Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Renal function was investigated in 218 school children with Schistosoma mansoni infection in the Providence of Gezira in central Sudan and in 65 Sudanese and 65 German age-matched controls. Serum creatinine was normal in all children. A pathological urinary protein-creatinine ratio was found in 3% of S. mansoni-infected children and in 5% of Sudanese controls but in none of the European children. Characterization of pathological proteinuria using albumin nephelometry, alpha-1 microglobulin immunodiffusion and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in these children showed glomerular, tubular or mixed glomerulotubular patterns. One, 4 and 6 months following treatment of schistosomiasis with praziquantel, stools were re-examined; 57% of patients were cured, 16% were found to be reinfected and 27% had persistent egg excretion. Six months after therapy, pathological urinary protein-creatinine ratios were encountered in 3% of S. mansoni patients and in none of the 34 reinvestigated controls. Proteinuria was similar in patients with persistent S. mansoni egg excretion and in children cured of schistosomiasis infection. It is concluded that there was no evidence for S. mansoni associated glomerulonephritis in this group of Sudanese children. The high rate of pathological proteinuria in S. mansoni-infected and non-infected Sudanese children may be due to other causes.
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PMID:Renal function in Sudanese school children with Schistosoma mansoni infection. 251 50

A study was carried out in the Babana District of Borgu Local Government Areas in Kwara State, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among schoolchildren. Of 425 pupils found and examined in nine communities, 193 (45.4%) were infected. Infection rates for boys and girls (44.7% and 47.9%, respectively) were not significantly different (P greater than 0.5). Children between 11 years and 13 years of age had the highest prevalence (59.2%), while those between 5 years and 7 years had the lowest (33.6%). However, the proportion (25.9%) of children excreting at least 1000 eggs/10-ml urine sample during their first decade of life was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than for pupils who were older. There was a positive relationship between schistosomal infection and the prevalence of haematuria and proteinuria. Thus, the prevalences of haematuria and proteinuria were significantly higher among the infected than among the non-infected pupils (P less than 0.01). All the pupils with heavy haematuria (n = 45) and those with heavy proteinuria (n = 14) had at least 150 eggs/10-ml urine sample and 1000 eggs/10-ml urine sample, respectively.
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PMID:Schistosoma haematobium infection among schoolchildren in the Babana district, Kwara State, Nigeria. 285 64

In an area where urinary schistosomiasis was endemic 349 patients were examined by ultrasonography. To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of this technique, intravenous pyelography and cystoscopies were also done on 29 and 31 patients, respectively. Ultrasonography compared favourably with pyelography and cystoscopy except in demonstrating bladder calcifications. It was a valuable tool for rapid mass detection of Schistosoma haematobium related morbidity. Major renal congestion and irregularity of the bladder wall as seen on ultrasonography correlated strongly with the prevalence and the intensity of S haematobium infection as well as with microhaematuria and proteinuria, thus indicating the usefulness of urine dip sticks for S haematobium case-finding, especially during attempts at morbidity control in endemic areas.
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PMID:Value of ultrasonography in investigating morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium infection. 285 17

Eleven patients with schistosomiasis mansoni received a renal transplant. In 5 patients, the schistosomiasis was asymptomatic and had been diagnosed by routine examinations and had no relationship to nephropathy. In 4 patients, the nephropathy was suggestive of being of schistosomal origin. Three of them had symptomatic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, and histologic studies of original kidneys disclosed chronic glomerulonephritis in 2 and membranous glomerulonephritis in 1 patient. These histologic pictures do not establish definitively the schistosomal origin of nephropathy. The other patient had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis that recurred in the allograft, but he had intestinal schistosomiasis. This form of the disease is not considered by all as capable of inducing nephropathy. Two patients had the hallmarks of schistosomal nephropathy: hepatosplenic form and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. The 1st patient developed nephrotic syndrome 3 years after the transplantation, and an allograft biopsy disclosed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. The other patient had an uneventful outcome with good renal function and no proteinuria. An allograft biopsy performed 14 months after the transplant disclosed slight mesangial proliferation with IgM++ and C3++ in the mesangium.
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PMID:Renal transplantation and schistosomiasis mansoni. 296 42

With the introduction of Praziquantel a highly effective anthelminticum against trematodes and cestodes has become available. After antischistosomal therapy with Praziquantel reduction of parasitic egg excretion occurs rapidly and lasts for at least one year under conditions with a low risk of reinfection. Patients treated with Praziquantel predominantly excrete non-viable eggs and therefore hardly contribute to a further transmission of the disease. Besides this parasitological improvement proteinuria, erythrocyturia, leukocyturia, and previously pathological lesions of the urinary tract as shown ultrasonographically more or less disappear. Praziquantel can therefore at present be considered the drug of choice in the treatment of schistosomiasis.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of praziquantel as an antihelmintic agent in the treatment of bilharziasis]. 308 35

