UMLS:C0033687 - FACTA Search

Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-HCC) in 26 patients with nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria of 6.5 g/24 h +/- 0.8 SEM) ranged between 1 and 18.6 ng/ml (8.6 +/- 1.0 SEM). This value was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than that in normal subjects (21.8 +/- 2.3 ng/ml) and patients with chronic renal failure (24.8 +/- 2.3 ng/ml). There was inverse correlation (P less than 0.01) between levels of 25-HCC and magnitude of proteinuria and a direct relation (P less than 0.01) with serum albumin. Reduction in proteinuria was rapidly followed by a rise in blood 25-HCC toward normal. Ionized calcium levels were low in 16 of 26 nephrotic patients irrespective of degree of renal failure. In four of seven nephrotic patients with normal renal function, ionized calcium levels were low and showed an inverse relation with levels of parathyroid hormone. These data show that patients with nephrotic syndrome have low blood levels of 25-HCC probably due to its loss in urine. This derangement is probably responsible for the disorders of calcium metabolism in nephrosis.
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PMID:Blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in nephrotic syndrome. Studies in 26 patients. 93 Dec 2

We performed 308 series renal biopsies during 4 years (1985-1989) and 289 cases were examined by light microscopic, electron microscopic, or immunofluorescent study. Clinically, chronic nephritic syndrome was most frequent (55.4%), followed by nephrotic syndrome (15.1%), and recurrent or persistent hematuria (12.8%). Pathologically, IgA nephropathy was most popular (39.3%), followed by normal glomerulus (9.1%), and thin basement membrane disease (8.7%). Glomerulonephritis clinically recognized with recurrent or persistent hematuria, hardly showing proteinuria, in 81.6% of the cases, consisted of normal glomerulus, or thin basement membrane disease by electron microscopic and immunofluorescent examinations. The remainder (18.4%) was with IgA nephropathy, which was histologically mild. On the other hand, cases of chronic nephritic syndrome (latent type) with persistent proteinuria and hematuria were with glomerulonephritis of various types including IgA nephropathy in 78.8% of the total cases. Therefore, proteinuria is an important sign of glomerulonephritis. In investigation in different age groups, IgA nephropathy was seen in about 40% of both pediatric and adult cases, whereas minor glomerular abnormalities and thin basement membrane disease were more frequent in pediatric cases. Tubulo-interstitial lesions and glomerular lesions in vascular or metabolic diseases were recognized more in adults than in children. Membranous glomerulonephritis (17 cases including 4 pediatric cases), complicated with malignant tumors such as bladder or rectal cancers and hepatoma was found in 3 aged patients. Examination for malignant tumor would be necessary for aged patients with membranous glomerulonephritis. As for the prognosis of IgA nephropathy, because histological changes of IgA nephropathy varied widely from very mild state to severe state, the prognosis is not always good.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinicopathological study of patients presenting hematuria and proteinuria by renal biopsy]. 204 2

The case of a 38 year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma in a non-cirrhotic liver is reported. Hyperestrogenosis with gynecomastia, polycythemia and proteinuria were present. After complete removal of the tumor, estrogen levels, red blood-cell volume and urine analysis did not return to normal and these pathologic findings were probably not paraneoplastic syndromes. Outcome was good, the patient remaining completely well without evidence of recurrence during the ensuing 30 months. The likely explanation for the persistent hyperestrogenosis was an excessive conversion of sexual hormones. The authors suggest that this abnormal hyperestrogenic state could promote hepatic neoplasia as it has been established in animals.
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PMID:[Hepatocellular carcinoma and hyperestrogenia in a male]. 282 Aug 25

