Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diagnostic criteria of analgesic nephropathy with well-defined sensitivity and specificity are not available. During a 2-year period all new patients (n = 273) starting renal replacement therapy in 13 Belgian dialysis units were investigated aiming to select diagnostic criteria of analgesic nephropathy with acceptable performance. Using several interview techniques, a history of analgesic abuse was found in 31% of the patients. Analgesic abusers presenting a clear non-analgesic-related renal diagnosis were excluded from analysis (n = 25). Comparing the remaining abusers (n = 60) and patients without a history of analgesic abuse (n = 188) it was found that renal imaging investigations (sonography plus tomography), showing a decrease in length combined with bumpy contours of both kidneys, presented a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 95%. The additional finding of signs of renal papillary necrosis resulted in an overall sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 97%, giving a positive predictive value of 92%. Other signs frequently mentioned in the literature (hypertension, anaemia, sterile pyuria, bacteriuria, proteinuria) showed insufficient sensitivity and/or specificity to be of help for diagnosing analgesic nephropathy in end-stage renal failure (ESRF) patients starting renal replacement therapy.
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PMID:Diagnostic criteria of analgesic nephropathy in patients with end-stage renal failure: results of the Belgian study. 132 Feb 26

Concentrations of urinary albumin and the albumin:creatinine ratio were measured in early-morning urine specimens from 5670 people older than 40 years who participated in a health screening survey of a local workforce. Sex-specific reference intervals were determined in a subgroup of 3597 people after excluding 2073 individuals with Albustix-positive proteinuria; diabetes mellitus; bacteriuria; current hypertension; body mass index greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2; or serum triglyceride greater than or equal to 2.5 mmol/L. The 97.5 percentile concentration for urinary albumin was 28 mg/L in men and 29 mg/L in women; for the albumin:creatinine ratio this was 2.3 g/mol in men and 2.8 g/mol in women. In the study population, the degree of albuminuria showed piecewise log-linear relationships with diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.0001) and body mass index (P = 0.0001), log-linear relationships with hypertriglyceridemia (P = 0.0001) and hypercholesterolemia (P = 0.0001), and a negative piecewise linear relationship with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P = 0.0461).
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PMID:Albuminuria in people at least 40 years old: effect of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. 152 18

This paper describes the clinical symptoms and signs of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). The initial asymptomatic period followed by weakness and lassitude during renal insufficiency is emphasized. Non-characteristic lumbar pain may be present and episodes of macrohaematuria may occur. There is no fever, no severe dysuria, and no general disease preceding the symptoms. No oedema of the nephrotic type is recognized. Working capacity is unaffected until the late stage of the disease. In the advanced stages pallor of the skin and xantochromia of palms and soles are noticeable. Blood pressure is normal, but in the advanced phase may be elevated. In the uraemic phase a full uraemic syndrome is found. Urothelial tumours are frequent, occurring in 2-47% of cases; tumour cells may be found in the urine. Proteinuria of tubular type may be found early; in the uraemic phase it is constant. In the urinary sediment there are scarce white and red blood cells (the latter episodically abundant). Bacteriuria is present in about 20% of women patients. Glucosuria (less than 10%) and aminoaciduria (less than 10%) have been reported. In the early stages of BEN the urine concentration capacity is impaired earlier than renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Enzymuria is present in the early phases. Tamm-Horsfall protein may be increased in the urine. Normo- or hypochromic normocytic hyporegenerative anaemia is a frequent finding. Bone marrow and leucocytes are normal. Serum proteins and immunoglobulins are not altered. Complement is normal; anti-glomerular basal membrane and anti-tubular basal membrane are negative. On radiography, kidney size varies from normal to the size of a small contracted kidney. The clinical picture of the disease is that of a slowly progressing tubulo-interstitial chronic nephritis.
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PMID:Clinical features of Balkan endemic nephropathy. 161 41

One hundred and twenty six patients diagnosed as having AIDS had their urinalysis and electrolyte profiles studied. The commonest electrolyte abnormalities were a low serum bicarbonate in 56% of the patients and hyponatraemia in 48%. Possible aetiological factors are discussed. Significant pyuria was found in 10% of the patients and significant bacteriuria in 13%. Escherichia coli was the commonest isolated organism (56% of all the culture positive cases). Proteinuria above the upper limit of normal was detectable in 13% of the patients; of these, 25% had proteinuria in the nephrotic range. Of the patients 3% had clinical and biochemical evidence of renal insufficiency. It is concluded that significant bacteriuria occurs commonly in AIDS and that renal insufficiency and nephrotic syndrome may be associated with the disease. It is also noted that other electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities, in particular hyponatraemia and low bicarbonate levels may contribute to the morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from AIDS.
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PMID:Urinalysis and electrolyte profiles in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 175 Jan 26

