Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Concentrations of urinary albumin and the albumin:creatinine ratio were measured in early-morning urine specimens from 5670 people older than 40 years who participated in a health screening survey of a local workforce. Sex-specific reference intervals were determined in a subgroup of 3597 people after excluding 2073 individuals with Albustix-positive proteinuria; diabetes mellitus; bacteriuria; current hypertension; body mass index greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2; or serum triglyceride greater than or equal to 2.5 mmol/L. The 97.5 percentile concentration for urinary albumin was 28 mg/L in men and 29 mg/L in women; for the albumin:creatinine ratio this was 2.3 g/mol in men and 2.8 g/mol in women. In the study population, the degree of albuminuria showed piecewise log-linear relationships with diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.0001) and body mass index (P = 0.0001), log-linear relationships with hypertriglyceridemia (P = 0.0001) and hypercholesterolemia (P = 0.0001), and a negative piecewise linear relationship with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P = 0.0461).
 ...
PMID:Albuminuria in people at least 40 years old: effect of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. 152 18

In the Dahl S rat (DS), salt induces systemic and glomerular capillary hypertension associated with progressive glomerulosclerosis, while Dahl R rats (DR) remain normotensive, without glomerular abnormalities. Studies in experimental models have suggested that hypercholesterolemia may play a role in the development of glomerulosclerosis; however, it is unclear whether hypercholesterolemia alone, in the absence of hypertension, can initiate injury. To answer this question we induced hypercholesterolemia in salt-supplemented DS (DSC) and DR (DRC) by feeding a high cholesterol (4%) chow. Control rats (DS, DR) received high-salt, normal cholesterol chow. After eight weeks, DS and DSC developed equivalent hypertension (161 +/- 3 vs. 153 +/- 3 mm Hg, respectively, P = NS), while DR and DRC remained normotensive (138 +/- 5 vs. 131 +/- 5 mm Hg, P = NS; P less than 0.05 vs. DS and DSC). Cholesterol fed rats developed marked and equivalent hypercholesterolemia compared to controls (DS vs. DSC, 71 +/- 3 vs. 289 +/- 91 mg/dl, P less than 0.05; DR vs. DRC, 52 +/- 2 vs. 327 +/- 54 mg/dl, P less than 0.05). Hypertensive rats (DS, DSC) developed worse proteinuria and glomerular injury than normotensive rats (DR, DRC), but hypercholesterolemia exacerbated proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis only in DSC and not in DRC. Proteinuria significantly correlated with serum cholesterol in hypertensive rats (DS, DSC, P less than 0.05), but not normotensive rats (DR, DRC, P = NS). Furthermore, DSC had increased renal vascular resistance compared to DS, while no differences were found between DRC and DR. Thus, in the Dahl rat, hypercholesterolemia alone does not initiate glomerular injury. In this model, hypercholesterolemia is a pathogenetic factor in glomerular injury only when it coexists with systemic hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Interactions of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension in initiation of glomerular injury. 161 39

We sought to determine whether systemic administration of proteases ameliorates membranous nephritis induced in rats by immunization and challenge with cationic bovine gamma globulin, and whether targeting of protease to glomerular capillaries increases efficacy. Proteases substituted with biotin were targeted via the cationic protein avidin A, which by virtue of its charge has affinity for the glomerular basement membrane. Despite identical pretreatment proteinuria, rats given untargeted protease (biotin-conjugated without avidin, or unconjugated plus avidin) had significantly less proteinuria than saline-treated controls and nephrotic rats given avidin plus biotin-conjugated (targeted) protease had even less proteinuria and reduced glomerular rat IgG and C3. Among more severely nephrotic rats, targeted protease was again more effective than untargeted protease at reducing proteinuria, and also decreased the size of electron-dense glomerular deposits, hypercholesterolemia, and creatininemia. Inactivated targeted proteases had no effect on proteinuria, hypercholesterolemia, or azotemia. Finally, active targeted protease did not affect proteinuria in the nonimmune mediated nephrosis induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. We conclude that systemic protease can specifically diminish glomerular immune deposits, proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and creatininemia associated with experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis but not toxic nephrosis, and that targeted protease is more effective than untargeted protease.
 ...
PMID:Targeted enzyme therapy of experimental glomerulonephritis in rats. 170 86

