Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The subacute toxicities (10 male and 10 female rats at each dose) and the toxicokinetics (5 male rats at each dose) of DA-8159, a new phosphodiesterase type V (PDE V) inhibitor, were evaluated after single (at day 1) and 4-week (at day 28) oral administration of the drug at doses of 0 (to serve as a control), 20, 80 and 320 mg/kg/day to rats. DA-8159 showed a decrease in body weight gain, clinical signs such as chromodacryohaemorrhoea, ptosis and decreased locomotor activity, an increase in WBC number, changes in parameters related to RBCs, an increase in organ weight of the liver, spleen and lung, and finally microscopic lesions such as cholangiofibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver, alveolar macrophage accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung, an increase in bone marrow density and extrahaematopoiesis in the spleen. These changes were observed mainly at a dose of 80 mg/kg or above. While some changes were observed at a dose of 20 mg/kg, these changes were non-specific and transient since this were also observed in control rats. In addition, there was no dose-dependency in these changes. Based on these results, the NOAEL (No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level) for DA-8159 in rats was estimated to be 20 mg/kg/day, and the target organs were determined to be liver, bone marrow, spleen, lung and blood cells. After a 4-week oral administration, accumulation of DA-8159 was evident at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day, but was not considerable at toxic doses (80 and 320 mg/kg/day). After a single oral administration, the dose-normalized area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the last measured time, 24 h, in plasma (AUC(0-24 h)) was significantly different among the three doses (the AUC(0-24 h) based on 20 mg/kg/day was 2.33, 7.00 and 4.19 microg h/ml for 20, 80 and 320 mg/kg/day, respectively). Similar results were also obtained from DA-8164, a metabolite of DA-8159; the AUC(0-24 h) of DA-8164 after dose-normalized to 20 mg/kg/day of DA-8159 were 2.74, 5.00 and 1.68 microg h/ml, respectively.
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PMID:Subacute toxicities and toxicokinetics of DA-8159, a new phosphodiesterase type V inhibitor, after single and 4-week repeated oral administration in rats. 1468 69

Sclerotherapy with aluminum potassium tannic acid (ALTA), which was approved in Japan for the treatment of internal hemorrhoids in July 2004 (Takano et al., Int J Colorectal Dis 21:44-51, 2006), has been widely accepted because of its effectiveness and low invasiveness. More than 200,000 patients have received ALTA injection therapy. ALTA is injected directly into 4 points of an internal hemorrhoid (4-step injection) to induce sclerosis and remission of the hemorrhoids, and consequently, resolution of symptoms such as prolapse and bleeding. The precision of the 4-step injection is considered to be a crucial determinant of the success of this therapy and the risk of complications. However, sufficient evidence has not yet been obtained concerning the diffusion and distribution of the injected drug. A pilot study visualized the real-time diffusion/distribution of the drug solution following the 4-step injection, using the ICG (indocyanine green) fluorescence technique, and an infrared camera (Photodynamic EYE; PDE, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.).
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PMID:Visualization of diffusion of the drug solution during aluminum potassium tannic acid injection therapy: a pilot study. 2322 38