Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three patients with mitral valve prolapse, high grade ventricular arrhythmias and a strong family history of sudden death were studied utilizing continuous Ecg monitoring and intracardiac stimulation and recording techniques. Analysis of 6-hour ambulatory Ecgs revealed frequent premature ventricular beats (PVBs) including repetitive and multiform PVBs in each patient. The electrophysiological studies demonstrated normal parameters of intracardiac conduction and refractoriness providing no evidence for reentrant mechanisms. Acute drug testing with 0.4 mg sublingual nitroglycerin completely suppressed all ventricular arrhythmias. During maintenance therapy antiarrhythmic nitrate efficacy was only partly confirmed monitoring the effects of 4 x20 mg isosorbide dinitrate on 6-hour ambulatory Ecgs. The electrophysiological parameters of intracardiac conduction and refractoriness were not significantly altered by 0.4 mg sublingual nitroglycerin. Experimental data obtained from isolated rabbit atria and canine ventricles revealed no significant action of nitroglycerin in the parameters of cardiac automaticity and conduction including transmembrane electrical activity of normal and hypoxically damaged SA nodal, atrial and ventricular fibers. It is concluded that a) PVBs in patients with mitral prolapse appear related to ectopic automaticity; b)nitrates may suppress ventricular ectopy in these patients; c) antiarrhythmic nitrate efficacy is not related to direct membrane effects.
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PMID:Nitrates and ectopic ventricular activity in mitral valve prolapse: clinical and experimental data. 10 83

Twenty-nine patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias of different origins and clinical pattern were investigated to detect latent thyroid disorders; hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 2 of those, and hypothyroidism, in 4. Functional thyroid disorders were more common in patients with mitral prolapse and supraventricular tachycardias due to additional conductive pathways (the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) and paroxysmal nodal reciprocal tachycardia, particularly if they were resistant to antiarrhythmic treatment and/or had aggravated thyroid history. It is suggested that thyroid dysfunction is just a triggering factor of arrhythmia since thyrostatic and replacement therapy eliminate paroxysms of tachycardia, while organic pathology of the heart and its conductive network remains unaffected.
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PMID:[Study of thyroid function in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia]. 273 16

Due to the fact that the intensity of haemorrhoidal complaints may rapidly change, also numerous therapeutic approaches of minor effectiveness are considered a helpful remedy. However, the advantage of the Barron-ligature is not seriously doubted. By placing it correctly at the insensitive distal rectum, haemorrhoidal operations are only necessary in very advanced stages. Can the Barron ligature be optimized even more? Three patient groups consisting of 120 patients with 2nd degree haemorrhoids who were simultaneously treated by anal dilation using an appropriate lubricant for the anal dilator, were compared with each other in a randomized, open, placebo-controlled study conducted in two centres. In these groups treatment consisted of: rubber-band ligature alone rubber-band ligature and anal dilator and Kamillosan ointment rubber-band ligature and anal dilator and vaseline The observation period comprised six weeks. Every two weeks a check was made. Assessment criteria were: light-red haemorrhage, itching, oozing, sensation of incomplete evacuation, nodal prolapse and slight staining after defecation The pressure ratios of the closing apparatus were investigated at the beginning and end of the study. The group who had been treated with rubber-band ligature, anal dilator and Kamillosan ointment showed the best results. By simultaneously applying the rubber-band ligature, anal dilator and Kamillosan ointment as a lubricant, significantly better results could be obtained. The findings are based on a former retrospective study carried out in 500 patients with 2nd degree haemorrhoids. In this study by applying the anal dilator and Kamillosan ointment, the number of treatments could significantly be reduced from 5.95 to 4.2 and the number of necessary ligatures from 3.8 to 2.76 which, also from the economic point of view, was favourable.
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PMID:[Optimization of the Barron ligature treatment of 2nd and 3rd-degree hemorrhoids using a therapeutic troika]. 898 70

We describe a rare case of a papillary fibroelastoma of the aortic valve occurring simultaneously with a cystic tumor (a so-called mesothelioma) of the atrioventricular nodal region. At autopsy the tumor was found to prolapse into and occlude the right coronary ostium, leading to an acute, recurring myocardial infarction. Histological examination of the grossly unremarkable conduction system of the heart revealed a cystic tumor in the region of the atrioventricular node. To our knowledge, this is the first report of co-existence of these two rare cardiac tumors.
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PMID:[Papillary fibroelastoma of the aortic valve coincident with a cystic tumor of the atrioventricular node]. 1090 Jun 19