Succinylacetone (SA) (4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid) is an abnormal metabolite produced in patients with hereditary tyrosinemia as a consequence of an inherited deficiency of fumaryl acetoacetate hydrolase activity. Patients with this disease are associated with a number of abnormalities, including aminoaciduria, proteinuria, liver failure, commonly hepatoma, and decreased GSH concentration in the liver. In the course of our studies of tyrosinemia, we found that the urine of patients with this disorder contains material(s) that absorbs light at 315 nm. We investigated the nature of the 315 nm material in detail. SA was found to react with amino acids and protein nonenzymatically, to form stable adducts at physiological temperature and pH. All SA adducts with amino acids and/or proteins exhibited an absorption peak at 315 nm. Although all amino acids reacted with SA, the most reactive amino acid was lysine (Lys), followed, in order, by glycine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, alanine, and glutamine. SA-adducts were unstable at pH below 6, while they were made considerably more stable after reduction with NaBH4, suggesting that SA forms an adduct via Schiff base formation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of urines from patients with tyrosinemia revealed the existence of SA-glycine, SA-methionine, SA-tyrosine, and SA-phenylalanine. After digestion of urines with proteinase K, three more HPLC peaks appeared, which all corresponded to SA-Lys adducts. TLC analysis of SA-Lys showed that SA-Lys could form as many as seven different adducts. No SA-adduct peaks were observed in HPLC in urines from normal subjects, patients with other forms of aminoaciduria, or patients with the nephrotic syndrome. In addition to amino acids and proteins, SA reacted with reduced glutathione (GSH) and formed a stable adduct. These findings suggest that SA adduct formation with amino acids, GSH, and proteins is a significant process occurring in tyrosinemia, and may account for certain of the pathologic findings in this hereditary disorder.
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PMID:Hereditary tyrosinemia. Formation of succinylacetone-amino acid adducts. 392 1

Six HBsAg negative patients with cirrhosis of the liver (CL) presented with recurrent bouts of palpable purpura in the legs due to small vessel leucocytoclastic vasculitis. In addition, all patients had renal failure, proteinuria and microhaematuria. Renal biopsy disclosed either diffuse proliferative (3 cases) or focal necrotising glomerulonephritis with crescents (2 cases). One patient had IgM-IgG mixed cryoglobulinaemia (type II). Four patients died of complications of their CL. Hepatocellular carcinoma was found in 1 case. In the patient without renal biopsy renal function improved following steroids and cyclophosphamide. The pathogenesis of this syndrome of cutaneous vasculitis with severe glomerular involvement in CL is unknown but could be immune-complex mediated.
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PMID:Renal involvement in a syndrome of vasculitis complicating HBsAg negative cirrhosis of the liver. 399 59

Twenty-three patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma were given doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 I.V. day 1 and streptozotocin 0.5 g/m2 I.V. days 1-5 every 3 weeks. This regimen was chosen because of the activity of doxorubicin and nitrosoureas in hepatocellular carcinoma and the ability to administer both drugs in full doses. Twelve patients were fully ambulatory, 14 had normal serum bilirubin, 11 had pathologic proof of cirrhosis, and 11 had no known extrahepatic tumor dissemination. Partial responses lasting 10 and 14 months occurred in two patients (9%), one had stable disease for 15 months, 12 had documented tumor progression within 4 months, and eight died within 6 weeks of the start of chemotherapy. Median survival of all patients was only 3 months (range 0.3-27), but eight (35%) lived more than 1 year. Of these eight, two responded to doxorubicin and streptozotocin, another two to subsequent chemotherapy, and four had no tumor response whatever. More than 90% of the intended doses of doxorubicin and streptozotocin was administered, with severe leukopenia in three patients, moderate thrombocytopenia in one, and moderate proteinuria in nine. There were no drug-related deaths. Various physical, radiologic, and biochemical parameters were employed in detecting tumor response and progression. Initially abnormal physical examination of the liver, hepatic radionuclide and computed tomographic (CT) scans, and serum alpha-fetoprotein levels improved in both responding patients. Tumor progression was detected by physical examination (7/12), radionuclide (10/12) and CT liver scan (3/7), rising alpha-fetoprotein (5/12), and rising carcinoembryonic antigen (3/8). Physical examination and radionuclide liver scan together documented all tumor response and progression. The combination of doxorubicin and streptozotocin has only modest activity in hepatocellular carcinoma and appears no more active than doxorubicin alone.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma with doxorubicin and streptozotocin. 631 Sep 86

