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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors, in this article, have reviewed the different proofs that confirm that Halban's fascia does exist. The authors have been able to find, separate out and use Halban's fascia in a series of 263 vaginal operations for genital prolapse taking the anatomo-surgical approach. From the histological approach, they have shown that Halban's fascia is constituted by fibro-connective tissue strips between which there are large numbers of blood vessels and muscles and nerve endings. From the point of view of embryogenesis, they believe that Halban's fascia comes from the same mesenchyme layer as that which gives rise to the corpus spongiosus of the penis. As far as sexual physiology is concerned, the authors review the various clinical experiments that have been carried out throughout the world medical literature which shows that there is an erogenous zone in the upper anterior part of the vagina and they believe that Halban's facia, which is homologous with the corpus spongiosus, is the site of origin of vaginal orgasm. Finally, as far as physiology and biology of reproduction is concerned, they believe that the vaginal fluid that is secreted by Halban's fascia during intercourse plays an important role for the survival of spermatozoa.
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PMID:[The reality and usefulness of Halban's fascia]. 201 19

Intravaginal contraception holds an important place even today. It is especially advisable when contraception needs to be only temporary, or when other types of contraception are contraindicated. Mechanical intravaginal contraception is obtained through a diaphragm or a cervical cap, both to be prescribed and fitted by a doctor, and both unadvisable in case of uterine prolapse. Mechanical contraception is obtained also with a condom, still possibly the most used method of contraception. With mechanical devices there are no side effects, but effectiveness is not very good. Spermicidal contraceptive agents include all kinds of foams, jellies, creams, and suppositories; they serve as a protective barrier while immobilizing spermatozoa. Their effectiveness is about 70-75%, and there are few, if any, side effects. Chemical methods, when associated with mechanical methods, offer a much greater protection, while mechanical contraception associated with the rhythm method offers a 100% effectiveness rate.
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PMID:[Intravaginal contraception]. 539 11

Consumers and physicians are considering mechanical contraceptives as alternatives now, for in recent years there has been an increasing number of reports of adverse reactions and risks associated with IUD and oral contraceptive (OC) use. Yet, the contraceptive devices designed to mechanically cover the cervix have been the least studied and evaluated method of birth control. The currently available vaginal mechanical contraceptive devices are described and their efficacy and advantages and disadvantages are compared. Vaginal sponges are made from various types of synthetic and natural polymers. There is a wide variation in the reported rates of efficacy of vaginal sponges, and it is difficult to obtain accurate figures on rates of efficacy. The International Fertility Research Program (IFRP) has reported a failure rate with the sponge of approximately 7 or 8 pregnancies/100 woman years, or a 6 month pregnancy rate (according to life table analysis) of 3.8 +or- 1.3/100 women. The sponge does not interrupt sexual spontaneity. The spermicide is immediately available after each coital act, and 1 sponge lasts for many coital acts. The sponge is easy to use, and no medical supervision is required for fitting, as the sponges come in only 1 size. Women have cited discomfort to themselves or their partners as the main reason for discontinuing the use of vaginal sponges. The cervical cap is a thimble shaped rubber or plastic device that is placed over the cervix to provide a barrier against sperm. The cap is often used in combination with a spermicidal agent, and it must be left in place at least 12 hours after intercourse to prevent remaining viable spermatozoa from entering the uterus. Failure rates for cervical caps compare favorably with those for diaphragms (3-16%, and 1.9-19.6% respectively). Cervical caps can be left in place longer than other barrier methods, and there is no absolute need to use chemical spermicides. Disadvantages of the cervical cap are the limited number of sizes available and the fact that 40-60% of women cannot be fitted, including those with a long cervix, a flat cervix and vault, or vaginal prolapse. The diaphragm is a shallow rubber cup strengthened by a rim containing a spring. The use of a spermicidal agent increases the efficacy of a diaphragm. The device should be inserted a maximum of 6 hours before intercourse, and a new application of spermicide is required for each repeated coital act. The diaphragm should not be removed until 6-8 hours after the last coitus. Failure rates are in the range of 1.9-2.0 pregnancies/100 woman years. The diaphragm is safe, effective, temporary, natural, easy to use, and inexpensive. Disadvantages are that the diaphragm interferes with sexual spontaneity, is messy and inconvenient, and some women cannot be fitted because of anatomic abnormalities.
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PMID:Vaginal mechanical contraceptive devices. 661 79

This paper reports a case of ectopic abdominal pregnancy following total hysterectomy and reviews the literature. Pregnancy following total hysterectomy is a rare event. Ectopic pregnancy following supracervical hysterectomy can be explained in view of the remaining patent cervical canal. In cases of total hysterectomy (abdominal or vaginal) two important factors to be considered are the persistence of a fistulous tract from the vaginal apex to the peritoneum and the prolapse of the fallopian tube into the vagina, creating a patent tract for spermatozoa. As long as some ovaries remain, the possibility of ectopic pregnancy must be entertained in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in a female.
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PMID:Abdominal pregnancy following total hysterectomy. 666 40

A patient who wished to be treated for infertility by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was referred to our group for assessment. Upon clinical examination, a ptosis (partial closure of the eyelid) was noted, and histology revealed ragged red fibres in the skeletal muscle. Southern blot analysis of spermatozoa and skeletal muscle revealed the presence of multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions. This kind of rearrangement may be of nuclear origin since three nuclear loci have been ascribed to multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions in humans. Since mitochondrial DNA is maternally transmitted, the use of ICSI was feasible. However, an alteration of nuclear gene product affecting the integrity of mitochondrial DNA, and thus sperm mobility, might be transmitted to the offspring with the risk of developing a mitochondrial DNA disease.
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PMID:Oligoasthenospermia associated with multiple mitochondrial DNA rearrangements. 935 8