Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many clinical parameters and biochemical values normally change as a result of the profound effect of pregnancy on the kidney. These changes include hydronephrosis, decreased BUN and uric acid, proteinuria and glycosuria (70 percent one time), frequency, nocturia, edema (80 percent) and reductions in blood pressure. "Normal is abnormal." A BUN of 20 mg. percent is the equivalent of 40 mg. percent in a nonpregnant woman, and a blood pressure of 120/80 in the 24th week of preganancy may be hypertensive.
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PMID:The kidney and pregnancy. 70 75

Hematuria is the presence of more than 5 RBC's in repeated urinary sediments. Erythrocyturia may be present as an isolated finding or it may be associated to other clinical findings that may lead to the etiology of the hematuria. Its origin may be renal or extrarenal. In the neonate, meatal or urethral bleeding, polycystic kidney or hydronephrosis must be considered. In the infant, hematuria may be due to vascular disease, renal vein thrombosis, as well as to urinary tract infection, urinary tract obstruction or acute tubular interstitial nephritis due to drug ingestion. Primary and secondary glomerulopathies, urinary tract infection and urolithiasis are the most frequent causes of hematuria in pre-school or school-age children. The diagnostic approach emphasizes the importance of the clinical history, familial background and the circumstances of presentation. RBC casts and proteinuria may suggest the presence of a glomerulopathy. Leukocyturia is more frequent in urinary tract infections and requires urine cultures and intravenous pyelogram. In cases of isolated hematuria, blood clotting test, P. T., P.T.T., platelet count and RBC's morphology may be required to rule out hematological disorders. The intravenous pyelogram, voiding cystogram, and occasionally cystoscopy will help to rule out urological abnormalities. If the previous results were negative, the renal biopsy will help to distinguish IgA mesangiopathy, Alport's syndrome or essential hematuria; this last diagnosis resulting by exclusion.
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PMID:[Diagnostic significance of hematuria in pediatrics]. 75 4

Severity of urinary tract morbidity increases with intensity and duration of Schistosoma haematobium infection. We assessed the ability of yearly drug therapy to control infection intensity and reduce S. haematobium-associated disease in children 5-21 years old in an endemic area of Kenya. In year 1, therapy resulted in reduced prevalence (66% to 22%, P < 0.001) and intensity of S. haematobium infection (20 to 2 eggs/10 mL urine), with corresponding reductions in the prevalence of hematuria (52% to 19%, P < 0.001). There was not, however, a significant first-year effect on prevalence of urinary tract abnormalities detected by ultrasound. Repeat therapy in years 2 and 3 resulted in significant regression of hydronephrosis and bladder abnormalities (41% to 6% prevalence, P < 0.01), and further reductions in proteinuria. Repeat age-targeted therapy was associated with decreased prevalence of infection among young children (< 5 yr) entering into the targeted age group. Two years after discontinuation of therapy, intensity of S. haematobium infection and ultrasound abnormalities remained suppressed, but hematuria prevalence began to increase (to 33% in 1989). Reinstitution of annual therapy in 1989 and 1990 reversed this trend. We conclude that annual oral therapy provides an effective strategy for control of morbidity due to S. haematobium on a population basis, both through regression of disease in treated individuals, and prevention of infection in untreated subjects.
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PMID:Age-targeted chemotherapy for control of urinary schistosomiasis in endemic populations. 134 96

This essay illustrates the spectrum of sonographic findings of various renal manifestations of AIDS. The most common renal abnormality in patients with AIDS is nephropathy, which is manifested by deterioration of renal function and proteinuria. Acute tubular necrosis, intrarenal infections, focal nephrocalcinosis, hydronephrosis, and neoplasms also may occur.
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PMID:Renal diseases in patients with AIDS: sonographic findings. 847 Jun 3

Focal segmental glomerular hyalinosis and/or sclerosis (FSHS) was observed in five Wistar-Imamichi rats with congenital unilateral hydronephrosis (CUH rats). Marked proteinuria (164.9 +/- 138.4 mg/day) was observed in the CUH rats. Immunoperoxidase staining for IgM, C3 and IgG was positive in the glomeruli, showing in a focal, segmental pattern that corresponded to the areas of FSHS seen by light microscopy. These glomerular findings were extremely similar to those of human focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS). FSHS was found to be common to both the hydronephrotic kidney and the contralateral kidney without hydronephrosis. Morphometry revealed that the glomerular area of the juxtamedullary glomeruli was greater than that of superficial glomeruli in control rats (11,037 micron2 vs. 6,847 microns2). On the other hand, glomerular hypertrophy was observed in non-sclerotic glomeruli of CUH rats (superficial glomeruli; 12,477-16,123 microns2, juxtamedullary glomeruli; 14,635-18,418 microns2). Also, a decreased in the number of glomeruli within the range 1.8-4.1 per unit area (1 mm2) was seen in CUH rats compared with control rats (mean 4.4). These results suggest that the increased rate of development of FSHS is based on hyperfiltration in the remaining functional nephrons.
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PMID:Focal segmental glomerular hyalinosis and/or sclerosis in rats with congenital unilateral hydronephrosis. 177 65

We reported two cases of nephrotic syndrome associated with hydronephrosis. A forty four year old male patient who suddenly complained of nephrotic syndrome, showed left hydronephrosis caused by lower ureteral stenosis. Renal biopsy specimen obtained from the right kidney revealed minor glomerular abnormalities. A sixteen year old female patient had a long history of proteinuria before the onset of nephrotic syndrome. She suffered from bilateral hydronephrosis of which the etiology was unclear. Renal biopsy specimen obtained from the left kidney revealed membranous nephropathy. Because in both cases urine samples collected from each ureter showed the presence of a massive protein, the other kidney was thought to be involved with the same disease. The association of nephrotic syndrome with hydronephrosis is extremely rare. The significance of this unusual combination was discussed with respect to the literature.
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PMID:[Two cases of nephrotic syndrome associated with hydronephrosis]. 187 63