Bone histology and its relationship with calcium metabolism was evaluated in adult patients with nephrotic syndrome: 29 had normal renal function (GFR 103 +/- 4 ml/min/1.73 m2) (group 1) and 20 had renal insufficiency (GFR 31 +/- 4 ml/min/1.73 m2) (group 2). In group 1, serum PTH, 1.25-HCC and 24.25-HCC levels were normal, while 25-HCC values were reduced. Bone histology was normal in 76% of the patients, while 17% had isolated osteomalacia and 7% an associated bone resorption. Group 2 showed a higher incidence of bone resorption when compared with a matched group of patients with renal failure and no proteinuria (40% vs. 13%) and a comparable frequency of isolated mineralization defect (25% vs. 34%). PTH levels were definitely increased and serum total calcium and all the vitamin D metabolites were reduced. A significant correlation between the apparent duration of the disease and the severity of osteodystrophy was found only in group 2. In conclusion, no constant derangement of calcium metabolism and bone histology is evident in patients with nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function, while patients with persistent proteinuria are at high risk of osteodystrophy even in the early phases of renal failure.
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PMID:Bone histology and calcium metabolism in patients with nephrotic syndrome and normal or reduced renal function. 673 66

The clinical outcome of long-term renal allograft recipients in the Chinese population has not been reported previously. We analysed patients from the pre-cyclosporin era who had grafts that functioned for > 10 years. Forty-five patients (31 men, 14 women; mean age 30, follow-up duration 13.3 years), representing a 10-year graft survival of 53%, were included. Thirty-six patients (80%) received living-related allografts and 9 (20%) received cadaveric or living-unrelated renal transplantation. The mean serum creatinine at last follow-up was 1.36 mg/dl (range, 0.83-4.08). Major posttransplantation complications included: hypertension in 25 (56%), infection in 16 (36%), acute rejection in 15 (33%), lipid disorder in 13 (29%), liver disease in 7 (16%), osteonecrosis in 5 (11%), malignancy in 4 (9%), coronary artery disease in 3 (7%), and diabetes mellitus in 3 (7%). Five grafts were lost: 3 to chronic rejection, and 2 to patients with stable function who died of non-renal causes. Proteinuria correlated strongly with graft function and survival, and marginally with hypertension. In hepatitis B carriers, serum alpha-feto protein is useful in the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. We conclude that while patients in the pre-cyclosporin era can survive with excellent graft function beyond the first decade, the risk of complications leading to significant morbidity still remains even when patients are receiving minimal doses of immunosuppression in the second decade.
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PMID:Long-term renal allograft recipients from South-east Asia in the pre-cyclosporin era. 1035 40

