Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report unusual barium, computed tomographic (CT) and ultrasound appearances of a polypoid ampullary tumour which prolapsed beyond the duodeno-jejunal (DJ) flexure. The extensive mucosal prolapse gave rise to radiological signs suggestive of an intussusception.
 ...
PMID:Case report: prolapse of an ampullary tumour beyond the duodeno-jejunal flexure. 843 64

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a perplexing condition with a complex multifactorial pathophysiology. Inappropriate contraction of the puborectalis muscle and rectal mucosal prolapse have been commonly implicated, although self-induced trauma has been suspected in some cases. Eight patients who presented with rectal bleeding with excessive mucus were found to have an isolated rectal ulcer on proctosigmoidoscopy. Constipation, straining at stools, and pain in the anal region were present in seven of eight cases. All of them confessed to rectal digitation. Most of them had consulted more than two physicians and half of them had had barium enema and colonoscopy in the past. An ulcer was present on the anterior wall at 6-8 cm from the anal verge in seven of eight patients and none of them had either external or internal rectal prolapse. Rectal biopsy performed in six of eight showed histological findings consistent with the diagnosis of solitary rectal ulcer. Patients were convinced to stop finger evacuation and were given psyllium supplements. There was endoscopic healing with symptomatic improvement in the six patients who followed up for an average period of 38 weeks. We conclude that traumatic solitary rectal ulcer due to rectal digitation is a distinct entity and response to avoidance of this habit is good.
 ...
PMID:Traumatic solitary rectal ulcer in Saudi Arabia. A distinct entity? 858 4

A periodic examination of chest-X-ray films showed abnormal elevation of the right diaphragm in a 39-year-old man, who had a history of right cordal contusion due to fall from a bridge one and a half years ago. The patient had no clinical symptoms after the accident. Chest and abdominal CT scans and barium examinations of gastro-intestinal tract revealed herniation of the omentum, colon and liver into the right thoracic cavity. Under the diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia, the patient underwent an operation through a thoracoabdominal approach showing prolapse of the omentum, colon, gall bladder and a part of liver into the thoracic cavity. Prolapse of a gallbladder is rare. Further examinations are necessary with this lesion in mind when physicians find an abnormal shadow of the diaphragm.
 ...
PMID:[Right traumatic diaphragmatic hernia: a case report]. 884 56

Gastric polyps are rare and largely asymptomatic, but attract importance because of their strong potential to progress to carcinoma. Rarely, pedunculated polyps arising in the antrum may prolapse through the pylorus, causing intermittent gastric outlet obstruction. We describe here our experience of four cases collected over a ten-year period, each presenting dissimilarly with this phenomenon. We review the literature referring to the pathogenesis of gastric polyps and their association with malignancy and other disorders. We proceed to discuss the efficacy of barium studies versus gastroscopy in detecting these lesions, the relative roles and merits of endoscopic polypectomy and surgery, and the importance of prolonged follow-up of patients harbouring gastric polyps.
 ...
PMID:Prolapsing gastric polyp, an unusual cause of gastric outlet obstruction: a review of the pathology and management of gastric polyps. 885 36

Defecography (DG) is a useful method to detect many morpho-functional deformities of anus and rectum and pelvic floor. We report on a clinical and radiologic study of 165 patients (36 men and 129 women) suffering from defecation disorders and rectal muscosal prolapse (RMP). All the patients had been submitted to clinical examination, endoscopy and double contrast enema to rule out organic colorectal conditions. DG was performed with a dedicated conmode and high-density barium and videorecorded on VHS cassettes to assess the dynamics of evacuation phases and to reduce exposure doses. DG showed single RMP in 28% of cases and multiple RMP in 72% of cases; the condition was isolated in 22% of cases, while in 88% of cases it was associated with other anorectal dysfunctions, such as rectocele (65%), perineal descent syndrome (PDS) (15%), puborectal muscle syndrome (14%) and intussusception (8%). RMP appeared at DG as a wall defect bulging into rectal lumen, which was more evident under straining and during barium evacuation. In 12 patients with multiple RMP, dynamic CT of the pelvis was carried out to study the whole pelvic floor and in 5 cases it showed levator ani diastasis. Fifty-eight patients were submitted to surgery by elastic binding of RMP; DG follow-up showed RMP remission in 47 patients, single RMP relapse in 3 patients and multiple RMP relapse in 3 patients. One patient with PDS and intussusception was submitted to rectopexy and mucosectom.
 ...
PMID:[Role of radiologic diagnosis in rectal mucosal prolapse]. 896 79

