Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We performed 308 series renal biopsies during 4 years (1985-1989) and 289 cases were examined by light microscopic, electron microscopic, or immunofluorescent study. Clinically, chronic nephritic syndrome was most frequent (55.4%), followed by nephrotic syndrome (15.1%), and recurrent or persistent hematuria (12.8%). Pathologically, IgA nephropathy was most popular (39.3%), followed by normal glomerulus (9.1%), and thin basement membrane disease (8.7%). Glomerulonephritis clinically recognized with recurrent or persistent hematuria, hardly showing proteinuria, in 81.6% of the cases, consisted of normal glomerulus, or thin basement membrane disease by electron microscopic and immunofluorescent examinations. The remainder (18.4%) was with IgA nephropathy, which was histologically mild. On the other hand, cases of chronic nephritic syndrome (latent type) with persistent proteinuria and hematuria were with glomerulonephritis of various types including IgA nephropathy in 78.8% of the total cases. Therefore, proteinuria is an important sign of glomerulonephritis. In investigation in different age groups, IgA nephropathy was seen in about 40% of both pediatric and adult cases, whereas minor glomerular abnormalities and thin basement membrane disease were more frequent in pediatric cases. Tubulo-interstitial lesions and glomerular lesions in vascular or metabolic diseases were recognized more in adults than in children. Membranous glomerulonephritis (17 cases including 4 pediatric cases), complicated with malignant tumors such as bladder or rectal cancers and hepatoma was found in 3 aged patients. Examination for malignant tumor would be necessary for aged patients with membranous glomerulonephritis. As for the prognosis of IgA nephropathy, because histological changes of IgA nephropathy varied widely from very mild state to severe state, the prognosis is not always good.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Clinicopathological study of patients presenting hematuria and proteinuria by renal biopsy]. 204 2

A chelator, dichloromethane diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), used to treat for malignancy-induced hypercalcemia, has nephrotoxic potential. An acute animal model developed to examine the mechanism was used to further characterize the renal effects. NAG enzymuria appears to be an early premonitor of injury. Ultrastructurally, an increase in size and number of protein-containing phagolysosomal reabsorption droplets in proximal convoluted tubules associated with proteinuria precedes advent of tubular cell necrosis indicating these organelles to be a potential target site for Cl2MDP in the kidney. In vitro studies using rabbit cortical tubules and rat brush border membrane vesicle preparations suggest that the renal toxicity is not due to perturbation of phosphate transport or oxidative metabolism. An operational hypothesis emerges indicating that Cl2MDP may be protein bound affecting carrier protein charge facilitating glomerular leakage with tubular accumulation via protein transport. Cl2MDP may induce critical cation perturbation at the subcellular level as the mechanism of cell death.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of the early ultrastructural and biochemical events occurring in dichloromethane diphosphonate nephrotoxicity. 215 Dec 1

Cisplatin is currently one of the most used agents in the treatment of cancer and it is essential in the treatment of germ cell cancer. The use of the drug is hampered by side effects - especially renal toxicity which is dose limiting. The present work was undertaken to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. Immediately after administration of cisplatin to dogs, renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remained unchanged, while proximal reabsorption rates decreased significantly. The cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity is thus initiated by an acute, mainly proximal tubular impairment, preceding alterations in renal hemodynamics. These data were confirmed in a micropuncture study in rats. At 48 to 72 hours after administration of cisplatin depressed renal function could be attributed to impairment of proximal as well as distal tubular reabsorptive capacities, now associated with increased renal vascular resistance. After administration of 4 cycles of 20 mg cisplatin/m2 d. for 5 days in humans, a small but significant decrease in 51Cr-EDTA clearance was observed. In the high-dose cisplatin group (40 mg/m2 d. for 5 days) a severe progressive decrease in GFR was observed during treatment and GFR remained decreased for up to 2 years after termination of treatment. The observation of an acute increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-2-microglobulin indicates a primary tubular effect of cisplatin also in humans. A marked reduction of proximal tubular reabsorptive capacities of sodium and water was also observed in this group, together with a decrease in distal tubular function. These changes persist for at least 6 months after treatment. In the high-dose group proteinuria developed. This was mainly of tubular origin during cisplatin infusion and of glomerular origin between treatment cycles. Cisplatin remains one of the most potent antineoplastic agents ever developed. Further work should be performed to reduce its potential for renal toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: experimental and clinical studies. 217 84