The urinary excretion of alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1M), beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) as markers of proximal tubular dysfunction was measured in various forms of urinary tract infections (UTI) and in fever due to non-renal infections. The urinary concentration of these proteins was significantly increased in acute pyelonephritis compared with acute cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria. Tubular proteinuria and enzymuria could also be demonstrated in subjects with fever of non-renal origin and corresponded to the findings of pyelonephritis. It is suggested that fever per se is the most likely cause of the tubular proteinuria seen in acute pyelonephritis. In localizing an acute UTI characterization of the urinary protein profile seems to have no advantage over a carefully measured body temperature. The urinary excretion of alpha 1M,beta 2M and RBP were highly correlated, while urinary NAG activity was less correlated to these low-molecular weight proteins. Fibrin degradation product D (FDP-D) was detected in the urines in 60% of the patients with acute pyelonephritis and in one third of those with acute cystitis. The estimation of FDP in urine therefore seems to be of little value in the level diagnosis of UTI.
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PMID:Fever and proximal tubular function in acute pyelonephritis. 241 42

Examination of urine samples from 922 children from Epe and surrounding communities in south-western Nigeria indicated a 13% prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection. Children, 10-14 years of age, accounted for 65% of the disease prevalence. Approximately 79% of the study population was negative for proteinuria, while 52.6% of children with 30 mg% proteinuria were positive for S. haematobium infection. However, 96% and 100% of all children who, respectively, had 30 mg% and 100 mg% proteinuria, in addition to haematuria, were found to be positive for the schistosome infection. This finding indicates that the use of haematuria and proteinuria as a combined diagnostic index significantly increased the sensitivity and specificity of the individual tests. Bacteriuria was found in 8.5% of infected children, compared with 5.2% of the control group. Streptococcus faecalis and E. coli were the two bacteria isolated from the urine specimens.
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PMID:Proteinuria and haematuria as predictors of schistosomiasis in children. 247 60

A total of 40 children who suffered from acute or chronic pyelonephritis underwent immunological treatment with polypeptide drug tactivin. There was an evidence of clinical and laboratory improvement in 82.5 per cent of treated persons, first manifest in decreased proteinuria and normalized urinary sedimentation, and then in lower levels of bacteriuria due to the developing resistance to infectious agents. In 15 per cent of tactivin-treated children leukocyturia persisted though the disease progression was hindered. In the course of the treatment no side-effects were noted. In line with the stimulation of humoral immune response and activation of the complement system, tactivin administration evoked the competence of T-lymphocytes and potentiated the development of this link of immune system. As part of combined treatment the above preparation favourably affected the disease pathogenesis in children.
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PMID:[Immunocorrective therapy of pyelonephritis in children]. 259 60

The ability of a urinalysis reagent strip to predict the presence of formed elements in the sediment was evaluated. The sensitivity of individual biochemical analytes varies from 0.51 to 0.85; however, the combined sensitivity of positive reactions for either protein, nitrite, leukocyte esterase, and/or hemoglobin is 0.95. Leukocyte esterase activity becomes detectable at a concentration of 15 white blood cells per high-power field (WBCs/HPF). Proteinuria is nonspecifically related to pyuria and detects a minimum concentration of 6 WBCs/HPF, and the hemoglobin reaction detects 6 red blood cells/HPF. Most false negative reactions are associated with bacteriuria. A positive chemical reagent strip test can be safely and effectively used as a prerequisite for routine urine microscopic examination.
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PMID:Eliminating unnecessary urine microscopy. Results and performance characteristics of an algorithm based on chemical reagent strip testing. 230 Dec 96

With a flexible scope the examination of the bladder is possible at the standing sow without anaesthesia. When using a non-flexible scope general anaesthesia with a supplementary spinal anaesthesia is necessary in order to avoid lesions of the urinary tract and damage of the instrument. For a systematic inspection the bladder must be emptied and filled with air. The state of the bladder can be estimated by the colour of mucosa, the condition of visible blood vessels and of the mucosal surface. To prevent infections careful disinfection of the scope as well as antibiotic treatment of the bladder is important. There were good correlations between endoscopic findings in sows with cystitis and parameters of urinalysis especially for sensory parameters, proteinuria, leukocyturia and significant bacteriuria. An advantage of cystoscopy is the possibility to survey beginning or chronic symptoms of cystitis, even when urine is nearly unchanged.
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PMID:[Endoscopic studies of the bladder in breeding sows--diagnosis of cystitis]. 281 65

The outcome of 52 pregnancies in 34 women who had had bacteriuria in childhood was compared with that of normal control pregnancies. The prevalence of bacteriuria at the first antenatal visit was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in previously bacteriuric women (35%) than in controls (5%), and acute pyelonephritis developed in 10% compared with 4% of controls. Pre-eclampsia (arterial pressure above 140/90 mm Hg with proteinuria above ++) developed in 4 of 12 previously bacteriuric women known to have renal scarring (5 of 16 pregnancies), in only 1 of 22 previously bacteriuric women without scars (1 of 36 pregnancies), and in 1 of 52 controls (p less than 0.001). Women with renal scars were also more likely to undergo induction of labour (44% of pregnancies) and operative delivery (57% of pregnancies) than previously bacteriuric mothers without scars (17%, 22%) or control mothers (16%, 20%). The infants of previously bacteriuric mothers were not significantly smaller than those of healthy control mothers, but Apgar scores were lower among offspring of previously bacteriuric mothers with scarred or normal kidneys (p less than 0.001). Fetal outcome was, however, satisfactory in all cases.
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PMID:Effect of symptomless bacteriuria in childhood on subsequent pregnancy. 288 60


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