Tetrafluoroethylene is used in the production of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon(R)) and other polymers. Tetrafluoroethylene was nominated by the National Cancer Institute for toxicity and carcinogenicity studies based on the potential for human exposure to the chemical due to the large production volume and on the lack of adequate data for tetrafluoroethylene in the literature. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to tetrafluoroethylene (98% to 99% pure) by whole body inhalation exposure for 16 days, 13 weeks, or 2 years. Genetic toxicity studies were conducted in mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes. 16-DAY STUDY IN RATS: Groups of five male and five female F344/N rats were exposed to 0, 312, 625, 1,250, 2,500, or 5,000 ppm tetrafluoroethylene by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for a total of 12 exposures during a 16-day period. All rats survived to the end of the study. The final mean body weights and body weight gains of males and females exposed to 5,000 ppm were significantly less than those of the controls. The mean body weight gain of females exposed to 2,500 ppm was also significantly less than that of the controls. There were no exposure-related clinical findings in male or female rats. There were no significant differences in hematology parameters that were considered to be related to tetrafluoroethylene exposure. Absolute and relative kidney weights of all exposed groups of males were significantly greater than those of the controls, as were those of females in the 2,500 and 5,000 ppm groups. The absolute kidney weight of females exposed to 1,250 ppm was also significantly greater than that of the controls. The relative liver weights of all exposed groups of males and the absolute liver weights of males in the 625 and 2,500 ppm groups were significantly greater than those of the controls. Increased incidences of renal tubule degeneration occurred in males and females exposed to 625 ppm or greater; this lesion was located predominantly at the corticomedullary junction. The severity of degeneration increased with increasing exposure concentration and was slightly greater in males than females. 16-DAY STUDY IN MICE: Groups of five male and five female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 312, 625, 1,250, 2,500, or 5,000 ppm tetrafluoroethylene by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for a total of 12 exposures during a 16-day period. All mice survived to the end of the study. Final mean body weights and body weight gains of all exposed groups of mice were similar to those of the controls. There were no exposure-related clinical findings in male or female mice. There were no significant differences in hematology parameters that were considered to be related to tetrafluoroethylene exposure. The absolute and relative liver weights of females exposed to 5,000 ppm were significantly greater than those of the controls, as was the absolute kidney weight of females in that group and the absolute liver weight of females in the 2,500 ppm group. Renal tubule karyomegaly was observed in male and female mice in the 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 ppm groups, and the severity of this lesion increased with increasing exposure concentration. Karyomegaly was located predominantly in the inner renal cortex. 13-WEEK STUDY IN RATS: Groups of 10 male and 9 or 10 female F344/N rats were exposed to 0, 312, 625, 1,250, 2,500, or 5,000 ppm tetrafluoroethylene by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 13 weeks. All rats survived to the end of the study. The final mean body weight and body weight gain of males exposed to 5,000 ppm were significantly less than those of the controls, as was the mean body weight gain of females in this exposure group. There were no clinical findings attributed to exposure to tetrafluoroethylene. Exposure of rats to tetrafluoroethylene resulted in a concentration-dependent normocytic, normochromic, nonresponsive anemia consistent with a secondary hypoproliferative anemia. An exposure concentration-dependent proteinuria also occurred, consistent with renal tubule th renal tubule degeneration observed histopathologically. The absolute and relative liver weights of all exposed groups of males and of females in the 5,000 ppm group were significantly greater than those of the controls. The absolute and relative right kidney weights of males and females exposed to 1,250 ppm or greater and of females in the 625 ppm group were also significantly greater than those of the controls. There were no differences in sperm morphology or vaginal cytology parameters between control and exposed groups of rats. Incidences of renal tubule degeneration in males exposed to 625 ppm or greater and in females exposed to 2,500 or 5,000 ppm were significantly greater than those in the controls. Renal lesions were similar to those observed in the 16-day study and were located predominantly at the corticomedullary junction. 13-WEEK STUDY IN MICE: Groups of 10 male and 10 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 312, 625, 1,250, 2,500, or 5,000 ppm tetrafluoroethylene by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 13 weeks. All mice survived to the end of the study. Final mean body weights and body weight gains of all exposed groups of male and female mice were generally similar to those of the controls. There were no clinical findings that were considered to be related to tetrafluoroethylene exposure. Exposure of mice to tetrafluoroethylene resulted in a concentration-dependent normocytic, normochromic, nonresponsive anemia, consistent with a secondary hypoproliferative anemia, and in polyuria. Differences in sperm morphology parameters and estrous cycle lengths were not considered to be exposure related. Incidences of karyomegaly of the renal tubule epithelial cells in male and female mice exposed to 1,250 ppm or greater were significantly greater than those in the controls. Karyomegaly was similar to that observed in the 16-day study and was observed primarily in the inner renal cortex. 2-YEAR STUDY IN RATS: Groups of 60 male rats were exposed to 156, 312, or 625 ppm and groups of 60 female rats were exposed to 312, 625, or 1,250 ppm tetrafluoroethylene by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 104 weeks, with an observation period of 11 days following the final exposure. Ten male and ten female rats from each exposure group were evaluated at 15 months for organ weights and clinical pathology. Survival, Body Weights, and Clinical Findings: Survival rates of males in the 625 ppm group and of all exposed groups of females were significantly less than those of the controls. Mean body weights of males exposed to 625 ppm were lower than those of the controls from week 81 until the end of the study, and the mean body weight of 1,250 ppm females was slightly lower than that of the controls at the end of the study. The only clinical finding associated with exposure to tetrafluoroethylene was opacity of the eyes in exposed groups of female rats; this change was observed microscopically as cataracts. Hematology, Clinical Chemistry, and Urinalysis: At the 15-month interim evaluation, there were no differences in hematology, clinical chemistry, or urinalysis parameters that were considered to be related to tetrafluoroethylene exposure. Pathology Findings: The absolute and relative kidney weights of males exposed to 625 ppm and females exposed to 1,250 ppm and the absolute kidney weight of females exposed to 625 ppm were significantly greater than those of the controls at the 15-month interim evaluation. At 15 months, renal tubule hyperplasia was observed in one male exposed to 312 ppm and one male and one female exposed to 625 ppm; oncocytic hyperplasia was observed in one female exposed to 1,250 ppm. At the end of the study, incidences of renal tubule adenoma were greater in males and females exposed to 312 ppm or greater than those in the controls. This exposure-related increase was confirmed by examination of step sections (extended evaluations). At the end of the study, the incidences of renal tubule hyperplasia in males exposed to 625 ppm and females exposed to 1,250 ppm were significantly greater than those in the controls. The incidences of renal tubule adenoma and renal tubule adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in the extended evaluations and in the standard and extended evaluations (combined) in the 1,250 ppm female group and the 625 ppm male group were significantly greater than those in the