Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) therapy for Onchocerca volvulus infection results in frequent ocular and systemic complications, but the pathogenesis of these complications is unclear. Twenty men with O. volvulus infection were treated over a period of six months with DEC given daily for one week and weekly thereafter. Major systemic and ocular complications included proteinuria, severe pruritus, visual field constriction, optic nerve pallor, chorioretinitis, anterior uveitis, and punctate keratitis. Levels of circulating immune complexes (CICs) were increased (greater than 11% [125I]C1q binding) in 14 of the 20 men prior to treatment. Persons with pretreatment C1q binding activity of greater than 30% were at increased risk to develop constriction of visual fields (P less than 0.05) and proteinuria (P less than 0.015). Linear regression analysis revealed a striking correlation between pretreatment levels of CICs and the total number of both systemic and ocular complications (P less than 0.001) and ocular complications alone (P less than 0.005). These results suggest that CICs may be important in the pathogenesis of the delayed systemic and ocular complications following DEC therapy for O. volvulus infection.
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PMID:Ocular and systemic complications of diethylcarbamazine therapy for onchocerciasis: association with circulating immune complexes. 684 23

This study reports the result of a 12-month, open-label multicenter study of the efficacy and tolerability of pravastatin in the management of hypercholesterolemia associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Pravastatin produced a decrease, in 138 diabetic and 51 non-diabetic patients, in total serum cholesterol by 19 and 20%, in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 25 and 29%, in apolipoprotein B by 15 and 19% and in triglycerides by 8 and 5%, respectively. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased by 9% in both groups. All of these changes were significant (P < 0.001) except for triglycerides changes in non-diabetic patients, where the change was not significant and no significant differences were observed between the two groups. These favorable effects on LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were not influenced by gender, the type of diabetic therapy, baseline hemoglobin A1c levels and by the presence of hypertension or gross proteinuria, although a decrease in the two variables were less in those with body mass index > or = 26.4 kg/m2 or in those with age < 60 years. Adverse experiences were similar between treatment groups and the drug was well tolerated. Only one diabetic patient was withdrawn from the study because of pruritus. Pravastatin produced no change in fasting plasma glucose concentrations and hemoglobin A1c levels in diabetic patients throughout the study. Pravastatin was generally effective in improving the serum lipids of hypercholesterolemic diabetic patients.
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PMID:Long-term efficacy and tolerability of pravastatin in hypercholesterolemia in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Hyogo Pravastatin Study Group. 778 95

In the last ten years ivermectin appeared an efficient and safe alternative to diethylcarbamazine which is known to induce severe adverse reactions in loiasis, including encephalitis. After these results, large scale ivermectin treatments against onchocerciasis were carried out in Central Africa where loiasis is also endemic; and seven cases of severe reaction were reported in Cameroon since 1991, during these mass ivermectin treatments. In order to study adverse reactions in patients harbouring high load of Loa loa microfilariae (mf), we realized careful hospital based treatment in 112 patients with more than 3,000 mf/ml (ml) blood. Patients received once 200 micrograms ivermectin per kilogram at day 0 (D0). Clinical examination was made daily during the four following days (D1 to D4). Blood and urine samples were analysed before treatment and at D1 and D3. Lumbar puncture was made at D1 for 39 patients with more than 10,000 mf/ml; at D3 for the 49 following patients without consideration for the level of parasitaemia, and at D0 and D3 for ten voluntary patients. For analysis the patients were distributed in 3 groups according to initial parasitaemia: the first group included 50% out of the patients, those whose parasitaemia was fewer than 15,000 mf/ml blood; the second group included 25% patients whose parasitaemia was between 15,000 and 30,000 mf/ml; the third group included the last 25% patients whose parasitaemia was higher than 30,000 mf per ml blood. Adverse reactions were observed in 71% out of the patients. Symptoms described were fever, pruritus, headache, arthralgia. Most symptoms appeared 24 to 36 hours after treatment. Temperature increased significantly in group 3. Microfilaraemia decreased by 85% in the 3 groups during the 4 days following treatment. C-reactive-protein increased dramatically after treatment in all patients (p < 10(-4)). Some patients presented blood in urine in three groups but haematuria reached 35% of patients in group 3. Proteinuria is noted among 33% of all patients but 20% in group 1 and 2 versus 70% in group 3. Loa loa mf were observed in urine of half the patients, but in low amounts (< 10 mf per 50 ml urine). In cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF), some mf appeared at D1 or D3 in people heavily infected with Loa loa, reaching 80% of the patients of group 3. LP made at D0 in ten patients with parasitaemia higher than 30,000 mf/ml blood confirmed that CSF was naturally microfilaria free before treatment. One patient presented severe troubles with fever, asthenia and conscience troubles beginning at D3, reactive coma at D4, renal impairment with transitory anuria; progressive improvement in 2 weeks and complete recovery at D22; he presented 102 mf/ml CSF at D6. The study confirmed that ivermectin treatment is generally well tolerated. Among people with high Loa loa parasitaemia the symptoms after treatment are frequent but mild. However severe cases with conscience troubles are possible, and may occur in about 1% of subjects with more than 3,000 mf/ml blood. Severity of adverse reactions was linked to level of parasitaemia before treatment. The critical parasitaemia level which could lead to expect serious adverse effects seems to be 30,000 ml/ml blood. These informations should induce carefulness to carry out large scale treatments against filariosis in endemic areas of Loa loa.
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PMID:[Secondary effects of the treatment of hypermicrofilaremic loiasis using ivermectin]. 855 62

Intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) is advocated as a safe treatment for immune-mediated neurologic disease. We reviewed the medical records of 88 patients who were given IVIg for a neurologic illness. Major complications in four patients (4.5%) included congestive heart failure in a patient with polymyositis, hypotension after a recent myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis in a bed-bound patient, and acute renal failure with diabetic nephropathy. Other adverse effects included vasomotor symptoms 26, headache 23, rash 5, leukopenia 4, fever 3, neutropenia 1, proteinuria (1.9 g/day) 1, viral syndrome 1, dyspnea 1, and pruritus 1. Fifty-two patients (59%) had some adverse effect of IVIg infusion, most commonly vasomotor symptoms, headaches, fever, or shortness of breath in 40 (45%), which improved with reduced infusion rate or symptomatic medications. Five (6%) had asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities and seven (8%) had other minor adverse effects. Adverse effects led to discontinuation of therapy in 16% and permanent termination of therapy in 10% of patients. There was no mortality or long-term morbidity. Although adverse effects were frequent, serious complications were rare except in patients with heart disease, renal insufficiency, and bed-bound state.
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PMID:Complications of intravenous immune globulin treatment in neurologic disease. 930 72

Cryoglobulins are a group of proteins with the common property of precipitating from cooled serum. Cooled cryoglobulinemia is a classic disease caused by immune complexes which subside on vessel walls and produce a clinical picture represented by recurrent purpura, asthenia, arthralgias, Raynaud's phenomenon, glomerulonephritis and sensorimotor neuropathy. The authors describe a case of a patient C.M., 37 years old, with cryoglobulinemia, chronic hepatitis C and gravidic cholestasis at 28 weeks' gestation. The clinical picture worsened with the appearance of mild hypertension with proteinuria and hypochromic anaemia. At 31 weeks' the arthralgic symptomatology and pruritus revealed degeneration with an alteration of glycemic profile values and treatment with rapid human insuline was started. The cardiotocography began to be pathologic and a cesarean section was performed; the newborn weighted 1570 g. Cooled cryoglobulinemia is a pathology which worsens in a gravidic state and can impair the outcome of pregnancy.
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PMID:Essential mixed type II cryoglobulinemia in a HCV positive pregnant woman: case report. 998 69

A 44-year-old patient died from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) after nine years of heavy exposure to cadmium (Cd) in a nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery factory. Two years after starting work he and co-workers had experienced pruritus, loss of smell, nasal congestion, nosebleeds, cough, shortness of breath, severe headaches, bone pain, and proteinuria. Upper back pain and muscle weakness progressed to flaccid paralysis. EMG findings were consistent with motor neuron disease. Cd impairs the blood-brain barrier, reduces levels of brain copper-zinc (Cu-Zn) superoxide dismutase (SOD), and enhances excitoxicity of glutamate via up-regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase and down-regulation of glutamate uptake in glial cells. High levels of methallothionein, a sign of exposure to heavy metals, have been found in brain tissue of deceased ALS patients. The effects of Cd on enzyme systems that mediate neurotoxicity and motor neuron disease suggest a cause effect relationship between Cd and ALS in this worker.
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PMID:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a battery-factory worker exposed to cadmium. 1137 40