Proteinuria was studied in 128 children aged 6 to 18 years with Schistosoma haematobium infection in the People's Republic of Congo. Urinary protein concentration in spontaneously voided midday urine of patients with greater than 100 ova/10 ml was significantly higher than in 24-hr urine specimens. Median daily urinary protein loss in patients with moderate intensity of infection (100-350 ova/10 ml) was 300 mg and 584 mg/1.73 m2 body surface in heavily infected patients (greater than 350 ova/10 ml). A significant correlation existed between egg excretion at noon and protein concentration in spontaneous urine samples as well as daily urinary protein loss (r = 0.76 and r = 0.68, respectively). Heavily infected patients had a daily protein loss of up to 3.3 g/1.73 m2, total serum protein and albumin concentration, however, were within normal limits. This may indicate adaptive mechanisms in patients with urinary schistosomiasis and high proteinuria which maintain a balanced serum protein concentration.
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PMID:Daily urinary protein loss in Schistosoma haematobium infection. 309 95

Although several aspects of the association between S. mansoni infection and renal disease are well known, the influence of the anti-parasitic therapy on the clinical course of the glomerulopathy remains undefined. With the aim of studying this aspect, 16 patients with glomerulopathy associated with schistosomiasis mansoni were evaluated (proteinuria and levels of BUN and creatinine) before therapy, 1 week, 1 month, 2-3 months and 6 months after therapy of the parasitic infections. During the follow-up of such cases no benefit could unquestionably be demonstrated in the patients. Also, no permanent deterioration of renal function related to anti-parasitic therapy could be documented. It is concluded that the treatment of the S. mansoni infection, once the consequent glomerulopathy is clinically apparent, does not influence the clinical course of the disease.
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PMID:The influence of anti-parasitic therapy on the course of the glomerulopathy associated with Schistosomiasis mansoni. 310 94

The use of urinalysis reagent strips (Labstix; Ames) in screening for Schistosoma haematobium infection in various schistosomiasis-endemic areas of the RSA was assessed in 941 children. Sensitivity, specificity, false-positive and false-negative rates and the positive predictive value for haematuria and proteinuria were calculated. Both haematuria and proteinuria were positively correlated with the presence of S. haematobium eggs in the urine. Intensity of infection correlated positively with the degree of haematuria and proteinuria (P less than 0.001). The presence and intensity of S. haematobium infection were more closely related to the presence and degree of haematuria than to proteinuria. Screening for haematuria alone enabled 83.1% of S. haematobium-positive and 89.7% of negative subjects to be detected accurately. The false-positive rate was 2.7%. It was found that a single parameter, haematuria, could be used to identify infected children in endemic areas. It was also found to be possible to use the reagent strips to select out S. haematobium-infected children with egg counts greater than 200 ova/10 ml urine. The simple model developed allows rapid identification of moderately to heavily infected children and can be used by paramedical staff in field situations.
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PMID:Urinalysis reagent strips in the screening of children for urinary schistosomiasis in the RSA. 311 82

The relationship of haematuria and proteinuria to intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection, the possibility of using haematuria and proteinuria for diagnosing S. haematobium infection, and the value of haematuria and proteinuria in assessing chemotherapeutic efficacy after treatment with praziquantel were studied in 235 male and female schoolchildren, 9-to 14-year old. A correlation was found between both severity of dipstick proteinuria/haematuria and frequency of visible haematuria, and intensity of S. haematobium infection. Haematuria and proteinuria proved reasonably sensitive indicators of urinary schistosomiasis (78% and 86% respectively) and both techniques detected all heavy infections (over 64 eggs/10 ml urine), but haematuria was considered the overall better indicator due to its greater specificity before (83% vs 64%) and after (78% vs 67%) treatment. The presence of visible haematuria detected 19% of all infected children and two-thirds of those passing more than 64 eggs/10 ml urine, and can provide a useful saving of time and the use of reagent strips. Comparison of the results with those obtained elsewhere confirmed regional differences in the intensity of infection inducing specific levels of haematuria/proteinuria and in the sensitivity and specificity of urinary blood and protein as indicators of infection.
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PMID:Haematuria and proteinuria during Schistosoma haematobium infection: relationship to intensity of infection and the value of chemical reagent strips for pre- and post-treatment diagnosis. 312 Mar 68

Hepatic fibrosis in the pathogenesis of schistosomal glomerulopathy cannot be explained by any positive influence of hepatocellular injury. In order to examine the potential role of impairment of hepatic macrophage function, the t1/2 plasma clearance of 99mTc-sulphur colloid was studied in 30 patients with schistosomal glomerulopathy, ten normal volunteers, ten cases of uncomplicated intestinal schistosomiasis, ten non-schistosomal cirrhotic patients and ten non-schistosomal nephrotic patients. Liver and renal biopsies were obtained from appropriate groups and examined by light microscopy and glomerular immunofluorescence. There was a significant correlation between t1/2 of sulphur colloid clearance and proteinuria, mesangial hypercellularity, and predominance of IgA glomerular deposits. These data indicate that hepatic macrophage dysfunction is an important factor in the pathogenesis of schistosomal glomerulopathy, and that IgA plays a major role in advanced glomerular lesions. The degree of impairment of hepatic macrophage function may influence the pattern and severity of glomerular lesions depending upon the affection of IgA clearance mechanisms.
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PMID:Hepatic macrophage function in schistosomal glomerulopathy. 314 17


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