controls, and the incidences occurred with significant positive trends. Oncocytic hyperplasia was observed at the end of the study in one male exposed to 312 ppm and in three females exposed to 1,250 ppm. At 15 months and at the end of the study, the incidences of renal tubule degeneration in all exposed groups of males and in females in the 625 and 1,250 ppm groups were greater than those in the controls. Renal tubule degeneration was similar to that observed in the 13-week study and was located predominantly at the corticomedullary junction. The severity of nephropathy generally increased with increasing exposure concentration in male rats at 15 months and 2 years. The absolute and relative liver weights of females in the 1,250 ppm group and the absolute liver weight of females exposed to 625 ppm were significantly greater than those of the controls at the 15-month interim evaluation. At 2 years, the incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in males exposed to 312 ppm, the incidences of hepatocellular adenoma and adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in females in all exposed groups, and the incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma in females exposed to 312 or 625 ppm were significantly greater than those in the controls. Also at 2 years, the incidence of hemangiosarcoma in females exposed to 625 ppm was significantly greater than that in the controls. In all exposed groups of males, the incidences of clear cell foci at 15 months were greater than those in the controls; at 2 years, the incidences of eosinophilic foci in all exposed groups of males and the incidences of basophilic and mixed cell foci in males in the 312 and 625 ppm groups were greater than those in the controls. The incidences of mixed cell foci at 15 months in females exposed to 625 or 1,250 ppm and at 2 years in females exposed to 1,250 ppm were also significantly greater than those in the controls. At the end of the 2-year study, increased incidences of cystic degeneration occurred in the liver of all exposed groups of males, and increased incidences of hepatic angiectasis were observed in exposed groups of females. Incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia in males exposed to 156 ppm and in all exposed groups of females were significantly greater than those in the controls. Incidences of cataracts in females exposed to 1,250 ppm were greater than those in the controls at the end of the 2-year study. At the end of the study, there were slight increases in the incidences of testicular interstitial cell adenoma in rats exposed to 312 or 625 ppm. 2-YEAR STUDY IN MICE: Groups of 58 male and 58 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 312, 625, or 1,250 ppm tetrafluoroethylene by inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 95 to 96 weeks. Ten male and ten female mice from each exposure group were evaluated at 15 months for organ weights. Survival, Body Weights, and Clinical Findings: The survival rates of all exposed groups of males and females were significantly less than those of the controls. Because of the reduced survival due to exposure-related liver neoplasms, the study was terminated during week 96. Mean body weights of exposed groups of males and females were generally similar to those of the controls, except at the end of the study, when they were somewhat less than those of the controls. There were no clinical findings related to tetrafluoroethylene exposure. Pathology Findings: At the 15-month interim evaluation, there were no differences in absolute or relative kidney, liver, or lung weights between exposed and control groups of mice. At the end of the study, the incidences of multifocal coagulative necrosis of the liver were increased in males in the 625 and 1,250 ppm groups. Also at the end of the study, females in all exposed groups had greater incidences of hematopoietic cell proliferation in the liver than the controls. Angiectasis occurred in all exposed groups of males and females at 15 months and at the end of the study. At the 15-month interim evaluation, hemangiosarcomas were observed in three males exposed to 1,250 ppm and in one female exposed to 312 ppm. The incidences of hemangiosarcoma in all exposed groups of males and females at the end of the study were significantly greater than those in the controls and exceeded the historical chamber control ranges. Also at the end of the study, the incidences of hemangioma in males and females exposed to 312 ppm and in males exposed to 625 ppm were also significantly greater than those in the controls and exceeded the range in historical chamber controls. At 15 months, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas occurred in control males and all exposed groups of males and females. Females exposed to 625 or 1,250 ppm had significantly greater incidences of eosinophilic foci than the controls at the 15-month interim evaluation. At the end of the study, the incidences of eosinophilic foci in males exposed to 625 or 1,250 ppm and in females exposed to 312 or 625 ppm were significantly greater than those in the controls. In male and female mice, increased incidences of a variety of hepatocellular neoplasms, including adenomas, multiple adenomas, carcinomas, and multiple carcinomas, were considered related to tetrafluoroethylene exposure. At the end of the study, the incidences of histiocytic sarcoma (all organs) in all exposed groups of males and females were significantly greater than those in the controls and exceeded the historical control ranges for all organs. The greatest incidences of histiocytic sarcomas were observed in the liver and lung, but these neoplasms were also observed in the spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and kidney. Significantly increased incidences of renal tubule dilatation (males) and karyomegaly (males and females), located predominantly in the inner cortex, were observed in mice exposed to 625 or 1,250 ppm at 15 months. At the end of the study, the increased incidences of dilatation and karyomegaly in all exposed groups of males and of karyomegaly in 1,250 ppm females were generally significant. Incidences of hematopoietic cell proliferation in the spleen of all exposed groups of males and females were significantly greater than those in the controls at the end of the study. Additionally, the severity of this lesion increased with increasing exposure concentration. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY: No increases in the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes were observed in peripheral blood samples obtained from male and female mice at the end of the 13-week inhalation study of tetrafluoroethylene. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of these 2-year inhalation studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of tetrafluoroethylene in male F344/N rats based on increased incidences of renal tubule neoplasms (mainly adenomas) and hepatocellular neoplasms. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of tetrafluoroethylene in female F344/N rats based on increased incidences of renal tubule neoplasms, liver hemangiosarcomas, hepatocellular neoplasms, and mononuclear cell leukemia. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of tetrafluoroethylene in male and female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of liver hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas, hepatocellular neoplasms, and histiocytic sarcomas. Slight increases in the incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia and testicular interstitial cell adenomas in male rats may have been related to exposure to tetrafluoroethylene. Exposure of rats to tetrafluoroethylene resulted in increased incidences of renal tubule hyperplasia and degeneration in males and females, increased severity of kidney nephropathy in males, and increased incidences of liver angiectasis and cataracts in females. Exposure of mice to tetrafluoroethylene resulted in increased incidences of hematopoietic cell proliferation of the liver in females, liver angiectasis in males and females, renal tubule dilatation in males, renal tubule karyomegaly in males and females, and splenic hematopoietic cell proliferation in males and females. Synonyms: Perfluoroethylene; tetrafluoroethene; 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene; TFE
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PMID:NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Tetrafluoroethylene (CAS No. 116-14-3) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies). 1259 25

Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), cardiovascular mortality, and posttransplant malignancy are complications of conventional immunosuppression after kidney transplantation. The aim was to study feasibility of sirolimus (SRL) maintenance monotherapy in a pilot experience. All patients with SRL monotherapy of at least 6 months follow-up were included. In 19 patients, age 58 (34-74) years, SRL monotherapy was introduced 98.1 (49-193) months after transplantation by withdrawing concomitant immunosuppressants from protocols already including SRL or introducing SRL and withdrawing other immunosuppressants. Follow-up is 20.0 (6-41) months. One patient died from hepatocellular carcinoma, diagnosed before SRL monotherapy, with functioning graft. No rejections occurred. SRL trough concentration was 10.7 (4.6-16.1) microg/L. Creatinine (1.77 [1.0-2.9] mg/dL vs. 1.68 [0.8-3.3] mg/dL after 6 months, 1.97 [0.8-4.6] mg/dL at last follow-up; P=NS). Proteinuria increased tendentially (333 [67-893] vs. 890 [46-4011] mg/day). No significant changes of hemoglobin, triglycerides, or cholesterol occurred. SRL monotherapy late after kidney transplantation is feasible in selected patients.
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PMID:Sirolimus monotherapy: feasible immunosuppression for long-term follow-up of kidney transplantation--a pilot experience. 1631 5

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