Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a controlled trial, symptomatic treatment alone, or 12 weeks of cyclophosphamide or azathioprine were compared in Nigerian children with nephrotic syndrome (mainly quartan malarial nephropathy) and poorly selective proteinuria. Full remission in 2 patients in each of the two groups treated with drugs, and diminution of proteinuria in most patients in the cyclophosphamide group showed possible evidence of benefit. Infections during treatment were significantly more common in the drug-treated groups but were controllable. Mortality from renal failure in the 2nd year after treatment was significantly greater in the azathioprine-treated group than in the other two, suggesting that the drug may have exacerbated the nephritis. The 5-year survival rate was similar in the cyclophosphamide and the control group.
 ...
PMID:A controlled trial of cyclophosphamide and azathioprine in Nigerian children with the nephrotic syndrome and poorly selective proteinuria. 37 45

Seventy-two adults with the nephrotic syndrome without renal insufficiency had a membranous type of renal histology on biopsy. These patients were randomly allocated to at least eight weeks of alternate-day treatment with prednisone or placebo in a multicenter study. Deterioration of glomerular filtration rate was significantly more rapid in placebo-treated than in prednisone-treated patients, and ultimately 10 of 38 given placebo but only one of 34 given prednisone were in renal failure (creatinine more than 5 mg per deciliter [440 mumol per liter]) or dead (P less than 0.02). In male patients and in those with nonselective initial proteinuria, there was a trend (not reaching statistical significance) toward more rapid deterioration of renal function. Age, admission blood pressure, serum creatinine, daily total protein excretion, and severity of histologic changes did not predict the subsequent course. We conclude that a short course of alternate-day prednisone therapy was beneficial in our group of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy.
 ...
PMID:A controlled study of short-term prednisone treatment in adults with membranous nephropathy. Collaborative Study of the Adult Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. 38 20

A patient with disseminated malignant melanoma developed mild renal failure with proteinuria four months following the diagnosis of his neoplasm. Renal biopsy showed a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Electron microscopy revealed intramembranous dense deposits in the glomeruli as well as in tubular basement membranes and Bowman's capsule. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated granular staining for C3 in these same locations and granular deposits of immunoglobulins in the glomerular capillary loops. Light and electron microscopy of the autopsy kidney obtained 5 months later revealed progression of the number, size and density of the deposits. Eluates from both autopsy and biopsy kidney contained melanoma antigen and anti-melanoma antibodies. This case illustrates the association between the dense deposits and neoplasia with the dense deposits representing immune complexes with the tumor as antigen.
 ...
PMID:Malignant melanoma with renal dense deposits containing tumor antigens. 39 45

Familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency is a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism. Lipid material is deposited in the kidneys, the glomerular capillary basement membrane is irregularly thickened, detachment and even loss of endothelial cells are seen in the glomeruli. Proteinuria was present in 8 out of 9 cases studied, usually it has not been detected before the age of 15-20. After 15-30 years with symptomless proteinuria, terminal renal failure has developed in 6 of the patients. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the renal damage is discussed; a large-molecular-weight low-density lipoprotein is suggested to be an important factor.
 ...
PMID:Renal failure in familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency. 40 80

A patient who was receiving rifampin treatment for tuberculosis developed heterogenous light-chain proteinuria and insidious renal failure after a period of fluid restriction. The renal damage was characterized pathologically by an interstitial nephritis with invasive tubular casts and an associated renal vein thrombosis. The possible role of the light-chain proteinuria in the pathogenesis of the renal failure is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Insidious rifampin-associated renal failure with light-chain proteinuria. 40 68

Patients with nephrotic syndrome have low blood levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) most probably because of losses in urine, and a vitamin D-deficient state may ensue. The biological consequences of this phenomenon on target organs of vitamin D are not known. This study evaluates one of these target organs, the bone. Because renal failure is associated with bone disease, we studied six patients with nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function. The glomerular filtration rate was 113+/-2.1 (SE) ml/min; serum albumin, 2.3+/-27 g/dl; and proteinuria ranged between 3.5 and 14.7 g/24 h. Blood levels of 25-OH-D, total and ionized calcium and carboxy-terminal fragment of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone were measured, and morphometric analysis of bone histology was made in iliac crest biopsies obtained after double tetracycline labeling. Blood 25-OH-D was low in all patients (3.2-5.1 ng/ml; normal, 21.8+/-2.3 ng/ml). Blood levels of both total (8.1+/-0.12 mg/dl) and ionized (3.8+/-0.21 mg/dl) calcium were lower than normal and three patients had true hypocalcemia. Blood immuno-reactive parathyroid hormone levels were elevated in all. Volumetric density of osteoid was significantly increased in three out of six patients and the fraction of mineralizing osteoid seams was decreased in all. Evidence for an increase in active lacunae (bone-osteoclast interface) occurred in three out of six patients and in inactive (Howship's lacunae) bone resorption in six out of six. The data indicate that the loss of 25-OH-D in urine of patients with nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function may result in a decrease of blood levels of ionized calcium, secondary hyperparathyroidism and enhanced bone resorption. In addition, the vitamin D-deficient state causes osteomalacia as evidenced by defective mineralization and increased osteoid volume.
 ...
PMID:Osteomalacia and hyperparathyroid bone disease in patients with nephrotic syndrome. 42 68

