Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Analyses of prognostic factors have allowed the design of staging systems in different haematological disorders. In a series of 220 patients with multiple myeloma, univariate analysis showed that nine parameters had a significant adverse effect on survival; poor performance status (Karnowsky scaling system less than 70%), infections before diagnosis, renal impairment (assessed either by creatinine clearance greater than 2 mg dl-1 or urea greater than 40 mg dl-1), serum calcium (greater than 10 mg dl-1), severe anaemia (less than 8.5 g dl-1), the presence of Bence-Jones proteinuria, failure to achieve complete remission, more than 40% plasma cells in bone marrow and a low paraprotein index (monoclonal component/% plasma cells: P less than 0.09). In addition, this index correlated significantly with all the other prognostic factors except performance status. The best combination of disease characteristics selected by means of the Cox regression proportional hazards method were performance status and creatinine levels. Additionally, by factor analysis of principal components we obtained a regression equation that included creatinine levels, haemoglobin, performance status and paraprotein index. Using this it was possible to separate the series of patients into three risk categories: A (65 patients), B (69 patients) and C (65 patients) with a median survival of 41, 24 and 12 months, respectively. The model provided similar results to those of the British Medical Research Council, whereas the staging systems proposed by Durie and Salmon, Merlin et al. and Carbone et al. had a lower discriminant value in our series.
Br J Cancer 1989 Jan
PMID:Prognostic factors and classification in multiple myeloma. 275 17

We have retrospectively evaluated 24 sepsis episodes caused by viridans streptococci in 23 neutropenic children during a 21 months period at the Pediatric Hematology Unit of St. Louis Hospital. The underlying malignancies included acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute non lymphoblastic leukemia, aplastic anemia and solid tumor. In 17 children neutropenia, defined as a neutrophil count of less than 500 per cubic millimeter, was caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy. For 6 other children neutropenia was consequential to pretransplant treatment regimen for autologous bone marrow transplantation including cytotoxic chemotherapy and total body irradiation. All patients had a silicone rubber atrial catheter. In 9 patients sepsis was associated only with fever for less than 48 hours. In 5 other children fever was prolonged more than 72 hours in spite of specific antimicrobial therapy. No other organism was isolated. In 10 patients, however, the infectious syndrome was severe and the features included cardiac failure (7 patients), pneumonia (7 patients) resembling adult respiratory distress syndrome, encephalopathy (3 patients) without meningitis and proteinuria, 7 of these patients needed a management in a pediatric intensive care unit and 2 died in spite of adapted antibiotics. Streptococci were isolated in blood cultures in 23 children.
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PMID:[Frequency and severity of systemic infections caused by Streptococcus mitis and sanguis II in neutropenic children]. 278 Jan 2

Monoclonal antibody 791T/36, recognizing a Mr 72,000 antigen on the surface of colon carcinoma cells, has been used to construct an immunotoxin by conjugating to it the ribosomal inhibitor protein, ricin toxin A chain. The antibody 791T/36 has been shown to bind to membranes of freshly disaggregated tumor cells from human colon tumors, and to localize in tumors in vivo. Subacute toxicology testing in rats receiving immunotoxin i.v. showed, at highest doses, weight loss, decreased serum albumin, and hepatocyte vacuolization without elevation in liver function tests. A Phase I dose escalation study was carried out in which 17 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were treated with doses of immunotoxin ranging from 0.02 to 0.2 mg/kg/day in 1-h i.v. infusions for a 5-day course. Side-effects included a composite of signs and symptoms thought to be generic to ricin A chain immunotoxins, including decreased serum albumin, mild fever, and flu-like symptoms, all being reversible. Two additional findings, reversible proteinuria and mental status changes, were also noted which may be characteristic of this immunotoxin. By 10-20 days after therapy, most patients developed IgM and IgG antibodies against both the ricin toxin A chain and the immunoglobulin portion of the immunotoxin, which were asymptomatic. A strong anticombining site antibody response was seen. Biological activity manifest as mixed tumor regression was seen in five patients.
Cancer Res 1989 Nov 01
PMID:Phase I study of monoclonal antibody-ricin A chain immunotoxin XomaZyme-791 in patients with metastatic colon cancer. 279 Aug 28

Autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice were treated with the immunostimulating anti-cancer drug OK-432 (a streptococcal preparation), a potent inducer of tumour necrosis factor. Treatment was initiated at 8 weeks of age, before the onset of the autoimmune disease. OK-432 prevented the development of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis in a dose-dependent manner, and prolonged the life in this strain of mice. At 36 weeks of age, the incidence of proteinuria was 90% in the controls, 60% in the 0.5-KE(1 KE = 0.1 mg) treatment group, and 33% in the 2.0-KE group. The 50% survival time was 23 weeks for the controls; 32 weeks for the 0.5-KE group; and greater than 36 weeks for the 2.0-KE group. Immune complex deposition in glomeruli was significantly reduced in the treated groups. The IgM class of serum autoantibody levels was significantly increased by OK-432 treatment but the IgG class was almost unchanged. Furthermore, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly were not suppressed. The results indicate that OK-432 may be useful in the treatment of autoimmune disease in humans.
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PMID:Autoimmune kidney disease in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice inhibited by OK-432, a streptococcal preparation. 280 13

OK-432 (a streptococcal preparation) has been widely used for cancer immunotherapy in Japan. It is a potent immunostimulator, activating macrophages and T lymphocytes, and increasing the production of TNF and several other cytokines in both humans and animals. In the present study, we evaluated the prophylactic effect of OK-432 on the development of autoimmune kidney disease in NZB/W F1 (BWF1) mice. The mice were given 0.5 or 2.0 KE ('klinische Einheit'; clinical unit) of OK-432 intraperitoneally every week from 21 weeks of age to the time of death. The control group received the same volume of saline (vehicle). OK-432 delayed the development of proteinuria and prolonged the survival of these mice dose dependently. At 49 weeks, 33.3% of control mice were alive, whereas 55.6% in the 0.5-KE- and 75% in the 2.0-KE-treated mice were alive. In the control group, the serum cholesterol level increased due to the development of glomerulonephritis. In contrast, mice treated with OK-432 had significantly lower levels of serum cholesterol. The serum levels of anti-DNA and anti-TNP antibodies were not affected by OK-432 administration. OK-432 induced the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the peritoneal fluid in the BWF1 mice. These results indicate that the effect of OK-432 in preventing the development of autoimmune disease in the mice may result from the stimulation of the endogenous TNF-alpha production.
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PMID:The biological response modifier OK-432 (a streptococcal preparation) inhibits the development of autoimmune kidney disease in NZB/W F1 hybrid mice: possible involvement of tumor necrosis factor. 280 78

We assessed the acute and chronic effect of multiple courses of cisplatin therapy on renal tubules by monitoring the urinary excretion of alanine aminopeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and total protein. Urine specimens were obtained before and after doses of cisplatin (90 mg/m2) given to 12 patients. Each dose of cisplatin induced transient increases in enzyme excretion, followed by proteinuria 3-5 days later. Transient enzymuria after the last cisplatin dose was significantly greater than that after the first dose. Moreover, persistent increases in urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and serum creatinine concentrations over pretherapy levels indicated chronic renal tubular damage. Our findings disclosed striking differences between patients in susceptibility to progressive nephrotoxicity.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1986
PMID:Cumulative renal tubular damage associated with cisplatin nephrotoxicity. 287 8

We monitored acute tubular damage in 16 patients who received a 5-day course of ifosfamide (1.6 g/m2/day) and mesna (1.2 g/m2/day) therapy. Urinary concentrations of alanine aminopeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and total protein increased in every patient, but the extent of tubular toxicity varied widely among patients. Evidence of toxicity was greatest in patients whose tumors involved the kidneys. The time course of enzymuria and proteinuria indicated tubular cell necrosis. We observed this acute toxic effect despite the administration of sufficient mesna to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis. Urinary marker concentrations returned towards pre-dose levels, and there were no increases in serum creatinine concentrations measured 3 weeks after treatment.
Cancer Treat Rep 1987 Feb
PMID:Ifosfamide-induced subclinical tubular nephrotoxicity despite mesna. 287 26

