Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six patients with polycystic hydatid disease (PHD) were treated with 10 mg kg-1 day-1 albendazole. One patient was treated continuously for eight months and another for three months. In three other patients treatment was discontinuous, consisting of a series of at least three 30-day cycles separated by 15 days without treatment. The last patient was treated continuously with 12 mg kg-1 day-1 albendazole for 51 days and then with three 30-day cycles of treatment with 10 mg kg-1 day-1 separated by 15-day drug-free intervals. Follow-up ranged from 10-30 months. Considerable clinical improvement and cyst reduction or disappearance occurred in four patients. Clinical improvement, but no changes in the hepatic alterations detected by computerized tomography, occurred in the other two patients, although a pulmonary cyst disappeared in one of them. Adverse effects were proteinuria, alopecia, leucopenia, itching and discrete elevation in aspartate transaminase, all of them reversed after the end of treatment. These results indicate that albendazole is effective for the treatment of PHD.
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PMID:Polycystic hydatid disease (Echinococcus vogeli). Treatment with albendazole. 141 6

One hundred and forty patients with classic or definite rheumatoid polyarthritis were treated with N2 mercapto-propionly-glycine: thiopronine (Acadione) at an average dose of 1 g per day over a mean duration of 11.7 months + 10.7 months. The retrospective study of these cases, followed between 1980 and 1988 by the same medical team, permits to evaluate the long-term tolerance of the product. Adverse reaction, always subsiding were observed in 55 p. cent of the patients, requiring discontinuation of the treatment in 40 p. cent of the cases. These side effects occur in 3/4 of the cases, during the first 6 months of the treatment. The intolerance mainly affect skin and mucosae: 46 cases (32.8 p. cent) resulting in 32 instances (22.8 p. cent) discontinuation of the treatment because of stomatitis, pruritus, various types of erythema, pemphigus (1 case). Fourteen patients presented a renal failure (10 p. cent) requiring in 8 instances (5.7 p. cent) discontinuation of the thiopronine because of nephrotic syndrome (3 case) and proteinuria (5 cases). Haematological disorders were observed in 13 instances (9.2 p. cent), justifying, in 10 instances (7.1 p. cent) discontinuation of the treatment because of thrombopenia or leucothrombopenia. The other side effects observed are the following: digestive disorders 15 cases (10.7 p. cent) requiring discontinuation of the treatment in 3 instances (2.1 p. cent), agueusia in 6 instances (4.2 p. cent) requiring discontinuation of the treatment in one case; miscellaneous disorders 13.5 p. cent for which the responsibility of thiopronine is not precisely established (especially hepatic cholostasis, muscle disorders), requiring discontinuation the the treatment in 1.4 p. cent of the cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Long-term tolerability of tiopronin (Acadione) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Apropos of 140 personal cases]. 213 12

A 38-year old patient had been suffering, since the age of 17, from membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with chronic atopic eczema and recurrent sinusitis. Bouts of eczema with severe itching occurred simultaneously with sinusitis and proteinuria. Permanently extreme serum IgE levels (greater than 10,000 IU/ml), defective neutrophil chemotaxis and monocyte phagocytic function (Buckley's syndrome) were present. Because cyclosporin reduces excessive IgE levels in Brown Norway rats with mercuric chloride nephritis, we gave the patient this drug in daily doses of 3-4 mg/kg. A dramatic improvement resulted within a few days: itching disappeared, the eczema progressively cleared, proteinuria decreased to less than 0.5 g/day and serum IgE levels to 4000 KIU/l. Reduction of dosage was followed by recurrence of all clinical and biological signs. In spite of the improvement obtained, serum creatinine levels, which were initially high (200-250 mumol/l) rose up to 300 mumol/l after one year of treatment.
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PMID:[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with Buckley's syndrome treated with cyclosporin]. 295 74

An open, noncomparative study at 8 rheumatology centers in Brazil assessed the efficacy and safety of auranofin (AF) when given for up to 24 months. The study enrolled 80 patients with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA); disease was severe in 20 (25%), moderate in 55 (69%), and mild in 5 (6%). Patients received auranofin, 3 mg twice daily, and varying doses of anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroids). Sixty patients (75%) completed the full 24 months of therapy. No patients were withdrawn from therapy because of insufficient therapeutic effect. There was statistically significant improvement (p less than 0.001) in 9 clinical parameters of disease activity, evident as early as 3 months after beginning AF therapy, increasing steadily over 12 months, and remaining at improved levels for another 12 months. Improvements in some parameters were particularly striking. By 24 months, assessment of well-being had increased by 150%, intensity of pain had decreased by 66%, and duration of morning stiffness had decreased by 78%. The average daily dose of anti-inflammatory drugs also decreased over time. The safety profile of AF was similar to that found in comparable trials. Ten patients (12.5%) were withdrawn because of adverse events: 6 for diarrhea (7.5%), 2 for proteinuria (2.5%), and 1 each for pruritus and anemia (1.25%). Adverse events occurred in 24 of 80 patients; some reported more than one adverse event. The most common adverse events were loose stools (20 patients) or diarrhea (11 patients).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Efficacy of auranofin as demonstrated by improvement in clinical parameters and decrease in anti-inflammatory usage: a long-term, multicenter study. 329 82

