Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a controlled trial, symptomatic treatment alone, or 12 weeks of cyclophosphamide or azathioprine were compared in Nigerian children with nephrotic syndrome (mainly quartan malarial nephropathy) and poorly selective proteinuria. Full remission in 2 patients in each of the two groups treated with drugs, and diminution of proteinuria in most patients in the cyclophosphamide group showed possible evidence of benefit. Infections during treatment were significantly more common in the drug-treated groups but were controllable. Mortality from renal failure in the 2nd year after treatment was significantly greater in the azathioprine-treated group than in the other two, suggesting that the drug may have exacerbated the nephritis. The 5-year survival rate was similar in the cyclophosphamide and the control group.
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PMID:A controlled trial of cyclophosphamide and azathioprine in Nigerian children with the nephrotic syndrome and poorly selective proteinuria. 37 45

A questionnaire survey and review of the literature show that pregnancy can be well tolerated in most women with renal transplants. Fifty-two per cent of the renal transplant recipients who became pregnant had full-term infants with no serious complications. With therapeutic abortions, excluded, 71% of the 308 pregnancies permitted to continue resulted in full-term infants. Rejection episodes were occasionally a serious problem, occurring in 9% of the pregnancies. Mechanical interference with renal excretion or preventing vaginal delivery occurred in 5.6% of the cases. Hypertension and proteinuria, often existing prior to pregnancy, became frequently increased during pregnancy. Infections not associated with rejection were common but easily controlled in most cases. Prematurity was frequent but related to renal function and the time interval from transplant to conception. The most serious infant complications were related to prematurity. Unknown is the future of these infants and their progeny because of their intrauterine exposure to immunosuppressive drugs.
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PMID:Pregnancy in renal transplant patients: a review. 37 91

Chronic atrophic pyelonephritis is associated with vesicoureteric reflux in infancy. Reflux disappears during childhood in 50% of cases. It is more commonly detected in infants (49%) and children (26%) with infection than in adults (4.4%). Severe reflux may persist in adults and is usually (94%) associated with scarring. Patients with end-stage renal failure due to pyelonephritis are much younger than patients with end-stage renal failure due to other causes. The incidence of reflux according to sex is equal in infancy, but after infancy both pyelonephritic scarring and reflux are far more common in females. Infection is the likely cause of progressive scarring in females. Hypertension is associated with chronic atrophic pyelonephritis. Proteinuria is the worst prognostic feature in patients with reflux nephropathy and pyelonephritic scarring. Intrarenal reflux determines the site of scarring. The role of surgical correction of vesicoureteric reflux remains uncertain, but meticulous control of infection appears to prevent progressive scarring.
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PMID:Reflux nephropathy and chronic atrophic pyelonephritis: a review. 73 56

Lipid A antibody titers were measured by the passive hemolysis test in 349 humans. In two out of 20 healthy adults and 16 out of 18 children with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in the presence of anomalies anti-lipid A antibodies were present. In contrast, no titers were found in 23 newborn babies. In a group of 156 patients with acute UTI, 28% revealed positive titers, whereas in a group of 132 patients with recurrent UTI titers occurred in 81%. In a selected group of 132 patients with recurrent infections of the upper tract 59 (=96%) showed definite titers. There was no difference in the development of anti-lipid A antibodies between men and women and the height of the titers did not correlate with the clinical picture of the disease (acute or chronic). The combination of proteinuria and anti-lipid A antibodies indicates the presence of recurrent UTI or chronic pyelonephritis with about 90% accuracy. The titers are caused by immunogenically active lipid A in the body. Since lipid A has the ability to remain in the renal tissue for a long period of time and thereby to maintain the inflamatory response, long-term antimicrobial prophylaxis (six months) should be given to patients with a high risk of recurrent UTI.
Infection 1977
PMID:[Occurence, significance and clinical consequences of lipid A antibody titers in patients with urinary tract infection (author's transl)]. 91 62

Seventy-five patients with congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type were identified in Finland in the period 1965-1973, giving an incidence of 12-2/10(5). A large placenta and proteinuria from birth are the hallmarks of the disease. About one-quarter of the patients had oedema and/or abdominal distension at birth and in all cases the full nephrotic syndrome was documented before 2 months. More than half of the patients died before 6 months and none lived longer than 2 years 3 months. A slight rise in blood urea nitrogen or serum creatinine levels occurred in 14 cases, but in none of these did a frank uraemia develop before death. Infection appeared to be the immediate cause of death in 31% of the cases; in 43% no cause of death other than congenital nephrotic syndrome could be shown. Thrombi in large vessels were found in 11 out of 58 necropsies.
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PMID:Congenital nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type. Study of 75 patients. 93 78

