary tract obstruction or acute tubular interstitial nephritis due to drug ingestion. Primary and secondary glomerulopathies, urinary tract infection and urolithiasis are the most frequent causes of hematuria in pre-school or school-age children. The diagnostic approach emphasizes the importance of the clinical history, familial background and the circumstances of presentation. RBC casts and proteinuria may suggest the presence of a glomerulopathy. Leukocyturia is more frequent in urinary tract infections and requires urine cultures and intravenous pyelogram. In cases of isolated hematuria, blood clotting test, P. T., P.T.T., platelet count and RBC's morphology may be required to rule out hematological disorders. The intravenous pyelogram, voiding cystogram, and occasionally cystoscopy will help to rule out urological abnormalities. If the previous results were negative, the renal biopsy will help to distinguish IgA mesangiopathy, Alport's syndrome or essential hematuria; this last diagnosis resulting by exclusion.
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PMID:[Diagnostic significance of hematuria in pediatrics]. 75 4

Lipid A antibody titers were measured by the passive hemolysis test in 349 humans. In two out of 20 healthy adults and 16 out of 18 children with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in the presence of anomalies anti-lipid A antibodies were present. In contrast, no titers were found in 23 newborn babies. In a group of 156 patients with acute UTI, 28% revealed positive titers, whereas in a group of 132 patients with recurrent UTI titers occurred in 81%. In a selected group of 132 patients with recurrent infections of the upper tract 59 (=96%) showed definite titers. There was no difference in the development of anti-lipid A antibodies between men and women and the height of the titers did not correlate with the clinical picture of the disease (acute or chronic). The combination of proteinuria and anti-lipid A antibodies indicates the presence of recurrent UTI or chronic pyelonephritis with about 90% accuracy. The titers are caused by immunogenically active lipid A in the body. Since lipid A has the ability to remain in the renal tissue for a long period of time and thereby to maintain the inflamatory response, long-term antimicrobial prophylaxis (six months) should be given to patients with a high risk of recurrent UTI.
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PMID:[Occurence, significance and clinical consequences of lipid A antibody titers in patients with urinary tract infection (author's transl)]. 91 62

Radiological findings of segmental renal hypoplasia are reported, based on the observation of 6 children aged between 8 and 14. The leading clinical symptom is arterial hypertension. Urinary tract infection and proteinuria are additional common findings. Cases with bilateral disease often have renal failure. The intravenous urogram shows unilateral or bilateral small kidneys with segmental renal scarring and transverse lobulation. In the pathological areas the calyces are ectatic or clubbed and their infundibulum is elongated. Vesico-ureteral reflux is frequent. In angiography the lobulated segments appear hypovascular. Diagnosis was verified by histological examination.
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PMID:Segmental renal hypoplasia in childhood. 101 4

A long-term study of 17 patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria revealed an unexpectedly high incidence of functional and anatomic renal abormalities. All patients demonstrated varying degrees of hematuria and proteinuria distinct from hemoglobinuria. All patients also had granular casts in multiple urinalyses. Evaluation of renal function revealed hyposthenuria, abnormal tubular function and declining creatinine clearance. Radiologically, one or more of these demonstrated enlarged kidneys, renal cortical infarcts and thinning, papillary necrosis, acute renal atrophy, retroperitoneal hematoma and ureteral infarction, which were confirmed by autopsy studies. Hypertension developed in 7 patients. Urinary tract infection was uncommon and no patient had a clinical history compatible with chronic or acute pyelonephritis. Contrary to usual opinion our compatible clearly showed evidence of frequent and widespread renal pathology in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria most likely due to repeated microvascular thromboses similar to the venous trombosis involving other organs in this disorder. Since most of these patients present initially to urologists knowledge of this entity is mandatory.
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PMID:Urologic manifestations of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. 114 29

A reversible lysozymuria indicative of proximal tubular damage to the kidney was found in three out of five patients with diabetic ketosis, and a persistent lysozymuria was found in many patients with diabetic nephropathy. There was no relation between lysozymuria and the degree of proteinuria, and lysozymuria was not due to urinary tract infection. The degree of lysozymuria could be used to assess the severity of diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Lysozymuria in diabetes. 125 52


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