Data about adverse events can be particularly useful when assessing newly marketed drugs. However, spontaneous reporting of adverse events does not generally provide sufficient or highly accurate data on incidence and prevalence. In order to provide the most complete and accurate data, a postmarketing surveillance program (PMSP) for auranofin (AF) oral gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was conducted in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from December 1982 through December 1985. The objectives of the program were to observe a large population treated with AF for more than a year; to compare the safety profile of AF with experience from clinical trials; and to register rare or previously unknown adverse events. The program included 2,777 patients with RA from 928 test centers. Disease duration was less than 2 years in 29%. 2-5 in 23.2%, 5-10 in 32.5%, and more than 10 in 13.3% (no data for 2%); disease was mild or moderate in 67.4% and severe in 29.9% (no data for 2.7%). Auranofin was given 6 mg/day as either two 3-mg tablets at breakfast or 1 tablet at breakfast and 1 at the evening meal. Laboratory studies and efficacy, as indicated by increase in grip strength and decrease in number of tender and swollen joints, were monitored regularly. A total of 1,595 patients completed 1 year of treatment with AF. Withdrawals included 12.9% for adverse events, 4.2% for insufficient therapeutic effect, and 33.1% for a variety of administrative or technical reasons. The most common adverse event was alteration in stool pattern, which occurred in 22.5% of patients, compared with 46.6% in worldwide AF clinical trials. Other gastrointestinal symptoms occurred in 17.4%, compared with 22.4% worldwide. The occurrence of most adverse events in the PMSP was much less than in worldwide studies, for example: skin rash 7.3% vs. 24.2% worldwide, pruritus 4.2% vs. 16.6%, proteinuria 1.0% vs. 5.0%, and leukopenia 0.7% vs. 1.9%. These discrepancies may be explained by the method of monitoring employed in the postmarketing study, which favored the reporting of only clinically relevant adverse events. The pattern of occurrence of adverse events was similar to that seen during other AF trials, indicating that any intolerance to AF occurs primarily within the first 6 months of treatment. However, hematologic or nephrologic adverse events appear to be independent of time on therapy, with a constant monthly prevalence of about 0.1-0.2%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Postmarketing experience with auranofin in the Federal Republic of Germany. 329 83

In a double-blind controlled clinical trial comparing the safety and efficacy of oral diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) with topical DEC for the treatment of onchocerciasis twenty men with moderate skin-snip microfilarial counts received daily therapy for 1 week, then weekly therapy for the rest of 6 months. The number of microfilariae per skin snip dropped quickly to 2% of initial levels and remained at low levels in those receiving oral DEC, and to 20% of initial levels in patients treated with DEC lotion. Side-effects in both groups included lymphadenopathy, fever, pruritus, rash, proteinuria, and chorioretinitis; they were commoner with topical DEC.
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PMID:Controlled clinical trial of oral and topical diethylcarbamazine in treatment of onchocerciasis. 610 99

Eleven patients with severe, treatment-resistant essential or renovascular hypertension were treated with captopril after withdrawal of various multiple drug regimes. If supine diastolic blood pressure remained greater than 90 mm Hg on a maximum daily dose of 450 mg captopril, a diuretic and then a beta-adrenoceptor blocker were added. Patient-volunteered complaints were carefully noted. Mean (+/- SE) systolic and diastolic blood pressures fell from 225 +/- 6.8/131 +/- 4.4 mm Hg on various multiple drug regimes to 182 +/- 9.0/105 +/- 5.0 mm Hg on a regime including captopril. The reported and observed incidence of adverse effects were as follows: maculopapular rash (one patient); urticaria and pruritus (three patients); loss of taste (one patient); tachycardia (four patients); increased frequency of trivial infections (three patients); severe myalgia (one patient); and deterioration in renal function (one patient). However, these patients were able to continue captopril after either temporary withdrawal or dose reduction. Captopril was discontinued permanently in five patients, in two because of poor blood pressure control, in one who developed persistent severe urticaria, and in one because of marked proteinuria. In the fifth patient intractable diarrhoea occurred. Captopril lowers blood pressure very effectively in patients with severe hypertension refractory to other agents. Adverse effects are common but acceptable in this situation where prognosis is poor if blood pressure is not adequately controlled.
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PMID:Efficacy and adverse effects of captopril in severe refractory hypertension. 617 29

