Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to investigate the effect of cadmium-metallothionein (Cd-MT) on renal reabsorption of collagen metabolites, urinary excretion of hydroxylysine (Hyl), glucosyl-galactosyl-Hyl (Glc-Gal-Hyl), galactosyl-Hyl (Gal-Hyl), and hydroxyproline (Hyp), which are unique collagen metabolites, was determined in rats. Administration of Cd-MT resulted in acute renal failure in the form of proteinuria, aminoaciduria and glycosuria. Protein content in urine was greatly increased 1 day after injection of Cd-MT and decreased from 5 days, while the maximum levels of excretion of amino acids and glucose were observed at 6 days post-injection. The urinary excretion of total Hyp and Hyl, including Glc-Gal-Hyl, Gal-Hyl and free Hyl, were significantly increased at 3, 6 and 8 days after injection of Cd-MT with the maximum level at 6 days. Moreover, the molar ratio of Glc-Gal-Hyl/Gal-Hyl of urine in the Cd-MT-treated group was almost the same as that in the controls. These results suggest that a portion of Hyp, Hyl and its glycosides is normally reabsorbed from the renal tubule in the controls, and Cd-MT exposure caused an increase in urinary excretions of Hyp and Hyl, including its glycosides, through a renal tubular defect in reabsorption of Hyl in the same manner as with common amino acids.
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PMID:Increased urinary excretion of collagen metabolites in cadmium-metallothionein nephropathy. 343 83

Despite the widespread use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the current number of reported cases of poisoning is small. However, with the introduction of 'over-the-counter' preparations of NSAIDs in some countries (e.g. ibuprofen in the UK and USA) an increased incidence of acute poisoning from this group of drugs can be expected. Conventionally, NSAIDs are divided into the following groups based on their chemical structure: arylpropionic acids, indole and indene acetic acids, heteroarylacetic acids, fenamates, phenylacetic acids, pyrazolones and oxicams. Unless NSAIDs are ingested in substantial overdose, acute poisoning with these agents does not usually result in significant morbidity or mortality. In most cases the clinical features are mild and confined to the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, though acute renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, respiratory depression, coma, convulsions, cardiovascular collapse and cardiac arrest may complicate severe poisoning. Arylpropionic acid derivatives were thought initially to have a low order of toxicity in overdose but, in addition to anticipated gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, tinnitus, hyperventilation, sinus tachycardia, hypoprothrombinaemia, haematuria, proteinuria and acute renal failure have been described. In addition, drowsiness, coma, nystagmus, diplopia, hypothermia, hypotension, respiratory depression and cardiac arrest have been reported in severe cases of poisoning. Oxyphenbutazone and phenylbutazone are considerably more toxic in overdose. Complications of severe poisoning include coma, convulsions, hepatic dysfunction, acute renal failure, sodium and water retention, haematuria, cardiovascular collapse, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, hypoprothrombinaemia and thrombocytopenia. In contrast, indomethacin appears to be much less toxic. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, indomethacin taken in overdose induces headache, tinnitus, dizziness, lethargy, drowsiness, confusion, disorientation and restlessness. Only 1 case of acute sulindac poisoning has been reported in the literature. A 16-year-old boy was admitted with hypokalaemia (2.2 mmol/L), transient granulocytosis and 'scanty' haematemesis after ingesting 12 g sulindac. No case of acute tolmetin poisoning have been reported. The fenamates (flufenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid) are, with the exception of mefenamic acid, not as widely prescribed as other groups of NSAIDs. In overdose, mefenamic acid may result in nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle twitching, convulsions and coma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Acute poisoning due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clinical features and management. 353 13