Focal sclerosing glomerulopathy and especially focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) have been recognized as a distinct clinical entity, however, there still exist controversies in terms of prognostic risk factors of progression and optimal mode of treatment. A total of 32 patients (2 with focal global sclerosis; FGS, the remainder with FSGS) were followed up for a mean period of 82 months (3-240 months). Fourteen presented with nephrotic syndrome and 18 had proteinuria with or without hypertension. Thirteen patients, all of whom except 1 were nephrotic, received steroid treatment with or without other immunosuppressive agents (cyclophosphamide/cyclosporin A/azathioprine). Three of the steroid-treated remained stable in complete remission; 5 nephrotic non-responders had renal death. The mean slope of 1/creatinine versus time for steroid-treated and non-treated groups was -0.23 and -0.043, respectively (p = 0.04), suggesting that nephrotic range proteinuria might be prognostically important. However, for the population of FSGS/FGS as a whole, only the initial serum creatinine predicted renal survival (p = 0.001 by Cox's regression model). Hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia were not important variables by themselves. Nevertheless, we found that the 9 patients treated with antihyperlipidaemics (gemfibrozil/probucol/cholestyramine/maxEPA) fared better, mean slope being -0.023 versus -0.103 for non-treated, though not reaching statistical significance (p = 0.96). Controlled prospective study involving a larger number of patients might be worthwhile.
 ...
PMID:Focal sclerosing glomerulopathy. Risk factors of progression and optimal mode of treatment. 176 95

Recent reports of risk factors for and survival of patients with diabetic retinopathy do not include exudative maculopathy as a separate entity. We therefore studied a group of hypertensive Type II diabetic subjects with exudative maculopathy (n = 26) compared to a carefully matched hypertensive diabetic comparison group without retinopathy (n = 26) over seven years. Diabetic maculopathy patients had higher mean diastolic blood pressure (101.6 +/- 14 versus 94.8 +/- 10 mmHg, p less than 0.05), serum cholesterol (6.65 +/- 2.2 versus 5.9 +/- 1.31 mmol/l), HDL2 subfraction levels (0.46 +/- 0.23 versus 0.32 +/- 0.18 mmol/l) and a higher prevalence of hyperlipidaemia (54% versus 35%) compared to the comparison group. After seven years, the maculopathy group showed a strikingly higher prevalence of renal failure and nephrotic syndrome (42% versus 8%, p less than 0.05) and of macroproteinuria (58% versus 15%, p less than 0.01) compared to the comparison group. Mortality and cardiovascular disease event rate was 12% and 38% in the maculopathy and 15% and 31% respectively in the comparison group. We conclude that although mortality is not significantly higher in diabetics with exudative maculopathy, proteinuria, renal failure and nephrotic syndrome may be associated features on long term follow-up. Hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia may also be risk factors in the development of diabetic maculopathy.
 ...
PMID:Long-term follow-up of and underlying medical conditions in patients with diabetic exudative maculopathy. 180 Jan 69

High dietary protein intake, in the past recommended for nephrotic syndrome, does not improve hypoproteinemia and may accelerate progressive renal damage. In contrast, low-protein diets reduce proteinuria and preserve renal function in experimental renal models of nephrotic syndrome. In this study, 20 steroid-resistant, nephrotic patients were treated with a pure vegetarian, low-protein diet, supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues (supplemented vegan diet, SVD) for 4.6 +/- 3.1 months. Before the study, these patients followed an unrestricted protein, low-sodium diet (LSD). Proteinuria, daily urea nitrogen excretion and creatinine clearance decreased significantly on SVD. A similar lowering effect of SVD was observed on serum total cholesterol. Seven of the 20 patients changed from LSD to SVD and vice-versa on 3 occasions, and in all cases, we found an increase of proteinuria during the LSD period. Serum albumin, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and anthropometric measurements did not change on SVD. Our data suggest that SVD exerts a favorable effect on proteinuria and hypercholesterolemia in nephrotic patients, without inducing clinical or laboratory signs of malnutrition.
 ...
PMID:A special, supplemented 'vegan' diet for nephrotic patients. 180 35

A familial predisposition has been proposed as a major determinant of the increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease demonstrated in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with nephropathy. We assessed this concept by studying 91 parents of Type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy and 94 parents of aged-matched Type 1 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria. The two groups of parents were of a similar age (58 +/- 8 vs 58 +/- 7 years). The prevalence (%) of death and cardiovascular diseases (World Health Organisation questionnaire) was 10 (4-18)% and 12 (6-21)% in parents of nephropathic patients compared to 8 (3-16)% and 13 (6-23)% in parents of normoalbuminuric Type 1 diabetic patients. The frequency of risk factors for cardiovascular disease were about the same in both groups of parents. Microalbuminuria was found in 5% and 11%, hypercholesterolaemia (greater than 6.5 mmol/l) in 25% and 26% and smokers constituted 40% and 34% of parents of patients with and without proteinuria, respectively. A familial predisposition to cardiovascular disease cannot explain the increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease in young patients with diabetic nephropathy.
 ...
PMID:Lack of familial predisposition to cardiovascular disease in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with nephropathy. 186 92