Tumors of dendritic reticulum cells are rare neoplasms that exhibit significant morphologic overlap with other malignancies. Fine-needle aspiration cytologic appearances of this neoplasm are not well understood. A 33-yr-old woman presented with a rapidly growing nodular mass in the right upper cervical region and right-sided ptosis. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the mass showed dissociated as well as clustered, large, polygonal cells that showed high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. Nuclei were round, oval, or irregular in shape. Large and small blastoid forms with prominent nucleoli and chromatin clumping as well as binucleated cells and cells with lobulated nuclei were seen. Numerous mitoses were observed. The tumor cells expressed focal immunocytochemical reactivity to CD45 and CD68, but were negative for CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD30, CD45RO, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin, and HMB45. Histologic sections of the biopsy from the growth showed nodal tissue effaced by a tumor composed of large, pleomorphic neoplastic cells with some binucleate and multinucleate forms resembling Reed-Sternberg cells. The intervening stroma contained numerous small lymphocytes. Tumor cells expressed vimentin, S-100 protein, CD68, and MAC387, but were negative for LCA, CD1a, CD3, CD15, CD20, CD21, CD23, CD30, CD35, carcino-embryonic antigen, HMB45, cytokeratin AE1/3, EMA, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, smooth-muscle actin, and desmin. The combined histologic and immunohistologic features suggested a histiocytic/dendritic reticulum cell neoplasm and a diagnosis of interdigitating dendritic reticulum cell sarcoma was made.
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PMID:Interdigitating dendritic reticulum cell sarcoma: cytologic, histologic and immunocytochemical features. 1594 93

Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders affecting neuromuscular transmission. The agrin/muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) pathway is critical for proper development and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We report here an Iranian patient in whom CMS was diagnosed since he presented with congenital and fluctuating bilateral symmetric ptosis, upward gaze palsy and slowly progressive muscle weakness leading to loss of ambulation. Genetic analysis of the patient revealed a homozygous missense mutation c.2503A>G in the coding sequence of MUSK leading to the p.Met835Val substitution. The mutation was inherited from the two parents who were heterozygous according to the notion of consanguinity. Immunocytochemical and electron microscopy studies of biopsied deltoid muscle showed dramatic changes in pre- and post-synaptic elements of the NMJs. These changes induced a process of denervation/reinnervation in native NMJs and the formation, by an adaptive mechanism, of newly formed and ectopic NMJs. Aberrant axonal outgrowth, decreased nerve terminal ramification and nodal axonal sprouting were also noted. In vivo electroporation of the mutated MuSK in a mouse model showed disorganized NMJs and aberrant axonal growth reproducing a phenotype similar to that observed in the patient's biopsy specimen. In vitro experiments showed that the mutation alters agrin-dependent acetylcholine receptor aggregation, causes a constitutive activation of MuSK and a decrease in its agrin- and Dok-7-dependent phosphorylation.
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PMID:A mutation causes MuSK reduced sensitivity to agrin and congenital myasthenia. 2332 16

We report an operative case of intercostal lung hernia after resection of a Lung cancer. A 60-year-old man with asthma consulted our hospital because of an abnormal shadow on a chest X-ray. A chest computed tomography revealed a tumor in the right upper lobe. A diagnosis of lung cancer was suspected and the patient underwent right upper lobectomy with standard nodal dissection from 4th intercostal space with right anterolateral incision. Intercostal space was directly closed by three stitches. A chest drain was removed on the 5th operative day. On the 6th operative day, the patient suddenly developed asthma attack and radiologically, the middle lobe was found to prolapse from the chest wall. An emergency surgery was performed, and the intercostal space was closed by approximating the ribs with 6 stitches. The patient was discharged from our hospital on the 26th postoperative day.
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PMID:[Emergency Surgery for Intercostal Lung Hernia after Right Upper Lobe Resection for Lung Cancer;Report of a Case]. 2817 13

Besides intracranial lesions, neurological symptoms are also caused in cancer patients by extracranial lesions in the head and neck. Common symptoms caused by such lesions include visual loss, visual field defect, diplopia, ptosis, sensory abnormalities of the head and neck region, facial nerve palsy, dysphagia, dysarthria, hoarseness, and syncope. Some cancer patients often have multiple cranial nerve involvement, which is associated with several syndromes such as jugular foramen syndrome. The main causes of cranial nerve dysfunction due to extracranial lesions include bone and nodal metastasis, perineural tumor spread, inflammation, and radiation injury. The location of the lesions causing the neurological symptom may be estimated by the symptoms and physical examination. However, CT/MRI is critical for reaching the final diagnosis and for treatment planning and management of the cancer patients. Moreover, early identification of the extracranial lesions may significantly affect patient care and alter outcomes. Thus, radiologists should be familiar with imaging findings of the common neurological disorders and the complex anatomy of the head and neck region, which should be checked in cancer patients with neurological symptoms.
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PMID:Imaging of extracranial head and neck lesions in cancer patients: a symptom-based approach. 3091 85