We compared the acute tubular nephrotoxicity of three platinum compounds in children and adults with solid tumors by monitoring the urinary excretion of alanine aminopeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and total protein. Cisplatin (100 mg/m2) was administered with mannitol, or at a twofold larger total dosage (50 mg/m2 per day for 4 days) in a 3% saline infusion. Carboplatin (300 mg/m2) was administered in combination with 5-fluorouracil, and iproplatin was administered in dosages ranging from 216 to 388 mg/m2. Enzymuria and proteinuria induced by cisplatin at a total dosage of 200 mg/m2 on a divided schedule did not significantly differ from that observed for the single 100 mg/m2 dose. Enzymuria and proteinuria induced by carboplatin and iproplatin were significantly less than that for cisplatin; however, one patient developed chronic tubular damage after three courses of carboplatin, and the acute tubular toxicity of iproplatin in one of 15 patients was exceptional. Our findings support the value of administering cisplatin in hypertonic saline on a divided schedule as a strategy to reduce acute tubular damage. Although carboplatin and iproplatin are less nephrotoxic than cisplatin, occasionally patients experience subclinical acute or chronic tubular damage that may lead to overt nephrotoxicity with continued therapy.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1987
PMID:Carboplatin (CBDCA), iproplatin (CHIP), and high dose cisplatin in hypertonic saline evaluated for tubular nephrotoxicity. 288 Jun 77

In a consecutive material of 652 E. coli bacteremia 70 episodes (11%) were found in 64 patients with diabetes mellitus. 10 patients had insulin-dependent and 54 had non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The E. coli strains were tested for adhesive properties as mediated by P-fimbriae, a virulence factor in human urinary tract infections. Half of the strains were P-fimbriated with a higher occurrence in women (26/42, 62%) than in men (9/27, 33%). Diabetic patients with a positive urine culture had a higher incidence of P-fimbriated E. coli strains (27/37, 73%) in blood culture than patients with negative or no urine culture taken (8/32, 25%). Furthermore, patients without compromising factors, regardless of their diabetes mellitus, had a higher incidence of P-fimbriated E. coli strains (19/29, 66%) than those with malignancies and other debilitating diseases (6/22, 27%). The high incidence of P-fimbriated E. coli strains in the non-compromised patients may depend on the ability of such bacteria to invade the urinary tract and cause acute pyelonephritis, which often precedes E. coli bacteremia. A lower incidence of P-fimbriated E. coli strains was found in patients with proteinuria prior to the bacteremic episode (10/31, 32%), compared to those without proteinuria (25/35, 71%). No correlation was noted between P-fimbriation and duration of diabetes or serum creatinine. The low incidence of P-fimbriated E. coli strains in patients with proteinuria indicates that nephropathy, or some concurrent complication, predisposes the diabetic patient to bacteremia with low virulent, non-P-fimbriated E. coli.
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PMID:Bacteremia with P-fimbriated Escherichia coli in diabetic patients: correlation between proteinuria and non-P-fimbriated strains. 289 4

The clinical significance of Bence Jones (BJ) proteinuria at low concentration (less than 0.2 g/24 hours) was investigated in 33 unselected patients who had no intact monoclonal immunoglobulin in their serum. The great majority (79%) of the patients were recognized as having malignant lymphoproliferative diseases, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (46%), hairy cell leukemia (6%), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (27%), whereas only two patients (6%) had multiple myeloma or systemic amyloidosis. Five patients (15%) had no evidence of definite malignant immunoproliferative disorders at the time of recognition of BJ proteinuria. Three of them, who were excreting steadily low amounts of BJ protein in their urine for 47, 61, and 73 months, respectively, without development of any B-lymphocytic malignancy, were classified as having a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. In the remaining two patients, BJ protein disappeared spontaneously 14 and 18 months, respectively, after its recognition. The study indicates that pure BJ proteinuria, even when occurring at low concentration, is most consistently associated with malignant proliferations of B-lymphocytic origin. However, the possibility should be considered that the clinical spectrum of the monoclonal gammopathy of the light chain type also includes benign and transient forms.
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PMID:The clinical significance of pure Bence Jones proteinuria at low concentration. 292 4


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