Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 13-year-old boy was admitted to this hospital for evaluation of pitting edema of both legs. Three years ago, he had been diagnosed to have nephrotic syndrome. Two and half years ago, because of persistent heavy proteinuria, poor response to steroids and frequent relapse of disease, a renal biopsy was done; characteristics of IgM nephropathy was shown. About a year previously, the patient felt dizziness and weakness of the left side of his body upon awakening one morning. Neurologic examination showed loss of muscle tone, muscle power and deep tendon reflexes. Sensory and cranial nerve function were intact. Blood pressure was normal. The CT scan of brain showed a patch of low attenuation area in the right temporal region, obliteration of the right cortical sulci and mild compression of right lateral ventricle. A diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome with right cerebral infarction was made. The patient's condition became stable two days later after mannitol infusion, correction of electrolytes, and supportive therapy. According to literature, most cases of nephrotic syndrome complicate with renal thrombosis, pulmonary emboli, and deep vein thrombosis. Few cases complicate with cerebral thrombosis and infarction. If patient have low plasma albumin and anti-thrombin III level, hyperfunction of platelet aggregability and use long-term diuretic therapy, they may be at higher risk of thromboembolic complications. If thromboembolic complications exist, anticoagulation treatment should be instituted. Prophylactic therapy with aspirin or dicumarol is not currently recommended.
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PMID:[Nephrotic syndrome complicated with cerebral infarction: report of one case]. 182 17

We describe two adult patients who presented with acute cerebral infarction and were found to have a hypercoagulable state due to nephrotic syndrome. One patient had a deficiency of free protein-S. The other patient had a pulmonary embolus 4 months after the stroke. Our cases demonstrate that the hypercoagulable state associated with nephrotic syndrome can be associated with cerebral arterial thrombosis and infarction in adults. Examination of the urine remains an important part of the evaluation of patients with recent stroke. The presence of severe proteinuria and a low serum albumin content should prompt consideration of a hypercoagulable state. Our experience suggests that anticoagulant drugs may be required to reduce the risk of new thrombotic events.
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PMID:Cerebral infarction in patients with nephrotic syndrome. 151 97

Vascular disease in hypertension is of two types. Disease of arterioles and small arteries affects predominantly the kidney and brain, and is due directly to the hypertension itself. Atheroma mainly affects large and medium size arteries and hypertension is only one of several factors involved in its causation. Clinical evidence of small vessel disease includes retinopathy, proteinuria and lacunar cerebral infarction. Assessment of atheromatous disease usually involves angiography. The recent development of non-invasive techniques such as digital subtraction angiography and ultrasound imaging promises to improve the assessment of vascular disease.
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PMID:Assessment of vascular involvement in hypertension. 386 42

A study was made of the incidence of cerebrovascular disease, the chronological trends, and the relationship between the disease types and risk factors in 16,491 citizens of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The subjects underwent medical examination at least once between 1958-74, and were free of cerebrovascular disease at the initial examination. During the 16-year period, 1.162 cases of cerebrovascular disease developed in the study population, with diagnosis definite in 621. By type, there were 108 cases of cerebral hemorrhage, 469 cases of cerebral infarction, 33 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 11 cases of other unclassifiable types. As a risk factor of cerebral hemorrhage, elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was the most closely related to onset, and left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram (ECG), and proteinuria were also related. However, a tendency was seen for the risk to be higher when the levels of serum cholesterol were lower. In cerebral infarction, aging like systolic blood pressure, was a most important risk factor. Left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG, proteinuria, and diabetes could also be risk factors. However, the relation to blood pressure, especially diastolic blood pressure, was not so great as in the case of cerebral hemorrhage.
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PMID:Cerebrovascular diseases in a fixed population of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, with special reference to relationship between type and risk factors. 623 35

The relationship of serum cholesterol and other risk factors to cardiovascular disease was investigated in a 16-year cohort of 16,711 residents of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Examined in detail were the relationship of serum cholesterol, and the joint relationships of serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and other risk factors to coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebral infarction (CI), and cerebral hemorrhage (CH). Baseline and biennially collected risk factor data were analyzed. The latter type of measurement permitted separate investigation of both the short-term and long-term effects of cholesterol measurements. In both types of analyses, both serum cholesterol and blood pressure showed strong associations with CHD incidence. In particular, there were strong associations with short-term and delayed CHD incidence. Furthermore, the association of cholesterol with short-term CHD incidence could not be explained by its association with delayed CHD incidence, or vice versa. Multivariate analyses that also included several other risk factors (smoking habits, clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, left ventricular hypertrophy or strain on electrocardiogram, relative body weight, hematocrit, and proteinuria) for which data were available showed such risk factors to be of lesser, but generally non-negligible, importance in this population. In the case of CH and CI, serum cholesterol was found to be weakly or not at all related to incidence of either disease while blood pressure remained a strong correlate. For CI some suggestion of a statistical interaction between blood pressure and serum cholesterol was found. Discussed are implications for theories of disease pathogenesis for CHD, CI and CH.
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PMID:Serum cholesterol, other risk factors, and cardiovascular disease in a Japanese cohort. 674 46

