Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-FP) were found at 14, 19, and 21 weeks gestation in the serum of a woman with a history of unexplained fetal death in her previous pregnancies. The alpha-FP concentration of the liquor also was high at 21 weeks and the pregnancy was terminated. Though the fetus was macroscopically normal, measurement of albumin, alpha-FP, IgG, and alpha2-macroglobulin in the fetal urine showed a selective proteinuria, and congenital nephrosis was diagnosed after examination of the fetal kidneys by electron microscopy. Possibly some fetuses reported to be "false-positive for neural tube defect" may have had renal lesions of this nature. Examination of fetal urine may be the simplest initial diagnostic procedure in any future case.
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PMID:Fetal proteinuria in diagnosis of congenital nephrosis detected by raised alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum. 6 73

Sensitivity to cow's whole milk investigated in six patients with the idiopathic nephrotic and an elemental diet was given. After proteinuria had decreased to less than or equal to 500 mg/24 hours on consecutive days patients were challenged with cow's milk. This resulted in the return of significant proteinuria, oedema, and decreased urine volume together with a decrease in serum-IgG concentrations in four patients. Acute alteration of plasma C3 complement component accompanied milk challenge in all 6 patients. There were no consistent alterations in other immunoglobulin concentrations. Intradermal skin testing with cow's milk extract was positive in all patients. These results suggest that in some individuals clinical and biochemical manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome of childhood may be related to hypersensitivity of food products.
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PMID:Severe steroid-responsive nephrosis associated with hypersensitivity. 6 10

Twelve kidney, five biopsy and seven necropsy specimens, all from schistosomiasis mansoni patients were studied by light and immunoflurescent microscopy in an attempt to detect antigen in the glomerular walls. Deposits of IgM, IgG,I gA, IgE, complement C3 and fibrinogen were observered in most cases. Antigen was successfully detected in two cases(one biopsy and one necropsy specimen), both exhibiting proliferative glomerulonephritis. The only clinical manifestation was a slight proteinuria. IgG antibodies eluted from the sutopsy kidney homogenates showed specific binding mostly to Schistosoma mansoni gut, thus spggesting that the fixed antibodies (eluates) are, at least partially, consituted by antibodies similar to the anti-circulating antigen. These data reinfroce the hypothesis that renal injury in schistosomiasis is mediated through an immune complex disease.
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PMID:Human schistosomiasis: Schistosoma mansoni antigen detection in renal glomeruli. 6 11

The serum and urine levels of alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha2-MG) was determined in 33 children with glomerular diseases and in 26 healthy control children. Healthy children showed a minimum level of 275 mg% and maximum level of 337 mg%, with a mean concentration of 301 mg% and a standard deviation of 13 mg%. No alpha2-MG was detected in the urine. Steroid-treated patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome displayed elevated inhibitor levels of up to 490 mg%. This might be a direct result of steroid therapy or a consequence of reactively-increased protein synthesis in response to the renal protein loss. In all these patients the urine was found to be alpha2-MG-negative, irrespective of the presence or absence of proteinuria. In the miscellaneous group of glomerulopathies without the nephrotic syndrome, serum levels of alpha2-MG were shown to be normal. The urinary concentrations of alpha2-MG were related to the activity of the disease. alpha2-MG determination in serum and urine seems to be a tool for differential diagnosis and prognosis in some cases of glomerular disease.
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PMID:[Alpha-2-macroglobulin in children with glomerular diseases (author's transl)]. 6 38

The Authors are presenting a concise review on a protein, beta2-microglobulin, that has gained in notable importance in the immunological field during these last years. The story of this protein begins with nephrology because it has a notable importance in the diagnosis of renal tubular diseases; in fact its presence in the electrophoretic pattern of proteinuria puts in evidence renal tubular damage. Nextly immunological studies have shown the beta2-microglobulin has strict correlations with the HL-A system; probably it forms a part of this system, as shown by the new immunofluorescent methods applied to the lymphocte. A recent study has shown also the beta2-microglobulin serum levels are very high in some malignant diseases, like in acute leukemia; however this low molecular weight protein could also be the expression of malignancy because it can be a product of non mature cells in a large quantity.
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PMID:[Immunological importance of a new protein: the beta2-microglobulin (author's transl)]. 6 43

