Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of hypertension was studied in 374 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and in 1197 non-diabetic controls. The diagnosis of hypertension was made when the mean systolic pressure of three measurements on different occasions was 151 mmHg or greater, or the mean diastolic pressure was 91 mmHg or greater. The prevalence was 42.8% in the diabetics and 17.8% in the controls. It showed a significant difference over age 31 (p less than 0.05). Proteinuria (p less than 0.001), abnormal ECG (p less than 0.01), hyperlipidemia (p less than 0.05) and hypertensive or sclerotic changes of the retina (p less than 0.001) were more frequently observed in the diabetics than in the controls. Hypertension was found in 71% of those with proteinuria, 48% with diabetic retinopathy, 61% with abnormal ECG and 54% with hyperlipidemia in the diabetics. The incidence of proteinuria was 22.8% in the diabetic hypertensives and was 8.3% in the non-diabetic hypertensives (p less than 0.001). 24 subjects out of 119 diabetics, who were normotensive at their initial visits, became hypertensive within 10 years (N-H), and 95 remained normotensive (N-N). 38% of N-H showed proteinuria already on their initial examinations and 3% of N-N did. 73% of those who showed proteinuria on their initial examination became hypertensive and 13% of those who were free from proteinuria did (p less than 0.001). The results suggest that diabetic nephropathy plays an important role in developing hypertension in diabetics.
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PMID:Prevalence of hypertension in diabetes mellitus--its relation to diabetic nephropathy. 399 82

Zinc metabolism in 20 patients with stable type II diabetes mellitus was investigated. Twenty-five percent of these patients had depressed serum zinc concentrations, and all demonstrated hyperzincuria. Urinary zinc loss was greater when proteinuria was present and correlated with the mean serum glucose concentration. Studies of gastrointestinal zinc absorption suggested zinc malabsorption in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Glucose infusion in normal dogs produced hyperzincuria without a diminution in serum zinc. It is concluded that hyperzincuria, resulting from a glucose-mediated process that is not osmotic, interacts with impaired zinc absorption to produce zinc deficiency in patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Abnormal zinc metabolism in type II diabetes mellitus. 688 Nov 79

The detection of overt albuminuria (> 300 mg/g creatinine) in the absence of azotemia was used to diagnose early nephropathy in 34 Pima Indians with NIDDM of 16 +/- 1 years duration. Differential solute clearances were performed serially to define the course of the glomerular injury over 48 months. At baseline, the GFR (107 +/- 5 ml/min), filtration fraction and sieving coefficients of relatively permeant dextrans (< 52 A) were all depressed below corresponding values in 20 normoalbuminuric Pima Indians with a similar duration of NIDDM. Over the ensuing 48 months the GFR (-34%) and filtration fraction (-13%) in the nephropathic patients declined further. The sieving coefficients of large, nearly impermeant dextrans (> 56 A radius) increased selectively and fractional clearances of albumin and IgG increased correspondingly by > 10-fold. Analysis of the findings with pore theory revealed: (1) a progressive decline in pore density and the ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf); and (2) broadening of glomerular pore-size distribution that resulted in greater prominence of large pores (> 70 A radius). We conclude that increasing loss of intrinsic ultrafiltration capacity is the predominant cause of the early and progressive decline in GFR that follows the development of nephropathy in NIDDM. We speculate that progressive impairment of barrier size-selectivity contributes to but does not fully account for the increasingly heavy proteinuria that is observed early in the course of this disorder.
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PMID:Progression of overt nephropathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 754 61

There are few data on the risk factors for diabetic nephropathy in the Asian Indian population, although several studies have shown a high prevalence of the disease in this ethnic group. This study also aimed to assess the role of hyperglycaemia and hypertension in the causation and course of nephropathy in this population, which has low rates of obesity. Retrospective analysis of two groups of non-insulin dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients, one without proteinuria (< 100 mg/day, n = 25) and the other with proteinuria (> or = 500 mg/day, n = 25), matched for age, sex, duration of diabetes and body mass index (BMI) was done to study the factors predisposing to proteinuria and also its progression during a 2 year follow-up. Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors contributory to proteinuria were initial HbA1 and initial systolic blood pressure. The average proteinuria during the follow-up was dependent on the initial and average systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. No correlation was seen between cholesterol or triglyceride values and the change in proteinuria. Creatinine clearance deteriorated in the proteinuric group and this was related to the presence of proteinuria and initial diastolic blood pressure. This study emphasizes the importance of blood pressure in the progression of diabetic nephropathy, even in people who have low BMI. Therefore, good control of blood pressure has an important role to play in the management of this condition.
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PMID:Proteinuria in NIDDM in south India: analysis of predictive factors. 758 11