Nephrotoxicity from exposure to therapeutic agents and chemicals in the environment and workplace results in a broad spectrum of clinical renal disease that may mimic disorders from other causes. Nephrotoxic agents may, in fact, be responsible for some fraction of renal disease of undetermined etiology. Specific diagnosis and treatment by removal from exposure to the toxic agent is more likely in the early phase of the disorder. Measurement and characterization of proteinuria provides the most sensitive and reliable method of early detection. Increased urinary excretion of serum proteins with molecular weight in excess of 50,000, such as albumin and transferrin, is an early indicator of glomerular injury. Low-molecular-weight proteinuria (beta 2-microglobulin or retinol-binding protein) and enzymuria, particularly excretion of NAG, are sensitive indicators of renal tubular cell injury. Tests that reflect hypersensitivity reactions are often indicative of immunologically mediated nephrotoxicity but are not specific for the kidney. Cancers of the kidney and urinary bladder appear to be increasing and are most common among the socially active and affluent. Susceptibility of the urinary tract to toxicity and carcinogenicity reflect contact of excreted toxins with the epithelial cells of nephrons and urinary bladder.
 ...
PMID:Environmentally related diseases of the urinary tract. 218 Dec 10

In order to detect even subclinical hints of nephrotoxicity after application of carboplatin, sensitive non-invasive methods, e.g. determination of urinary enzyme (lactate dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase), glomerular and tubular protein excretion (albumin, alpha-1-microglobulin) and determination of the creatinine clearance, were used. Eighteen patients with small-cell lung cancer entered the study. All patients were treated with the three-drug combination chemotherapy: vincristine (1.5 mg i.v. on days 1, 8, 15, 22), etopside (escalating doses: 100-160 mg/m2 on days 1-3) and carboplatin (300 mg/m2 day 1). Investigations were made during the first, third and fifth treatment cycles. Deterioration of renal function occurred in 4 out of 18 patients in all three observed treatment courses. Abnormal amounts in the excretion of at least one of four urinary enzymes were found in 6 out of 18 patients during the first cycle and in 4 out of 8 patients during the third and fifth cycles. All patients with pathological enzymuria during the first treatment course also developed an increased enzymuria during cycles 3 and 5. Four patients developed pathological proteinuria during the first and 2 patients during the third and fifth cycles. These findings demonstrate that the new platinum analogue, carboplatin, is capable of inducing renal damage. In comparison with cisplatinum, the nephrotoxicity of this new analogue is reduced but not completely eliminated.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1990
PMID:Investigations on the acute and chronic nephrotoxicity of the new platinum analogue carboplatin. 218 39

Twenty-two patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were diagnosed as amyloidosis by biopsy or at autopsy were investigated. The average duration of RA prior to the diagnosis of amyloidosis was 16.5 +/- 12.5 years. The symptoms that led to the diagnosis of amyloidosis were renal symptoms in 11 cases and gastrointestinal symptoms in 5 cases. Urinary protein was positive in 16 cases (73%). The degree of proteinuria varied in each case. Nephrotic syndrome was observed in 5 cases. Azotemia (Cr greater than 1.5 mg/dl) was present in 18 cases (82%). The period from the diagnosis of amyloidosis to death was 3.0 +/- 2.2 years. The causes of death were uremia in 10 cases, heart failure in 2 cases, malignancy in 2 cases, sepsis in 2 cases and others in 2 cases. Thirteen patients were autopsied and the frequency of amyloidosis complicated with RA was 22.0% in autopsied rheumatoid patients. Although nephropathy was present in most cases of amyloidosis complicated with RA, proteinuria and azotemia greatly varied in both degree and course.
 ...
PMID:Clinical studies on amyloidosis complicated with rheumatoid arthritis--with particular reference to nephropathy. 227 6