We evaluated the use of immunonephelometric methods for measuring specific urinary proteins. Using a nephelometer to detect light scattering (angle, 31 degrees), we measured some proteins immunonephelometrically in serum and aliquots of 24-h urines from 50 apparently healthy children, ages 2-17 years. The mean urinary excretion rate (mg/24h) and the range of values was: for albumin 5.5 (range, 0-13.3), for transferrin 0.5 (0-1.9, for IgG 3.3 0-12), and for alpha 2-macroglobulin 0.6 (0-2.3). Direct comparison of the values for pathological urines with those for a reference population may offer more meaningful information concerning the integrity of the glomerular basement membrane than is provided by protein selectivity indices, and measuring a plasma protein such as albumin in urine may better define pathological proteinuria.
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PMID:New approach to evaluation of proteinuric states. 6 6

An amyloid-like fibrillar substance was obtained under certain chemical conditions from the urine of 11 patients with amyloid nephropathy who had been given a test dose of dimethyl sulphoxide. This fibrillar material could not be produced in the urine from 9 patients with proteinuria due to other causes. This finding may be useful in the diagnosis of amyloid nephropathy and could lead to a new approach to thearpy.
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PMID:Effect of a single dose of dimethyl sulphoxide on renal amyloidosis. 6 23

"Minamata disease" was found among the residents along Minamata bay contaminated with the effluent from an industrial plant using mercury. The patients were suffering from various neurologic disorders primarily due to organic mercury poisoning. Evidence is described of renal tubular dysfunction associated with this disease by the immunochemical demonstration or renal tubular epithelial antigen and beta-2-microglobulin in the urine. Nineteen patients with Minamata disease and 35 diseased and healthy control subjects were examined. The contents of urinary renal tubular epithelial antigen and beta-2-microglobulin, and the ratios of these proteins to albumin in individuals with Minamata disease were significantly different from the levels in healthy control subjects (P less than 0.05) were identical to those found in patients with tubular and the values, proteinuria. These results indicate that Minamata disease is associated with renal tubular dysfunction, and also suggest that these procedures would be useful for screening the nephrotoxicity in the environmental exposure of heavy metals.
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PMID:Renal tubular dysfunction in Minamata disease. Detection of renal tubular antigen and beta-2-microglobin in the urine. 6 93

Main components of kinin system, the arginine-esterase activity and proteinase inhibitors were estimated in blood serum of patients with nephrotic syndrome of various etiology (glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis, systemic lupus erythematous) and also in patients with latent nephritis and in healthy donors. Content of all the kinin system components (kallikreinogen, kininogen and kininase 1) proved to be increased in all the forms of nephropathy studied. Free kallikrein was found in blood serum of patients with nephrotic syndrome as distinct from healthy persons and patients with latent nephritis. The arginine-esterase activity, which shows the level of trypsin-like proteinases, was altered dissimilarly, depending on the nephrotic syndrome etiology: it was maximally increased in nephrotic syndrome of amyloid genesis and decreased in patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. High content of kallikrein and kininase I with simultaneous decrease in kininogen was typical for patients with severe form of nephrotic syndrome. Impairment of kidney in nephrotic syndrome was also characterized by an increase in alpha1-antitrypsin and in the total antitryptic activity, which reached the maximal value in nephrotic syndrome of the I degree and decreased at the II degree of the disease. In nephrotic syndrome content of alpha2-macroglobulin was maximally increased at the II degree of nephrotic syndrome and decreased in severe form of the disease. The primary alteration in content of proteinase inhibitors and high level of kinin system components were assumed to determine the conditions for activation of kinin system in blood serum and to impair the nephrotic syndrome pathogenesis, which was complicated by systemic manifestations. High content of kinin system components was apparently determined by the increased synthesis in liver tissue in response to inflammation and massive proteinuria; kininase I and alpha2-macrolgobulin, as proteins with high molecular weight, were likely to be selectively retained in blood circulation when the capillary penetration was increased.
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PMID:[State of the kinin system and level of serum proteinase inhibitors in latent nephritis and the nephrotic syndrome of different etiology]. 7 Jan 11

Addition of albumin, gamma-globulin, alpha-casein or submaxillary mucin to the assay system for chromogenic measurement of human or rat amylase with blue starch increased the amylase activity, albumin having the most effect. These proteins seemed to increase the activity by protecting amylase from inactivation. Amylase activity was higher in urine samples showing proteinuria than in urine samples without detectable protein. It is concluded that amylase assay is more reliable when a final concentration of albumin of 1 mg per ml is added at the dilution step and at the incubation step.
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PMID:Effects of albumin and other proteins during assay of amylase activity. 7 Feb 83


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