Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The decrease of rheumatic aortic regurgitation (AR) is observed due to the relative increase of non-rheumatic aortic valvular diseases since 1980. Among 240 patients who had undergone aortic valve replacement (AVR) including combined valvular diseases up to March 1989, the congenitally bicuspid aortic valve was responsible for AR and stenosis (AS) in 33 patients (13.8%) and were divided according to the presence of a raphe. In the raphe (+) group (n = 15), infective endocarditis (IE) (n = 5), prolapse of the aortic valve, mainly non-coronary cusp (n = 5), and thickening with contraction of cusp (n = 4) were the cause of AR. Calcification of the cusp was seen in 2 older (greater than 59 yrs) patients. In the raphe (-) group (n = 18), IE (n = 2), contraction of cusps (n = 2) in the relatively younger (less than 48 yrs) were the cause of AR. Rest of the patients exhibited severe AS due to the calcification of cusps except a case who showed IE with AR in the calcified cusp. Although not generally recognized, the bicuspid valve with a raphe, less tendency to deposit calcium, is an important cause of pure AR severe enough to warrant AVR. The bicuspid valve without raphe, as already recognized, prones to develop severe calcification and AS in later life.
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PMID:[Significance of raphe in congenitally bicuspid aortic valve]. 235 88

Reported are results obtained from determination of calcium, phosphorus, protein, and cholesterol in blood serum of 10 Gir cows with uterine prolapse. Particular reference is made to possible adverse effects of hypocalcaemia in conjunction with physiological stress resulting from pregnancy and parturition.
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PMID:A note on post partum utero vaginal prolapse in Gir cows: estimation of serum calcium, phosphorus, proteins, and cholesterol. 277 12

Non-inflammatory calcific disease of the mitral valve apparatus is a common finding in elderly patients. This study describes the incidence, clinical findings and location of mitral calcium deposits detected by 2D-echocardiography in an unselected series of patients referred for echocardiography to a general hospital. In addition, valvular function was assessed by Doppler sonography. In 48 out of 217 consecutive patients, 2D-echocardiography showed mitral calcium deposits. The mean age of this patient group was 72 +/- 11 years. Clinical histories and findings in most patients indicated an association between calcium deposits and increased tension of valve structures by left ventricular pressure overload (i.e., hypertension, aortic stenosis), dilatative cardiomyopathy or valve prolapse. Calcific deposits were located predominantly at the posterior mitral ring, but in 48% of our patients calcification of mitral chordae was also seen. Mitral regurgitation was detected by Doppler sonography in 52% of the patient group, in 25% at least moderate mitral regurgitation could be demonstrated. The presence of valve incompetence was not dependent on the location of calcium deposits. Mitral valve area, as assessed by Doppler, ranged from 2.1 to 6.7 cm2.
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PMID:[Calcinosis of the mitral valve system and its effect on valve function. A Doppler echocardiography study]. 319 74

In order to evaluate the importance of the contraction of the perineal muscular system in causing the symptomatology following a hemorrhoidal prolapse operation, a drug, dantrolene sodium which has a known myorelaxant action due to a partial inhibition of the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the muscular cell was used. The double-blind study involved 40 patients, of whom 20 were treated with sodium dantrolene in doses of 25 mg, twice a day, for seven days; the remaining 20 with a placebo. Symptoms, consumption of pain-killers and need for catheters, were monitored daily, while hemochemical parameters were checked before the start, and at the end of the study. The results obtained showed a similar post-operative trend in the patients receiving dantrolene and in the controls. This is interpreted as an indirect demonstration that the mechanism of pain is primarily due to the inflammatory factors rather than due to contraction of the perineal muscles.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the mechanism determining the painful symptomatology after proctological interventions]. 338 Mar 12

