Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cohort of 766 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) from a general teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan were followed prospectively to assess survival experience and associated risk factors. Data were abstracted from the medical records and additional information was obtained from patients or their closest relatives using a structured questionnaire. Date and cause of death were determined from death certificates. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated by the direct method. Chi2-Square test and Cox's proportional hazard analysis were used to control for potential confounders. During a median follow-up of 3.5 years (range 1 month to 4.6 years), 131 deaths occurred. Of these, 29.8% were due to cardiopulmonary disease (ICD 401-429), 13.0% due to cerebrovascular disease (ICD 430-438), 13.0% due to acute diabetes metabolic complications (250.1, 250.2), and 11.4% due to nephropathy (580-589). Adjusted for age, people with NIDDM had 2.2 (95% CI 1.6-2.9) times the risk of death than members of the general population, and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios were: CPD 4.6, nephropathy 8.8, cerebrovascular disease 1.9, and neoplasm 0.7. Age, fasting plasma glucose, hypertension, and proteinuria were positively and independently associated with all-cause mortality (P < 0.05 for each). Thus, NIDDM patients have higher mortality rates than the general population in Taiwan, and age, fasting plasma glucose, hypertension, and proteinuria are associated with this excess risk. Proper application of available interventions may control these factors with a consequent reduction in mortality. Particular attention is needed to prevent deaths from the acute metabolic complications of diabetes.
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PMID:Causes of death and associated factors among patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Taipei, Taiwan. 1022 62

In Italy, referral of diabetic patients for pancreas transplantation (PT) is an unstructured process, resulting in a low rate of activity and late referrals, often when the patient has already undergone dialysis. In addition, the continuous improvement in pancreas transplant alone, offering the opportunity to reduce cardiovascular risk due to proteinuria and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), is rarely appreciated. We therefore analyzed (1) referral activity to PT during the time frame 2001-2005 in Emilia-Romagna, Italy (four million inhabitants), by collecting ICD 9 CM codes (55.69 + 52.80; 52.86 and 52.80 alone) by residence of the patient; (2) demand for PT among a sample population of 1670 diabetes patients, whose charts were reviewed for the type of diabetes and presence of overt diabetic nephropathy (DN: proteinuria >300 mg/24 h and/or GFR <60 mL/min); (3) potential pancreas availability as the ratio between pancreas and hearts utilized (UP/HR) in different areas of our country. As a results, (1) referral activity reached 8.4 PT per million people in 5 years in the whole region, ranging from 2.6 in the province where a PT program is active, to a maximum value of 20.7 in the province where a devoted outpatient clinic is operated by nephrologists. (2) Prevalence of overt DN was 6% in our cohort, corresponding to 510 D1 patients worthy of evaluation for PT inside Emilia-Romagna region. (3) During 2006, UP/HR was 0.58 in Associazione Inter-Regionale Trapianti agency, 1.16 in Tuscany, 0.30 in Piedmont, and 0.26 in our region. Taken together, our data showed that (1) the referral of D1 to PT has to be empowered, keeping in touch with all patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy; (2) the outpatient clinic devoted to evaluation and recruitment of D1 with nephropathy plays the key role in this program of timely and widespread referral; (3) the availability of pancreata can be increased by utilizing broader criteria for harvesting, increased consent rate to donation and increased the demand for PT (recipient pool). Pancreas grafts need to increase, since the current low demand produces underutilization of the pancreas resource, due to the frequent lack of a suitable recipient.
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PMID:Pancreas transplantation inside Emilia-Romagna, Italy: referral pattern, demand forecasting, and organ availability. 1867 21