Two hundred six patients were entered into a prospective controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial comparing azathioprine (AZA) 1.25-1.5 mg/kg/day with D-penicillamine (DP) 10-12 mg/kg/day. One hundred thirty-four patients completed 24 weeks of therapy. Improvement in nearly all efficacy variables was seen in both groups. Patients taking DP demonstrated a greater rise in hemoglobin concentration and greater fall in erythrocyte sedimentation rate than patients receiving AZA; these were the only efficacy variables with a significant difference between the treatment groups. Fewer withdrawals for adverse reactions occurred among the patients receiving AZA, but the difference was not significant. Patients receiving AZA were withdrawn from the drug mainly for abnormal liver function test results, nausea and gastrointestinal upset, and leukopenia. The main reasons for withdrawal of patients receiving DP were nausea, rash and pruritus, thrombocytopenia, dysgeusia, and proteinuria.
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PMID:Azathioprine versus D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis patients who have been treated unsuccessfully with gold. 637 8

Auranofin is the first orally active gold compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Like other chrysotherapeutic agents, its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it probably acts via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Although long term clinical experience with auranofin is limited, its efficacy appears to approach that of sodium aurothiomalate. Further comparative studies with aurothioglucose, hydroxychloroquine and D-penicillamine are required before definitive statements can be made regarding the relative efficacy of auranofin and these agents. While patients have demonstrated clinical remission of rheumatoid arthritis in response to auranofin therapy, radiological studies have been inconclusive regarding its effect on the occurrence or progression of erosive lesions. Auranofin is relatively well tolerated in most patients, but diarrhoea, skin rash, and pruritus are sometimes troublesome, and thrombocytopenia and proteinuria are potentially serious side effects which may occur during therapy. Whereas mucocutaneous side effects are more frequent with injectable gold compounds, gastrointestinal reactions are the most common adverse effect seen with auranofin. The frequency of side effects has been similar with auranofin and sodium aurothiomalate, but they are generally less severe with auranofin. While some of the side effects are controlled by a reduction in dosage, temporary or permanent withdrawal of auranofin may be necessary. Auranofin is clearly a useful addition to the limited list of agents with disease-modifying potential presently available for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It will doubtless generate much interest as its final place in therapy becomes better defined through additional well-designed studies and wider clinical experience.
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PMID:Auranofin. A preliminary review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in rheumatoid arthritis. 642 23

The acute and long-term (6 months) effects of captopril (C) were studied in 23 patients with previously uncontrolled severe (DBP greater than 120 mmHg) hypertension of different origin: essential (EH,) n=10, renovascular (RVH) n=9, and renal (RH) n=4. In addition, four patients were treated with renal transplant artery stenosis and hypertension (TRVH), refractory to conventional therapy. Before treatment supine blood pressure (BP, mmHg) averaged: 205/131 (EH), 204/124 (RVH), 207/132 (RH) and 194/117 (TRVH). All patients received diuretics and other antihypertensive drugs, the dosages of which are expressed in arbitrary equivalent units (U) per day (UD = diuretics; UA = other antihypertensive drugs). Antihypertensive therapy before study: UD:EH 1.6; RVH 1.0; UA: EH 7.3; RVH 5.5. After admission, C dosage was increased from 25 mg to a maximum of 150 mg t.i.d. Antihypertensive treatment was reduced as far as possible. DBP decrease after 25 mg C was related to pretreatment PRA in RVH only. After 3 months of C treatment, BP decreased to 190/116 in EH and 145/89 in RVH (EH vs RVH P less than 0.01), 158/98 in RH, and 154/90 in TRVH. After 6 months, BP response was maintained in RH and TRVH. BP increased slightly in RVH to 158/102 mmHg, mainly because of impaired renal function in three patients with bilateral renovascular disease. In EH,BP decreased to 167/109, since three non-responders were taken out of the group. After 6 months, EH still received higher dosages of antihypertensive drugs than RVH. Acute and chronic hypotensive effects of C were not significantly correlated. Side-effects occurred in five patients: skin rash and pruritus [2], taste disturbances [1], proteinuria [1], and acute renal failure in one patient with TRVH. In our hands, captopril in combination with diuretics was significantly more potent in severe RVH than in EH. Dosages and side-effects of other antihypertensive drugs could be markedly reduced in most patients, which may improve long-term drug compliance.
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PMID:The antihypertensive effect of captopril in severe essential, renovascular, renal and transplant renovascular hypertension. 675 59


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