Sixty-eight cases of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) complicated with nephropathy were randomly divided into two groups: treated group, 35 cases treated with alcohol extraction of Abelmoschus manihot, Gliclazide and Captopril tablets; control group, 33 cases treated with Gliclazide and Captopril tablets, over a period of 8 weeks. The total effective rate in treated and control group were 83.87% and 31.03%(P < 0.01), urinary micro-albumin were 31.7 mg/L and 76.3 mg/L (P < 0.05), proteinuria were 0.41 g/24h and 0.77 g/24h (P < 0.01), blood beta 2-microglobulin were 3317.8 ng/ml and 3473.1 ng/ml (P < 0.05), urinary beta 2-microglobulin were 367.2 ng/ml and 641.5 ng/ml (P < 0.01), urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) were 26.3 u/L and 66.7 u/L (P < 0.01), plasma lipid peroxide (LPO) were 6.13 nmol/L and 8.78 nmol/L (P < 0.05), and plasma superoxide anion were 8.36 kcpm and 10.42 kcpm respectively (P < 0.05). It was suggested that Abemoschus manihot alcohol extraction could eliminate oxygen free radicals, alleviate renal tubular-interstitial diseases, improve renal function and reduce proteinuria.
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PMID:[Clinical observation on diabetic nephropathy treated with alcohol of Abelmoschus manihot]. 764 Apr 95

Effects of 12 months of simvastatin treatment were examined in 48 NIDDM patients with total serum cholesterol levels exceeding 220 mg/dl and were compared with those in 35 nondiabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. In the diabetic group, 5-10 mg of simvastatin given once daily at bedtime significantly lowered total cholesterol (21%). LDL cholesterol (28%), apoB (15%) and triglycerides (8%) levels. These changes were identical to those in the nondiabetic group, except for triglycerides which did not change significantly. HDL cholesterol increased significantly in the nondiabetic group but not in the diabetic group. The reductions in LDL cholesterol and apoB in hypercholesterolemic patients with NIDDM were not influenced by gender, age, glycemic control, the presence or absence of systemic hypertension, obesity and overt proteinuria. In addition, the decrease in LDL cholesterol was not affected by the number of risk factors per patient. Simvastatin did not significantly alter hemoglobin A1c or fasting plasma glucose and was well tolerated in both groups. Simvastatin produced beneficial effects on serum lipids and apolipoproteins and neutral effects on glycemic control in hypercholesterolemic patients with NIDDM, whether or not they had an additional atherosclerotic risk factor.
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PMID:Long-term effects of simvastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients with NIDDM and additional atherosclerotic risk factors. Hyogo Simvastatin Study Group. 764 76

We studied renal function of 194 black subjects with duration of diagnosed NIDDM from 1 month to 36 years to determine the interaction of hypertension and diabetes on nephropathy. Renal function was assessed by isotopic GFR and RPF studies, and serum creatinine. One hundred seventeen of the 194 subjects had 24-hour urinary albumin excretion (AER). AER > 300 mg/24 h correlated with longer duration of NIDDM, decrease in GFR and RPF, and rise in serum Cr, and all subjects were hypertensive. AER 30 to 300 mg/24 h also correlated with a longer duration of NIDDM and 80% had hypertension. When 194 subjects were grouped according to duration of NIDDM and the presence or absence of hypertension, subjects who remained normotensive had normal renal function. In hypertensive subjects a decrease in GFR occurred with duration of NIDDM > 1 year and decrease in RPF with duration of NIDDM > 5 years. In hypertensive subjects with NIDDM > 10 years, 36% had impaired renal function (GFR < 80 ml/min/1.73 m2 or serum creatinine > 1.4 mg/dl) and 75% had microalbuminuria or clinical proteinuria. Within this group, those subjects who developed hypertension after their diagnosis of diabetes were likely to have evidence of nephropathy as compared to those subjects whose hypertension was diagnosed prior to or simultaneous with their diabetes: 17 of 20 (85%) versus 7 of 13 (54%), respectively (P = 0.05). These data provide insight into the relationship between hypertension and diabetes in the development of nephropathy in black NIDDM individuals.
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PMID:Interaction of hypertension and diabetes on renal function in black NIDDM subjects. 764 39