The present study was carried out on the hospitalized geriatric general medical patients with the aim to identify the possible risk factors associated with delirium in the elderly. The assessment of the patients was carried out using Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Delirium Symptom Interview (DSI), Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) and ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research for delirium Details of medical records were collected. An overall rate of delirium of 27% was found in the 100 patients who constituted the sample. Pre-existing cognitive deficits, neurological illnesses, urinary tract infections, visual impairment, hearing impairment, current proteinuria, leukocytosis, raised blood ammonia, hyponatremia and potassium level disturbances were the risk factors identified.
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PMID:Risk factors in delirious geriatric general medical inpatients. 2120 82

Preglomerular arteriopathy (PA) induced by hyperuricemia contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) are antioxidant ingredients thought to assist in preventing hyperuricemia. However, the underlying mechanism by which GTPs affect renal function remains unclear. Both normal and remnant kidney (RK) rats were administrated oxonic acid (OX) to induce hyperuricemia. The hyperuricemia RK rats were concomitantly treated with GTPs. Hematoxlyin-eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining methods were used to examine renal function and arterial morphology. The expression of proteins in the Jagged1/Notch1 pathway was assessed via immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and western blotting techniques. Our results showed that an RK rat model with preglomerular vascular disease had been successfully established. Treatment of the RK rats with GTPs effectively alleviated the damage due to preglomerular arteriopathy, significantly alleviated pathological symptoms, and reduced the levels of proteinuria, serum UA, BUN, and creatinine. Our results also suggested involvement of the Jagged1/Notch1 pathway in the preglomerular vascular lesions. The levels of Jagged1, Notch1-ICD, Hes5, and p-STAT3 were significantly decreased in RK + OA-treated rats when compared with those in RK rats. Treatment with GTPs upregulated the levels of Jagged1, Notch1, Hes5, p-STAT3, and MnSOD2, and downregulated xanthine oxidase (XO) expression in rats with preglomerular arteriopathy. However, the beneficial effects of GTPs were lost when the Jagged1/Notch1-STAT3 pathway was inactivated by siRNA. In conclusion, GTPs exert a therapeutic effect on perglomerular arteriopathy. Our results also revealed a novel mechanism that mediates preglomerular arteriopathy, and suggest GTPs as effective novel renal protective agents.
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PMID:Green tea polyphenols protect against preglomerular arteriopathy via the jagged1/notch1 pathway. 3041 68

Several recent clinical trials and meta-analyses have shown that lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, current evidence that describes general demographics in blood pressure and mortality with chronic kidney disease is sparse in Japan. Using a population-based longitudinal cohort that received annual health checkups in Japan in 2008, hypertensive status, self-reported use of antihypertensive drugs, and prognosis were examined through 2012. Chronic kidney disease was defined as positive proteinuria or estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Subjects were 40 to 74 years old (n = 227,204) with median 3.6 years follow-up period, and patients with and without chronic kidney disease were analyzed separately (n = 183,586 and n = 43,618, respectively). Cardiovascular disease mortality, comprising coronary heart diseases and stroke as entered in the national death registry using ICD-10 coding, was examined. Among all subjects, 346 deaths (96 in chronic kidney disease and 250 in non-chronic kidney disease) due to cardiovascular disease occurred. Compared with cardiovascular disease mortality in chronic kidney disease patients with untreated normal blood pressure, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio was 3.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.75-5.41) for those with untreated hypertension, 2.30 (1.31-4.03) for those who became normotensive after treatment, and 3.28 (1.91-5.64) for those who remained hypertensive despite treatment. In non-chronic kidney disease subjects, the ratios were 1.90 (1.33-5.41), 1.95 (1.35-2.80), and 1.77 (1.18-2.66), respectively. These results from a nationwide cohort could be one of representative demographics of controlling blood pressure and cardiovascular disease deaths when treating patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan in recent years. Even after development and spread of anti-hypertensive drugs, preventing development of hypertension is preferable, because any hypertension treatment status comparing untreated normal blood pressure was a risk of cardiovascular mortality at baseline year.
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PMID:Antihypertensive treatment and risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease diagnosed based on the presence of proteinuria and renal function: A large longitudinal study in Japan. 3180 Jun 5