Because experimental studies of kidney aging are frequently complicated by the presence of renal disease, we set out to define a model minimizing renal pathology and thus revealing basic aging phenomena. Male and female Wistar/Lou rats were conceived, born, and bred to 42 months in a specific pathogen-free husbandry. They had free access to water and to a protein diet containing 2% fish and 15% vegetable proteins. The mean survival ages of this colony were 39 months for females and 35 months for males. Body weight, 24-hour food and water intake, urinary volume, and solute excretion were measured every 6 months in a group of 12 males and 12 females. Throughout the study, the mean body weight remained close to 180 gm in females and 320 gm in males. Despite this size difference, absolute daily food intake was similar in the two sexes and almost constant over the studied period. Age-related changes in proteinuria and phosphate excretion were greater in males than in females. Decreased urine osmolality and increased urinary volume, on the other hand, were more pronounced in old females than in males. Renal loss of calcium was noticed in both sexes and glucosuria remained discrete. Kidneys examined at 12, 24, and 36 months in both sexes and also at 42 months in females were free of major pathology such as pronounced glomerulosclerosis, tubular nephrosis, tubular cast, or hydronephrosis. In the oldest animals a few foci of interstitial inflammation occasionally were seen. The sole significant morphologic change was a regular but moderate thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, which roughly doubled its size from 12 to 36 months. Morphometric studies failed to demonstrate an increase in mesangial matrix or mesangial cellularity. No changes in foot processes, slit diaphragms, or endothelial fenestrae were seen with increasing age. These observations indicate that basic age-related changes in kidney structure and function of rats fed ad libitum can be reduced to a few parameters provided that adequate strains, diet, and husbandry conditions are selected for experimentation.
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PMID:Longitudinal study of solute excretion and glomerular ultrastructure in an experimental model of aging rats free of kidney disease. 200 55

To determine the relative efficacy of metrifonate and praziquantel in controlling urinary tract morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium infection, a random allocation treatment trial was performed among 1,813 school age S. haematobium-infected children from the Msambweni area of Coast Province, Kenya. Following baseline examination for infection, hematuria, proteinuria, and ultrasonographic urinary tract abnormalities, oral treatment with either metrifonate (10 mg/kg, repeated at 4 month intervals) or praziquantel (1 dose of 40 mg/kg) was given to infected subjects. Prevalence of morbidity was reassessed 12 months later for each treatment group. Results indicated equivalent patient improvement in response to either regimen: prevalence of hematuria fell from 75% to 17% after either praziquantel or metrifonate therapy. Similarly, prevalence of proteinuria was significantly reduced from 73% to 29% (metrifonate) or 27% (praziquantel) after therapy. Metrifonate and praziquantel caused similar reductions in bladder granulomata and bladder thickening; however, no reduction in hydronephrosis was noted with either drug. Analysis of outcomes in population subgroups defined by age, sex, pretreatment intensity of infection, or severity of pretreatment morbidity showed no consistent advantage for either drug. In this endemic area, both agents provide effective control of morbidity due to urinary schistosomiasis.
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PMID:Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. II. Metrifonate vs. praziquantel in control of infection-associated morbidity. 211 8

The use of ultrasound in detecting urinary tract alterations by Schistosoma haematobium such as hydronephrosis and bladder calcifications was studied in 125 patients of the out-patients department of a district hospital in SE Tanzania, in an area highly endemic for this disease. Ultrasound was compared with plain abdominal X-ray (in 33 patients), intravenous pyelography (29), cystoscopy (31) and simple urine examination (125). Except for bladder calcifications which could not be demonstrated other than by X-ray, sonography compared favorably with IVP and cystoscopy and proved therefore to be a valuable tool in assessing S.h. related morbidity. In children moderate and advanced hydronephrosis were always associated with an irregular bladder wall and correlated strongly with the prevalence and intensity of S.h. infections as well as with haematuria and proteinuria. Important congestive pathology was observed in 1 out of 10 infected children and in 1 out of 20 examined adults.
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PMID:Comparison of ultrasonography, intravenous pyelography and cystoscopy in detection of urinary tract lesions due to Schistosoma haematobium. 287 11

From January to December 1983, 12,207 specimens of urine were examined for ova of Schistosoma haematobium and 753 (6.17%) were positive. From this group, 44 adult patients were investigated for urinary tract abnormalities. Haematuria was the commonest presenting symptom (81.8%) followed by lower abdominal pain (77.3%) and dysuria (68.2%). Urinalysis revealed proteinuria in 55.5%, leucocyturia in 90.9% and microhaematuria in 88.6% of patients. Twenty-four hour protein excretion ranged from 230 mg to 2.2 g (mean 960 mg). Serum creatinine was raised in one patient (2.2 mg dl-1), Urological abnormalities included calcification of the bladder in 36.4%, ureteric strictures and dilatations in 65.9%, hydronephrosis in 9.1%, squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder in 4.5%, vesicle calculus in 2.3%, and multiple granulomatas in the bladder in 2.3% of the patients. The results of the study suggest that a sizeable population of this area is at risk of developing urological complications and consequently chronic renal insufficiency.
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PMID:Urinary schistosomiasis in Maiduguri, north east Nigeria. 311 28


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