Since diabetes is a major health problem in Malta a study was conducted to gain a better insight into one of its most common complications, that of retinopathy. A random sample of 200 cases of adult onset diabetes with retinopathy who attended the main hospital's diabetes clinic was assessed by an experienced ophthalmologist. Non-proliferative retinopathy was subdivided into three degrees of severity according to the number of microaneurysms, haemorrhages, exudates, and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities present while proliferative retinopathy included also advanced eye disease. Data on medical and family histories was gathered from personal interrogation and counterchecked from hospital files. A medical examination searched for other concomitant disease. The 124 females and 73 males were similarly aged with a mean of 59.5 +/- 11.5 years. The mean age at onset of diabetes was 44.4 +/- 7.9 years: no significant differences were seen between the grades of retinopathy or the sexes. Onset of eye disease was first detected at a mean age of 56.9 +/- 7.0 years. The great majority (82%) of retinopathy cases occurred after 10 years of diabetes. Males appeared to develop eye disease (especially non-proliferative) at a younger age (53.4 +/- 7.6 vs 58.9 +/- 6.6 years, p < 0.01) and after a shorter duration of diabetes (10.1 +/- 6.6 vs 14.0 +/- 7.8 years, p < 0.001) than females. Severity of retinopathy was strongly associated (p < 0.001), in females rather more than in males, with poor glycaemic control, use of insulin, presence of proteinuria and decreasing vision; and less markedly (p < 0.01) with duration of diabetes of more than 10 years, neuropathy and glaucoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Retinopathy in Maltese type 2 diabetic patients. 764 10

The histopathological characteristics of the kidney using light microscopy and immunofluorescence studies in samples obtained by renal percutaneous biopsy in 19 women and 7 men with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (mean of age: 55.07 +/- 9.04 yr and mean of "known" diabetes duration: 7.50 +/- 6.87 yr) were studied. The relationship with age, blood pressure, diabetic retinopathy and other complementary diagnostic methods such as serum creatinine (Cr), creatinine clearance (CrC), renal plasma flow (RPF), proteinuria and filtration fraction (FF) were also determined. Light microscopy studies detected 92.3% of patients with renal lesions of different degrees of severity. The presence and severity of glomerulopathy and arteriolopathy were related to diabetes duration (r: 0.764) and they were related to each other (rs: 0.773). In 2 patients, lesions were not observed and in 11 out of 14 patients with less than 5 yr of diabetes duration, mild lesions were detected. However, the histological changes became worse after that period. The glomerulopathy was also statistically correlated with Cr, CrC, RPF, proteinuria and FF. By immunofluorescence, fibrinogen, IgA and C3 were the most frequent and intense precipitates observed. They increased with diabetes duration and were located predominantly in the wall and the periphery of the glomerules and in renal tubules, suggesting that they originated by trapping. There were no precipitates in the mesenchyma, they were scarce in the interstice, Bowman's capsule and arterioles. Statistical correlation between diabetic histopathological renal changes and retinopathy was found. These results confirm that lesions in the kidney and retina in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients generally appear and evolve in a similar manner. Hypertension was diagnosed in 80.76% of patients, without statistical correlation between blood pressure and renal lesions. This suggests that at the onset, in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients hypertension and nephro-pathy are caused by different and independent pathogenic mechanisms. However, at an end stage, it seems that both situations can influence each other in a way that their evolution becomes more severe. Nephropathy in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus displayed scarce clinical signs and poor laboratory evidence except when the renal lesions become too severe. The lack of correlation between renal lesions and patients' age and blood pressure suggests the participation of diabetes at the onset of kidney structural impairment.
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PMID:[Histopathological and functional study of the kidney in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]. 771 26

Pentoxifylline is a drug with hemorheological actions used in the management of microcirculatory abnormalities, such as those usually seen in diabetic patients. The drug has been successfully used in improving peripheral and central circulation, as well as proteinuria of long-term diabetes. With the hypothesis that pentoxifylline reduces proteinuria in patients with IDDM and NIDDM, with a wide range of urinary protein excretion, 86 diabetic patients were studied. Forty-one patients with IDDM were stratified in 2 subgroups: one of 18 patients with microalbuminuria, and the other of 23 patients with overt proteinuria. In the same way, 45 patients with NIDDM were divided in 2 subgroups: one of 23 patients with microalbuminuria, and the other of 22 patients with proteinuria. Patients in each subgroup were randomized to receive either placebo or pentoxifylline 1,200 mg/d, during 4 months, using a double blind design. At the beginning of the study and after treatment, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion was measured by nephelometry in each patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pentoxifylline reduces proteinuria in insulin-dependent and non insulin-dependent diabetic patients. 773 73


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