Between January 1982 and December 1986, among the 750 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who were treated at two adjacent hospitals in New York City, 78 (10.4 percent) needed evaluation for renal disorders. Reversible acute renal failure due to nephrotoxic injury, ischemic injury, or both was present in 23 patients (30 percent) (Group I). The remaining 55 (70 percent) had massive proteinuria, azotemia, or both (AIDS-associated nephropathy; Group II), and irreversible uremia developed in 43. In an additional 18 patients, all of whom had a history of intravenous narcotic drug use, AIDS was diagnosed after the initiation of maintenance hemodialysis for chronic renal failure (Group III). Survival for more than six months after the onset of chronic uremia occurred in only two subjects in Group II; all patients in Group III died within three months of the diagnosis of AIDS. Death in the patients in Groups II and III followed a syndrome of "failure to thrive" characterized by inanition unresponsive to intensive nutritional support and hemodialysis. In contrast, 8 of 17 patients with acute renal failure (Group I) and a serum creatinine concentration above 6 mg per deciliter regained renal function (serum creatinine level, less than 2.0 mg per deciliter). Four of the seven lived for 10 to 24 months, whereas the other four died of sepsis within a month. Our observations suggest that maintenance hemodialysis is not effective in prolonging life either in patients with AIDS-associated nephropathy and uremia or in patients with end-stage renal failure in whom AIDS develops during the course of maintenance dialysis. Hemodialysis may be useful in the management of potentially reversible acute renal failure in patients with AIDS.
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PMID:The types of renal disease in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 356 58

Diffuse bilateral infiltration of the kidneys by lymphoma cells is a rare but well-documented cause of acute renal failure (ARF). Only 51 such cases have been reported, 15 of which had ARF as the initial presentation of lymphoma. The clinical and pathologic features of these 15 cases and of two additional cases reported herein are reviewed. The diagnosis should be suspected in a patient with ARF, bilateral enlargement of the kidneys, minimal proteinuria, nonspecific findings on urinalysis, and absence of features of allergic tubulointerstitial nephritis. Renal imaging techniques may suggest the possibility of lymphomatous infiltration, but only renal biopsy or autopsy can provide a definitive diagnosis. Although modern chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy usually leads to a dramatic normalization of renal function, almost all patients eventually die of widespread recurrent lymphoma, despite the absence of clinical or pathologic involvement of the kidneys at the time of death.
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PMID:Primary renal lymphoma presenting as acute renal failure. 359 95

High doses of intravenously and intramuscularly administered oxytetracycline were believed to be responsible for acute renal failure in a dehydrated cow. Signs of renal disease included oliguria, perirenal edema, marked azotemia, moderate proteinuria, tubular casts in urinary sediment, and inability to concentrate urine. Concurrent intravenous administration of fluids and diuretics (mannitol and furosemide) resulted in reestablishment of normal urine production. Because of its nephrotoxic potential, oxytetracycline should be used cautiously and at recommended dosages in ruminants that have prerenal azotemia or otherwise reduced renal function.
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PMID:Acute renal failure associated with administration of excessive amounts of tetracycline in a cow. 369 19

A series of 89 adult-onset nephrotic patients with minimal changes on renal biopsy was analyzed to compare the rate of response to corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents and the stability of remission or frequency of relapses at different ages. Severe hypertension and diminished renal function were more common in patients aged over 60 years, who formed 22.5% of the group. Seventy-five patients were given a first course of prednisolone in an initial dose of 60 mg/24 hr. After an eight week course of tapering doses of corticosteroids, only 45 of the 75 patients were in complete remission, 55 patients after 16 weeks and eventually 58 lost their proteinuria. The respective estimates of remission were 60%, 76% and 81%. Subsequently, of the 58 treated patients who responded, 24% never relapsed. Fifty-six percent of the patients relapsed on a single occasion or infrequently, and only 21% were frequent relapsers. Cyclophosphamide was used in 36 patients, in two as initial treatment, in 11 because of corticosteroid resistance, and in the remainder because of relapses. The time-course of loss of proteinuria was similar to that following treatment with corticosteroids, 25 (69%) losing proteinuria within 16 weeks. Only four patients failed to lose their nephrotic syndrome. Two of them had presented in acute renal failure and all four were over 60 years of age. The stability of remission after cyclophosphamide was better than that reported for children, only 13 of 36 showing relapses and 66% being in remission at five years, after which no further relapses were seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Adult-onset minimal change nephrotic syndrome: a long-term follow-up. 374 35