Rats made uremic by 2-stage 5/6 nephrectomy and sham-operated control animals were fed either a normal laboratory chow, a high-sucrose (60%) or a high-fat (10% cholesterol; 20% olive oil) diet, all containing 21% protein and identical amounts of electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements. Serum creatinine levels remained unchanged in the control animals but rose in the 5/6 nephrectomised uremic animals by a factor of 2.7 from a mean of 0.44 +/- 0.05 mg/dl to 1.20 +/- 0.11 mg/dl at 8 weeks, without differences between the dietary groups. During 8 weeks of dietary regimen the high-sucrose and high-fat diets induced significant hypertriglyceridemia, generally similar in control and uremic rats. The uremic animals on a high-sucrose and high-fat diet had the most pronounced rise in serum triglycerides, 331.5 +/- 89.0 and 298.0 +/- 45.0 mg/dl, respectively (control: 159.9 +/- 14.0 mg/dl). After 4 and 8 weeks, only the animals on the high-fat diet had significant hypercholesterolemia, most pronounced in the uremic animals (356 +/- 56.3 mg/dl; control: 71.6 +/- 12.9 mg/dl). The animals in the latter group also had significant proteinuria and renal histologic abnormalities consisting of xanthoma-like glomerular lesions, infiltrates and fibrosis not seen in the other groups of animals. These data indicate that dietary-induced hyperlipidemia of short duration causes or aggravates renal damage in the rat with mild-moderate uremia, induced by ablation.
 ...
PMID:Dietary-induced hyperlipidemia and renal function in the uremic rat. 186 74

Information regarding glomerular lesions related to Schistosoma haematobium infection in man or animal are extremely lacking and disputed. The objective of this experimental study was to investigate glomerular lesions in S. haematobium-infected golden hamsters. In this work, 53 hamsters were infected with S. haematobium cercariae and 18 animals of similar age and sex served as controls. Hamsters were infected either with 50, 200, 300, 400 or 600 cercariae and sacrified after 8, 9, 10, 14, 18, 24 or 32 weeks. Infected and control hamsters were subjected to laboratory examinations including serum creatinine, serum albumin, total protein, serum cholesterol, total urine protein as well as histopathologic evaluations. Kidney biopsies were examined by light microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence and by electron microscopy. Significant proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and hypercholesterolaemia were observed in all but 5 S. haematobium-infected, but in none of the control hamsters. Renal impairment was observed in 5 hamsters. Histopathologic evaluations showed IgG, circulating anodic antigen and circulating cathodic antigen deposits in the renal glomeruli. By electron-microscopic examination, these deposits were seen mainly in the subendothelial, mesangial and paramesangial areas. Amyloid deposits were also seen in the renal glomeruli, tubular basement membrane and in the interstitium. A correlation was found between the extent of amyloid deposition and the duration but not the intensity of schistosomal infection. We have concluded that S. haematobium infection can lead to glomerulopathy in golden hamsters.
 ...
PMID:Schistosoma haematobium-induced glomerular disease: an experimental study in the golden hamster. 190 86

In order to evaluate the usefulness of certain clinical and paraclinical characteristics to be able to discriminate the minimal change disease (MCD) from other histopathological lesions associated with the nephrotic syndrome (NS), the clinical charts of 31 patients were reviewed and relevant data were analyzed. Those patients with no history of biopsy and those with documented MCD through biopsy, were placed in one group (MCD = 25) and the rest as others (others = 6). None of the clinical or paraclinical indicators analyzed showed significant differences between either group. In the MCD group, 76% of the patients entered remission after receiving steroid treatment, while none of the others entered remission. The magnitude of the proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and the presence of hematuria, hypertension or hyperazoemia, were not useful to discriminate those with MCD from other lesions. The response to treatment with prednisone was the most useful data to differentiate the groups.
 ...
PMID:[Nephrotic syndrome in children. Retrospective study at a concentration hospital]. 193 Jul 17


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>