Anatomic and functional features of the normal and abnormal mitral valve are reviewed. Of 1,010 personally studied necropsy patients with severe (functional class III or IV, New York Heart Association) cardiac dysfunction from primary valvular heart disease, 434 (43%) had mitral stenosis (MS) with or without mitral regurgitation (MR): unassociated with aortic valve stenosis or regurgitation or with tricuspid valve stenosis in 189 (44%) patients, and associated with aortic stenosis in 152 (35%), with pure (no element of stenosis) aortic regurgitation in 65 (15%) patients, and with tricuspid valve stenosis with or without aortic valve stenosis in 28 (6%) patients. The origin of MS was rheumatic in all 434 patients. Of the 1,010 necropsy patients, 165 (16%) had pure MR (papillary muscle dysfunction excluded): unassociated with aortic valve stenosis or regurgitation or with tricuspid valve stenosis in 97 (59%) patients, and associated with pure aortic regurgitation in 45 (27%) and with aortic valve stenosis in 23 (14%) patients. When associated with dysfunction of the aortic valve, pure MR was usually rheumatic in origin, but when unassociated with aortic valve dysfunction it was usually nonrheumatic in origin. Review of operatively excised mitral valves in patients with pure MR unassociated with aortic valve dysfunction disclosed mitral valve prolapse (most likely an inherent congenital defect) as the most common cause of MR. Excluding the patients with MR from coronary heart disease (papillary muscle dysfunction), mitral prolapse was the cause of MR in 60 (88%) of the other 68 patients, and a rheumatic origin was responsible in only 3 of the 68 patients, all 68 of whom were greater than 30 years of age. Mitral anular calcification in persons aged greater than 65 years is usually associated with calcific deposits in the aortic valve cusps and in the coronary arteries. Because calcium in each of these 3 sites is common in older individuals residing in the Western World, it is most reasonable to view mitral anular calcification in older individuals as a manifestation of atherosclerosis. Mitral anular calcium appears to be extremely uncommon in persons with total serum cholesterol levels less than 150 mg/dl. Mitral anular calcium may produce mild MR and, if the deposits are heavy enough, MS.
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PMID:Morphologic features of the normal and abnormal mitral valve. 633 91

Blood samples were collected from 53 dairy cows with uterine prolapse and from 53 cows with normal parturition (no uterine prolapse) matched by dairy as controls for various management programs among dairies. Cows with uterine prolapse had significantly lower total serum calcium content than did controls (P less than 0.01). Mean (+/- SEM) serum calcium content (mg/dl) for affected cows and controls were 6.08 (+/- 0.25) and 6.96 (+/- 0.20), respectively. Severe hypocalcemia (less than 4 mg/dl) was found in 10 (19%) of the affected cows, compared with 1 (1.8%) of the controls. Fifteen (28%) of the affected cows had moderate hypocalcemia (4.1 to 6.0 mg/dl), compared with 14 (26%) of the controls; 19 (36%) of the affected cows were mildly hypocalcemic (6.1 to 7.9 mg/dl), compared with 25 (47%) of the controls. Nine (17%) of the affected cows and 13 (25%) of the controls were within the normal range of calcium content (greater than 8 mg/dl). Nine of the affected cows were first-calf cows. The serum of these animals did not have significantly lower calcium concentrations, compared with controls matched by parity. Serum calcium values (mg/dl) for 9 first-calf cows and the 9 matched controls were 7.24 (+/- 0.42) and 7.00 (+/- 0.39), respectively. It was concluded that hypocalcemia was associated with uterine prolapse in multiparous dairy cows and, along with other factors, is involved as an etiologic factor for this puerperal condition.
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PMID:Uterine prolapse and hypocalcemia in dairy cows. 651 23

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was measured radioimmunologically in simultaneous plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from 72 patients aged 20 to 80 years without endocrine or psychiatric diseases and from 2 patients aged 40 and 70 years with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to renal insufficiency. They underwent routine diagnostic lumbar puncture because of suspected prolapse of a disc. Total calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were also determined in these samples by complexometry . The following findings were obtained (ng/ml, median, range in brackets): Plasma PTH 1.7 (0.7-6.6); CSF PTH 0.8 (0.5-2.3), respectively. No correlation was found between PTH concentrations in plasma and CSF in all 74 samples. The Ca concentrations in plasma, with a median of 2.3 mmol/l (2.1-2.6) were significantly higher than the Ca concentrations in CSF (median 1.1 mmol/l, range 0.4-1.3). The correlation between PTH and calcium levels in CSF was only weak (r = 0.284 P less than 0.05). The Mg levels in CSF (median 1.1 mmol/l, range 0.7-1.6) were higher than Mg concentrations in plasma (median 0.9 mmol/l, range 0.6-1.1). No correlation was found between PTH and Mg in CSF. Our study demonstrated that in man PTH is a normal constituent of CSF.
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PMID:Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, calcium, and magnesium in human cerebrospinal fluid. 673 Aug 57