The long-term clinical course of sporadic, acute endocapillary glomerulonephritis of poststreptococcal type is reported. In all cases, the diagnosis was established by renal biopsies and in most cases by clinical tests. The study is based on retrospective/prospective data from 36 children and 101 adults in the Federal Republic of Germany, Luxemburg, and Austria. In 72 patients (21 children, 51 adults) the disease course was clinically followed over periods of 2-13 years (clinical features: blood pressure, serum creatinine, proteinuria, hematuria). In this group, the number of clinical recoveries (i.e., all features within strictly defined normal ranges) increased with increasing length of observation. Children showed more rapid clinical recovery. 29% of the children and 41% of the adults showed no clinical recovery. Out of all 137 patients, 3 progressed to chronic renal failure, and 4 other patients died. Cases with an initial nephrotic syndrome had a significantly poorer long-term prognosis (p less than 0.005). Initial elevation of serum creatinine concentration due to acute renal failure did not influence the long-term prognosis. Our results indicate that the acute endocapillary glomerulonephritis of poststreptococcal type has a slow tendency towards clinical recovery under good hygienic conditions and if unaccompanied by nephrotic syndrome in the initial phase.
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PMID:Long-term prognosis for endocapillary glomerulonephritis of poststreptococcal type in children and adults. 374 51

Between January 1979 and June 1985, 10 patients with acute allergic interstitial nephritis were seen in a clinical nephrology service at a large regional hospital. The onset of renal failure was temporally related to the use of a drug: a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) (in four patients), cimetidine (in three), antibiotics (in two) or allopurinol (in one). The onset of renal failure was acute in three patients and insidious in seven. Two patients also exhibited marked proteinuria. Clinical features such as fever, rash, hematuria, pyuria with or without eosinophiluria, and mild to marked proteinuria had led to suspicion of the disease. The diagnosis was confirmed by renal biopsy findings of inflammatory cells, predominantly lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils. Three patients required hemodialysis; two of them received steroids as well. Steroid therapy was also used in two patients with NSAID-induced proteinuria. Renal function improved in nine patients by 35 days, but one patient continued to have slow but progressive deterioration of renal function. Acute interstitial nephritis can be distinguished from other forms of acute renal failure by heavy renal uptake of gallium 67, maximal 48 hours or more after injection. The improvement in renal function after discontinuation of the implicated drug, the characteristic histopathological findings of allergic interstitial nephritis, and the presence of eosinophils and sometimes IgE in the blood suggest a hypersensitivity reaction.
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PMID:Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis: report of 10 cases. 377 58

Fourty-four children with Henoch-Schoenlein nephritis were studied at the onset of the nephropathy and during a follow-up from 6 to 110 months. The extra-renal manifestations were purpura (100%), abdominal pain (63.5)% or melena (27%), arthlagias (61.5%), neurological symptoms with convulsions (4.5%) and retinal involvement (4.5%). The clinical presentation of the nephropathy consisted in haematuria and proteinuria (41%), isolated haematuria (30%), acute renal failure (ARF) (23%), nephrotic syndrome (4%) or isolated proteinuria (2%). Hypertension was present in 17 patients. Renal biopsy was performed in 18 patients and the glomerular changes were graded according to the classification of ISKDC; the renal histopathology ranged from minimal lesions to severe crescentic glomerulonephritis and was found to correlate with clinical state. Twenty-four patients, who showed severe clinical presentation and/or diffuse mesangial proliferation with high proportion of crescents, received a corticosteroid therapy. Most of our patients followed a relatively benign course: all but one of patients with ARF have normal renal function at the end of follow-up and no patients with less severe renal presentation got a bad outcome. Only 2 patients showed relapse of nephropathy and purpura at the 6th and 8th year of follow-up, respectively. After 24 months of follow-up the clinical outcome of a group of 19 patients receiving corticosteroid therapy was not very different from that of 11 untreated patients.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of the nephropathy in Schoenlein-Henoch syndrome]. 378 92

A case of nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure in a 74-year-old man with latent syphilis is described. A renal biopsy demonstrated focal global sclerosis in three of nine glomeruli, however, the remaining glomeruli revealed typical lesions of minimal change disease. Previous reports of renal involvement in syphilis have described membranous glomerulonephritis, mesangial and endothelial cell proliferative glomerulonephritis, and, recently, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. The proteinuria and renal failure resolved after penicillin therapy alone. This response strongly suggested that there was a causal relationship between the syphilis and the nephrotic syndrome. This is the first report of such a relationship.
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PMID:Renal disease and syphilis: a report of nephrotic syndrome with minimal change disease. 382 66


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