The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). A group of 100 patients (50 men and 50 women) aged 50 years or over with PVD and another group of 200 age-sex-matched patients (100 men and 100 women) without PVD were studied. The mean +/- standard error of ages for subjects with and without PVD were 60.8 +/- 0.6 years and 59.7 +/- 0.3 years, respectively. Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the systolic pressures of the brachial, posterior tibial and dorsal pedal arteries bilaterally. The diagnosis of PVD was made by an ankle-brachial index (ABI) < 0.90 and the diagnosis of non-PVD by an ABI > 1.00. The association of PVD with diabetic duration, body mass index (BMI), cerebral infarction (CI), coronary heart disease (CHD), proteinuria, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, hypertension, and cigarette smoking was evaluated. In addition, biochemical data including fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin (HD)Alc, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were studied. In univariate analysis, PVD was associated with an increased level of systolic blood pressure (SBP), BUN and Cr, cigarette smoking, CI, CHD, proteinuria and retinopathy. In stepwise logistic regression analysis, the level of SBP, cigarette smoking and CI remained statistically significant. The log odds of PVD could be expressed as: -2.834 + 0.013 (SBP in mmHg) + 0.577 (cigarette smoking) + 1.320 (CI). PVD is the result of aggregation of atherosclerotic risk factors; among those factors noted in this study, SBP, cigarette smoking and CI are important.
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PMID:Atherosclerotic risk factors for peripheral vascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. 785 48

In November 1990, we carried out a survey of chronic complications of diabetes in more than 2000 diabetic patients who were seen on one day in 35 medical institutions including university hospitals, other hospitals and small clinics. More than 60% were aged 55-74 years. About 7% of patients had IDDM. Hypertension was present in 38.5%. Proteinuria was positive in 20% and 1% of patients were on dialysis therapy. 28% had visual disturbance and 2.9% had blindness in one or both eyes. Retinopathy was observed in 38% and proliferative retinopathy in 10%. The prevalences of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, cerebral infarction and foot ulcer and gangrene were 2.1%, 4.7%, 5.7% and 2%, respectively, including the histories of these complications. Amputation of lower extremities was seen in only 0.6%. Microangiopathies were generally more frequent and more severe in IDDM than NIDDM. The prevalence of microangiopathy was as common as, but macroangiopathy seems less frequent than, the figures given in 'Diabetes in America'.
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PMID:Prevalence of chronic complications in Japanese diabetic patients. 785

The case of a young, heterosexual man who was investigated for proteinuria is reported. A renal biopsy specimen showed a focal and segmental membranous glomerulopathy. He was later found to be HIV positive and died from cerebral infarction associated with HIV vasculitis 16 months after his initial presentation. Unusual forms of immune complex mediated glomerulopathies should alert the pathologist to the possibility of HIV associated disease.
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PMID:AIDS presenting as focal segmental membranous glomerulopathy. 813 37

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is widely believed to be a relatively benign form of hypertension associated with a low incidence of vascular complications. However, several recent studies showed that cardiovascular complications were not rare in PA. PA is known as one of the most typical forms of sodium-sensitive hypertension. Recently, we found that the sodium sensitivity of blood pressure was a marker for greater risk for cardiovascular complications, especially stroke, in patients with essential hypertension. Therefore, we investigated cardiovascular complications in 58 patients with PA confirmed to be Conn's adenoma. Cardiovascular complications were found in 34% of 58 patients. Coronary artery disease was found in only one patient (1.7%), as angina pectoris. Stroke was found in nine patients (15.5%), four patients (6.9%) with cerebral infarctions and five patients (8.6%) with cerebral hemorrhages. Proteinuria and renal insufficiency were found in 14 (24.1%) and 4 (6.9%) patients, respectively. The incidence of cerebral infarction and renal insufficiency was greater in men than women. The prevalence of proteinuria was greater in patients with than without stroke (P = 0.03) among those aged older than 40 years. These results indicated that cardiovascular complications, especially stroke and proteinuria, were common in patients with PA, and proteinuria might be an indicator for stroke as target-organ damage.
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PMID:Cardiovascular complications in patients with primary aldosteronism. 1002 36

We report two patients who survived childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) following treatment with chemotherapy, total body irradiation (TBI) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The first case presented with an acute cerebral infarction at 23 years of age and was found to have non-ketotic diabetes and gross mixed hyperlipidaemia; the second presented with non-ketotic diabetes, hypertension, proteinuria and dyslipidaemia at age 16 years. The association of glucose intolerance with other vascular risk factors in young adult survivors of BMT was recently highlighted in a follow-up study of 23 survivors of BMT [1], but none presented with such gross mixed hyperlipidaemia. The improving survival rates of childhood malignancy over the last two decades will present adult physicians with patients who have accelerated vascular risk at a young age who will require early treatment to modify it.
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PMID:Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular risk following treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood; two case reports and a literature review. 1167 78


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