A review of the medical records of 123 persons with Legionnaires' disease hospitalized in the 1976 Philadelphia epidemic showed that the manifestations of infection ranged from mild grippe to a severe pneumonia that also involved other organ systems. Early in the illness, constitutional symptoms predominated. Fever, malaise, myalgia, rigors, confusion, headache, and diarrhea were usually followed by nonproductive cough and dyspnea. Physical examination showed few abnormalities other than rales. Moderate leukocytosis with left shift, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, elevation of serum levels of liver enzymes, and hematuria and proteinuria were characteristic. Chest radiograph showed patchy, often nodular, areas of consolidation. Progression of pneumonia led to respiratory failure and the need for mechanical ventilatory assistance for 19 patients; renal failure, primarily after shock, occurred in 18 persons. Twenty-six patients died. Treatment with erythromycin or tetracycline resulted in the lowest case-fatality ratios, but the associations were not statistically significant.
 ...
PMID:Legionnaires' disease: clinical features of the epidemic in Philadelphia. 43 27

Different types of urinary protein excretion may be recognized by determination of the proteins molecular weight. Beside chromatography different electrophoretic procedures have been applied to urinary proteins to study the underlying renal disease. The various zone electrophoreses separate merely by surface charge, proteins however covered by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) migrate according to their molecular radius. So by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAe) macromolecular proteinurias (Mr 60,000- greater than 300,000 daltons) due to glomerular damage may be distinguished from micromolecular forms (Mr 10,000-70,000 d) due to tubular dysfunction. By densitometric quantitation of the separated Ig and transferrin an index of the glomerular selectivity is obtained, i.e. the capacity of the glomerular system, to retain serum proteins of a Mr above 150,000 d. By this procedure proliferative and degenerative glomerulopathies may be distinguished from minimal change disease, focal glomerular sclerosis and early membranous nephropathy; serial determinations of this selectivity index in the latter two disease entities show a gradual deterioration of glomerular protein handling with time. A glomerular proteinuria of even "physiological" quantity has been proved as early sign of renal involvment in systemic diseases; it may be detected earlier as for example the retinopathy in juvenile diabetics. Micromolecular proteinurias also occur at least in two forms: the typical tubular proteinuria (MW 10,000-70,000 d) is associated with acute or chronic severe tubular dysfunction as in interstitial nephritis and acute kidney failure; rejection episodes of kidney transplants lead to transient tubular proteinurias, too. The second form of micromolecular proteinuria (Mr 40,000-70,000 d) has been found frequently in association with a glomerular in diabetic and hypertensive glomerulosclerosis. By measuring clearances of the microproteins, the proteinuria with this pattern could be established as form independant from glomerular and tubular proteinurias. The constancy of the two micromolecular proteinurias led to the hypothesis of at least two selective mechanism of tubular protein resorption. SDS-PAe additionally allows the differentiation of extrarenal proteinurias, as caused by overflow, paraproteins, postrenal Ig-secretion or bleeding etc. In comparing clinical and in part histological data of about 2,000 patients suffering from kidney diseases the analysis of urinary proteins by this method has been proved as valuable non-invasive tool for diagnosis and follow-up.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic significance of SDS-PAA-electrophoresis of urinary proteins: different forms of proteinuria and their correlation to renal diseases. 44 75

We compared the effects of netilmicin and tobramycin on renal function and histology in dogs. Separate groups, each containing 5 dogs, received control injections, or either netilmicin or tobramycin at doses of 25, 50, or 75 mg per kg of body weight per day for 14 days. Renal function decreased markedly only in the group receiving the 75-mg tobramycin dosage; the serum creatinine levels rose from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 3.6 +/- 0.9 mg per 100 ml (P less than 0.05) and the endogenous creatinine clearance fell from 42.5 +/- 9.4 to 7.8 +/- 2.2 ml per min (P less than 0.05). Dogs in this group developed glycosuria, proteinuria, and polyuria, and three died before the end of the study, probably from neuromuscular toxicity. Peak drug levels were stable when renal function was normal, but increased when renal failure occurred. Light microscopic changes occurred in all groups receiving either drug, but were most severe in the high-dose tobramycin group. Ultrastructural changes were similar in all groups and identical to changes produced by gentamicin. These results show that, on a weight basis, netilmicin is less nephrotoxic than tobramycin in dogs.
 ...
PMID:Netilmicin and tobramycin. Comparison of nephrotoxicity in dogs. 46 18

A patient with a single functioning kidney presented with the nephrotic syndrome. On the basis of highly selective proteinuria, a diagnosis was made of lipoid nephrosis. Steroid therapy over a 2-year period did not control the disease. The patient eventually developed end-stage renal failure and malignant hypertension. Nephrectomy was performed to control the hypertension. Histological examination showed congenital dysplasia in one kidney and sclerosing glomerulonephritis, malignant nephrosclerosis, as well as dysplastic changes in the other.
 ...
PMID:Sclerosing glomerulonephritis and malignant hypertension in a patient with congenital renal dysplasia: A case report. 55 Apr 41


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>