The puborectalis syndrome is a defecation disorder supported by the nonrelaxation of puborectalis sling with consequent dyschezia. We report on a series of 98 patients submitted to clinical examination, defecography, anorectal manometry, electromyography and intestinal transit time studies. Puborectalis anatomy and physiology are briefly reviewed. The main symptoms of puborectalis syndrome in our patients were incomplete defecation (89%) and intermittent evacuation (63%); 28% of patients turned to finger defecation. In all patients, defecography showed an abnormal increase in puborectalis impression on the posterior anorectal wall, reduced anorectal angle opening under straining (mean value: 113 degrees) and prolonged expulsion time with barium pooling in the ampulla (mean evacuation time: 38 seconds). Such anorectal abnormalities as rectal mucosal prolapse (47 cases) and anterior rectocele (36 cases) were also associated. In 33 of 98 patients (34% of cases), sling assessment by bidigital palpation at preliminary clinical examination revealed puborectalis hypertonia, which was later confirmed at defecography. Manometry was not specific for the diagnosis of puborectalis syndrome, detecting increased external anal sphincter pressure under straining in 24 of 35 patients (68.8%). Puborectalis activity was increased under straining in 16 subjects submitted to electromyography. Intestinal transit time studies showed a typical expulsion delay and radiopaque marker pooling in the ampulla in 18 of 23 patients (78.2%). In our experience, defecography is a useful, simple and noninvasive method for the accurate diagnosis of the puborectalis syndrome.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnosis with defecography of puborectal muscle syndrome]. 924 17

Rectal and colonic X-ray findings of 100 patients with constipation are presented. The study was performed by the authors' modified irrigoscopic procedure using barium enema. This made it possible not only to determine the shape, dimensions, and position of the rectum and colon, but to reveal a number of anatomic and functional changes in the rectum and pelvic floor (rectocele, rectal intussusception and prolapse, perineal descent, sigmoidocele), which was helpful in choosing a treatment policy for patients with colonic evacuatory dysfunction.
 ...
PMID:[New methods of rectum and colon x-ray study in patients with constipation]. 968 Aug 24

The solitary rectal ulcer (SRU) is a benign lesion of adults of either sex, which presents with chronic constipation, peculiar defecatory disorders, rectal prolapse and smaller psychological abnormalities. The characteristic appearance of this disease is a "neither being always ulcerate, nor always solitary" lesion, but often with polypoid or granular feature, typically localized in anterior rectal wall, a few inches from anal channel. Distinctive histopathological specimens are localized mucosal distortion, hypertrophic proliferation of muscularis mucosae and obliteration of lamina propria by fibroblasts and muscle fibres from the muscularis mucosae. Very few intermittent or recurrent symptoms are rectal bleeding and mucous discharge with defecations, difficulty of a complete ampullar evacuation and sometimes pelvic or rectoperineal pain. Clinical picture and endoscopic biopsies led to diagnosis. Barium enema, defecography, transrectal ultrasound, manometry and electromyography have an additional role. Medical treatment is performed by high-fiber diet, but biofeedback training is very helpful. Surgical management is as an excisional surgery, as a rectopexy if there is prolapse. Fecal diversion and rectocolic resection are considered only for patients with obstinate and severe symptoms. Even in patients who seem to advocate a surgical approach it is important to heal a dyskinetic puborectalis muscle.
 ...
PMID:[The solitary rectal ulcer today. A review of the literature]. 997 95

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is a hereditary pathology transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner. The clinical symptoms are palpebral ptosis, oropharyngeal dysphagia and proximal limb weakness. Upper gastro-esophageal endoscopy is recommended to study the dysphagia, a video-radiology study with barium and an esophageal manometry to study the pharyngeo-esophageal motor disorder. Muscle biopsy reveals the presence of atrophic fibers substituted by an increase in fat and connective tissue. In 1998 Brais described the genetic alteration responsible for this pathology, a limited expansion of the triplet of GCG nucleotides in PABP2 gene on chromosome 14q11. Normal individuals have the homozygotic form (GCG)6 of this triplet, whereas patients with the described syndrome have the heterozygotic form (GCG)6-(GCG)9 or (GCG)6-(GCG)10. We present three siblings from the same family with diagnoses and genetic confirmations of oculopharyngeal dystrophy. Two of the patients underwent cricopharyngeal myotomy to relieve the dysphagia.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of oculopharyngeal dystrophy: a report of three cases from the same family. 1282 21

The aims of surgery in rectal prolapse are various: reducing the prolapse, preventing relapse, clearing up incontinence and avoiding constipation. Among several technical options available, anterior rectopexy would appear to be the most suitable for achieving these aims. A retrospective clinical study was conducted in 32 patients operated on from January 1996 to June 1999. For patient recruitment, the preoperative examinations were clinical evaluation, barium enema, anorectal manometry, and urodynamic tests. Surgical procedures were Orr-Loygue rectopexy in 29 cases and Ripstein rectopexy in 3 cases. A sigmoidectomy was also performed in 9 cases and a Burch cystopexy in 4 cases. Early results are available for all patients; only 29 have been evaluated after a mean follow-up of 47 months (range: 30-72). Rectal tenesmus, faecal incontinence and urinary incontinence improved in all cases. Constipation cleared up in 9 cases after a complementary sigmoidectomy; in 15 of the remaining 20 patients constipation persisted or developed. Indications for surgery for rectal prolapse must be considered with caution. The good results of anterior rectopexy depend on correct surgical technique and prevention of septic and pelvic complications. Sigmoidectomy does not increase the morbility rate. A planned colic resection in patients with delayed transit would prevent postoperative constipation. The good results are stable even over long-term follow-up periods. This procedure is also effective for the treatment of genital prolapses.
 ...
PMID:[Rectal prolapse. Functional results after the Orr-Loygue's rectopexy technique]. 1287 76


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>