We describe a 75-year-old man with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-antineutrophil antibody (ANCA) and proteinase-3 (PR3)-ANCA. He had a slight fever and eruption with itching after taking cimetidine (prescribed after gastrectomy for gastric cancer) and he was admitted to a nearby hospital. There, he showed proteinuria, serum creatinine (sCr) of 2.9 mg/dl, and creatinine clearance (Ccr) of 44 ml/min per 1.73 m2. His MPO-ANCA titer was 267 EU, and PR3-ANCA titer was 112 EU. Abnormal concentrations in bilateral kidneys were found by gallium scintigraphy. For these reasons, he was transferred to our hospital. Percutaneous renal biopsy was performed after admission. Severe tubular atrophy, mild interstitial fibrosis, and severe mononuclear cell infiltration of the interstitium were noted. Drug-induced renal impairment was suspected, and cimetidine administration was withdrawn. Lymphocyte stimulation tests (DLSTs) were performed. The cimetidine titer was positive, at 2,537 cpm. After the withdrawal of cimetidine, the PR3-ANCA titer was reduced gradually, and, next, the MPO-ANCA titer was also reduced. The sCr level was reduced to 1.2 mg/dl. In summary, we report herein the first case of cimetidine-induced TIN associated with both MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA.
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PMID:Cimetidine-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis with both MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA. 1636 62

Clinical manifestations of liver involvement in multiple myeloma (MM) are uncommon. Rare cases of MM present as acute liver disease. We report a case of a 55-year-old woman with MM who presented with painless jaundice, mild pruritus, and abnormal liver function tests resembling acute cholestatic hepatitis without the stigmata of chronic liver disease. Initial laboratories included elevated liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase 74 U/L and alanine aminotransferase 45 U/L) and an elevated white blood cell count of 19,600 cells/microL with 33% circulating plasma cells. Myeloma parameters demonstrated an immunoglobulin G lambda monoclonal protein with lambda light-chain Bence-Jones proteinuria. Bone marrow was hypercellular with 70% plasmacytosis. A liver biopsy revealed a diffuse portal and sinusoidal infiltration of plasma cells with lambda light-chain restriction. In this report, we review the literature of liver involvement in MM.
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PMID:Liver involvement in multiple myeloma. 1802 72

Hypersensitivity to inulin (polyfructan) is a rare event; two cases of food allergy and some patients presenting with allergy and hypersensitivity after inulin infusion have been reported. An 11-year-old boy suffering from severe immunoglobulin (Ig)A nephropathy (IgAN) experienced both anaphylactic reaction and concomitant relapse of his nephropathy following inulin infusion, used for measuring glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 2 years after the appearance of his initial symptoms. Pruritus, wheezing and cough were observed during a first renal function test; results of prick and intradermal tests were negative for inulin. The patient presented with pallor, asthenia and oliguria when a second inulin infusion was performed under dexchlorpheniramine, leading to the immediate cessation of the infusion. He was readmitted 2 days later because of fatigue and nausea related to acute renal failure. A drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis was first suspected. However, due to the presence of macroscopic haematuria and proteinuria, a renal biopsy was performed and showed acute proliferative relapse of IgAN. The underlying mechanism of inulin hypersensitivity is not well known. We can hypothesize that inulin had activated the innate immune system. Inulin may, thus, have been the initiating event of the renal relapse, acting like an infection, in a patient with IgA-mediated immunological dysregulation.
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PMID:'Renal hypersensitivity' to inulin and IgA nephropathy. 1853 47

The ICR-derived glomerulonephritis (ICGN) mouse, an inbred strain with a hereditary nephrotic syndrome, is considered a good animal model of human idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. ICGN mice show proteinuria at a young age, developing hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, anemia and edema later on. However, their behavior associated with pruritus due to renal dysfunction has not been sufficiently investigated. In the present study, we examined whether ICGN mice exhibit the scratching behavior reflecting pruritus. Mice aged 21 or 27 weeks were found to scratch persistently or intermittently, particularly those with scars. Furthermore, the scratching may have reflected a pruritus associated with renal dysfunction because it was inhibited by an opioid antagonist, naltrexone (3 mg/kg), effective against pruritus in hemodialysis patients. The results suggest that the ICGN mouse is a useful model with which to examine pruritus due to renal dysfunction.
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PMID:Scratching behavior of ICR-derived glomerulonephritis (ICGN) mice. 2045 49


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