Serum samples were obtained from 26 beef cows with uterine prolapse and from 15 with minor dystocia (controls). The serum of animals with uterine prolapse had significantly lower calcium concentration (mean +/- S.D. = 8,22 +/- 0,69 mg/dL, P</=0,01), higher phosphorus concentration (mean +/- S.D. = 4,78 +/- 1,75 mg/dL, P</=0,05) and lower calcium to phosphorus ratios (mean +/- S.D. = 1,99 +/- 0,88, P</=0,01) than for the control animals (means +/- S.D. = 8,91 +/- 0,75 mg/dL, 3,54 +/- 1,41 mg/dL and 2,99 +/- 1,41 respectively). Mild hypocalcemia (6,9 mg/dL-7,9 mg/dL) was present in 11 (42,3%) of the cows with prolapse as compared to only one (6,7%) of the controls. Hypophosphatemia was present in 11 (42,3%) of the animals with prolapse and in ten (66,7%) of the controls. Eighteen (69,2%) of the animals with prolapse were alert and ambulatory when treated and 15 (57,7%) were known to have required help to deliver the calf. Of the cattle group with uterine prolapse, 14 (53,8%) were two years old, six (23,1%) were three years old, and six (23,1%) were four years of age or older. It was concluded that mild hypocalcemia and some degree of dystocia were associated with the uterine prolapses. The phosphorus results were equivocal but the high incidence of hypophosphatemia may reflect a phosphorus deficient diet.
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PMID:Observations on uterine prolapse in beef cattle. 728 51

The case of a 40-year-old woman with mitral valve prolapse and severe atypical chest pain is presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by phonocardiographic, echocardiographic, and angiocardiographic studies. The electrocardiogram revealed an ischemic pattern of ST-T on the anterior and inferior wall. Coronary angiographic studies showed normal coronary arteries. The patient's long-standing, prolonged, disabling atypical chest pain could not be relieved with medical therapy, despite the administration of beta-adrenergic blocking agents, calcium antagonists, and short-acting nitrites during a 30-month period. Thus, the prolapsed mitral valve was replaced with a Hancock xenograft. After 12 months the patient is totally free of symptoms, without any treatment and with a normal ECG. This excellent surgical result could be explained on the basis of the valvular theory of chest pain in mitral valve prolapse, suggesting that pain is promoted probably by a regional imbalance between oxygen availability and consumption, because of the excessive papillary muscular stretching produced by the prolapse. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of successful surgical treatment of chest pain in mitral valve prolapse.
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PMID:Surgical treatment for chest pain in mitral valve prolapse. 747 28

Our laboratory previously demonstrated that the human myometrium contains functional hCG/LH receptors. The present study investigated whether hCG can directly regulate oxytocin-stimulated human myometrial contractions. Uterine specimens were obtained from 30- to 40-yr-old women undergoing hysterectomy for leiomyomata, metrorrhagia, or prolapse. Myometrial strips from the lower uterine segment were primed for 24 h with 2.2 nmol/L estradiol. Then, the slices were incubated for 4 h at 37 C with or without 10 nmol/L hCG and stimulated with 1 mumol/L oxytocin, and the contractions were measured. The results showed that hCG inhibited the amplitude while paradoxically increasing the frequency of contractions. The effect of hCG was seen in proliferative, but not secretory, phase myometrial specimens. hCG had no effect on rat hepatic portal vein smooth muscle contractions, suggesting that the hCG action was tissue specific. Oxytocin treatment of human myometrial smooth muscle cells resulted in a dose-dependent increase in intracellular free Ca2+ levels. Pretreatment with hCG resulted in an attenuation of the oxytocin response, suggesting that the action of hCG was mediated by decreasing intracellular free Ca2+ levels. In summary, our results demonstrate that hCG can directly inhibit the amplitude of oxytocin-stimulated contractions of human myometria from the proliferative phase of the cycle. The hCG action is tissue specific and appears to be mediated by decreasing intracellular free Ca2+ levels in myometrial smooth muscle cells.
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PMID:Direct regulation of human myometrial contractions by human chorionic gonadotropin. 798 59


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