Bence Jones proteins (monoclonal free light chains of immunoglobulins) are the earliest known biological markers of malignant cell dyscrasia; Bence Jones proteinuria is also present in many types of B cell-related neoplasms. Sometimes, it may also occur in Hodgkin's disease. In some cases, benign monoclonal gammapathy was found to be associated nontumorous diseases as well. The type of monoclonal light chain, the degree of polymerization, and the isoelectric point of the molecule may affect the course of the disease. Urine samples from 637 patients with true or suspected lymphoproliferative diseases were investigated over a 2-yr period by different immunochemical methods. Bence Jones proteinuria was identified in 71 cases by isoelectric focusing combined with immunofixation, while the pathological protein was detected only in 63 cases by conventional methods. Bence Jones proteins can be detected by this new method at a level below the sensitivity of conventional procedures. Bence Jones proteins in the urine may signal a malignant tumor or malignant transformation of an earlier disease. The early detection of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains in the urine may be important in clinical diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up.
 ...
PMID:Monoclonal free light chains in urine and their significance in clinical diagnostics: are they really tumor markers? 228 64

In investigation of hematuria the aim is as much to exclude serious illness as to establish the diagnosis. Hematuria which is demonstrated by a test strip should always be verified by examination of sediment. The further investigation comprises depiction of the kidneys with ultrasound examination together with cytological inspection of the urine and cystoscopy. The investigation is supplemented at need with computer tomography or angiography. Hematuria and simultaneous proteinuria or the incidence of pathological cylinders indicate parenchymatous kidney disease where the diagnosis is verified by renal biopsy. Hematuria in young individuals is usually due to infection, concrement or parenchymatous kidney disease. Already at age 40, however, cancer must be considered.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnosis in hematuria]. 234 69

Carbetimer (carboxyimamidate) is a low molecular weight derivative of ethylene/maleic anhydride polymer. This compound has demonstrated antitumor activity against several animal models with a daily x 5 schedule appearing most effective. A phase I clinical study of the daily x 5 schedule repeated every 28 days was therefore performed. Forty-one evaluable patients received 66 evaluable cycles of Carbetimer at daily doses ranging from 100-11,000 mg/m2. Hypercalcemia was the dose limiting toxicity with both patients at the 11,000 mg/m2 daily dose level and one patient who received 6 cycles of drug at the 4200 mg/m2 dose level developing severe hypercalcemia not explained by the underlying malignancy. Mild nausea, concentration and rate dependent arm pain at the site of infusion, proteinuria, and coagulopathy were also seen. Calcium balance studies revealed hypercalciuria, suggesting increased mobilization of calcium rather than renal retention. In vitro coagulation studies revealed concentration dependent prolongation of the partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time. No complete or partial responses were seen. However mixed response or biochemical response (reduction in serum lactic dehydrogenase) were seen in 5 patients with melanoma or renal cancer. Due to unacceptable toxicity at the 11,000 mg/m2 daily dose level, Carbetimer 8500 mg/m2 is the recommended dose for a 5-day treatment schedule every 28 days. Special attention should be directed toward possible activity against melanoma and renal cancer.
 ...
PMID:Phase I trial of a 5-day course of carbetimer. 238 16

The pathogenesis, prognosis, and reversibility of renal failure were assessed in 494 consecutive, previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma. For patients with a similar extent of disease, the presence or degree of azotemia did not adversely affect prognosis. Hypercalcemia and/or Bence Jones proteinuria explained the renal failure in 97% of patients. After treatment with a combination of hydration and chemotherapy, normal renal function was achieved in 51% of patients, reversibility usually being rapid and occurring more often in those with slight elevation of serum creatinine. Myeloma control was much more important for survival prolongation than reversal of renal failure, supporting the prompt institution of effective therapy for the underlying malignancy.
 ...
PMID:Renal failure in multiple myeloma. Pathogenesis and prognostic implications. 238 64


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>