A review of 869 cases of multiple myeloma seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1960 through 1971 revealed that 98% of patients were 40 years of age or older and that 61% of them were males. Inital findings were bone pain in 68% of patients, anemia in 62%, renal insufficiency in 55%, hypercalcemia in 30%, a palpable liver in 21%, and a palpable spleen in 5%. Proteinuria was noted in 88% and Bence Jones proteinuria was identified in 49%. Skeletal roentgenographic abnormalities were seen in 79%. Serum protein electrophoresis showed a spike in 76%, hypogammaglobulinemia in 9%, and minor or no abnormalities in 15%, and a globulin spike was seen 75% of the urinary electrophoretic patterns. Immunoelectrophoresis of the serum revealed a monoclonal heavy chain in 83% and a monoclonal light chain in the serum, in 8% (Bence Jones proteinemia). Three patients had no monoclonal protein in the serum or the urine ("nonsecretory"). Amyloidosis was found in 7% of the patients. Follow-up information was obtained in 99.7% ; 82% of the 869 patients have died. Infection and renal insufficiency were the most common specific causes of death. The median survival was 20 months; 66% of the patients were alive at 1 year and 18% at 5 years.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma: review of 869 cases. 1252 72

Infection in ventriculo-atrial shunts implanted for relief of raised intracranial pressure may, in rare cases, result in glomerulonephritis (shunt-nephritis). Most frequently, infection with low-virulent bacteria is concerned. This results in mild or subclinical symptoms with the subsequent risk that the condition is overlooked. The glomerular damage is considered to be precipitated by deposition of immune complexes in the kidneys and subsequent activation of the complement system. The renal manifestations consist of varying degrees of proteinuria, haematuria and reduction of renal function. Treatment consists of removal of the shunt. If continued relief of pressure in the ventricular system is necessary, a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt should be implanted. Normally, the prognosis of the renal disease is good. If the diagnosis and treatment are delayed, irreversible renal damage may result. Regular control of urine (proteinuria, haematuria) and blood (Hb, serumcreatinine and serum complement) are recommended in the follow up control of patients with ventriculo-atrial shunts.
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PMID:[Shunt-nephritis]. 173 30

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can cause a spectrum of renal disease, termed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) nephropathy. The most common clinical manifestations of kidney involvement in HIV-1-infected patients are proteinuria and/or nephrotic syndrome, and the histopathological pattern usually reveals focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. We describe an 8-year-old child with AIDS who presented with recurrent gross hematuria. A kidney biopsy demonstrated IgA nephropathy. This unique case indicates that the range of kidney disease in HIV-infected children may be broader than originally thought, and that these patients warrant a complete evaluation of any renal abnormality.
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PMID:IgA nephropathy in a child with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. 176 86

In this review of 159 pts with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) followed for 18 years, 78 pts had major infections (20/100 pt-years). Patients with infection had a higher incidence of proteinuria, central nervous system involvement, the use of methylprednisolone boluses and mortality rate. Infection was independent of the amount of steroids and immunosuppressor drugs used. Microorganisms were isolated in 77% of the cases, gram negative enterobacteria were the most common isolates. 30% of the pts had pulmonary infection; and 84% of the infections happened during steroid therapy. Immunosuppression was associated to repeated infections. The 19 pts with fatal infections had a higher frequency of pneumonia and septicemia, and received high doses of steroids (> or = 40 mg). No relation to immunosuppression was found in this group. In 26% opportunistic microorganisms were isolated in association to the use of high doses of steroids. Even if survival of SLE has improved in the last 40 years, infections are still an important cause of mortality, most of them related to aggressive steroid therapy.
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PMID:[Infections in systemic lupus erythematosus]. 184 4

A study was carried out in the Babana District of Borgu Local Government Areas in Kwara State, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among schoolchildren. Of 425 pupils found and examined in nine communities, 193 (45.4%) were infected. Infection rates for boys and girls (44.7% and 47.9%, respectively) were not significantly different (P greater than 0.5). Children between 11 years and 13 years of age had the highest prevalence (59.2%), while those between 5 years and 7 years had the lowest (33.6%). However, the proportion (25.9%) of children excreting at least 1000 eggs/10-ml urine sample during their first decade of life was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than for pupils who were older. There was a positive relationship between schistosomal infection and the prevalence of haematuria and proteinuria. Thus, the prevalences of haematuria and proteinuria were significantly higher among the infected than among the non-infected pupils (P less than 0.01). All the pupils with heavy haematuria (n = 45) and those with heavy proteinuria (n = 14) had at least 150 eggs/10-ml urine sample and 1000 eggs/10-ml urine sample, respectively.
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PMID:Schistosoma haematobium infection among schoolchildren in the Babana district, Kwara State, Nigeria. 285 64


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