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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Retrograde prolapse of the ileocecal valve results when redundant mucosa produces prominent lips of the ileocecal valve. The prominent valve produces a filling defect within the cecum. With manual palpation or hydrostatic pressure of the barium column, this prominent ileocecal valve then prolapses in a retrograde fashion to produce a tapered defect of the terminal ileum. The pliable changing nature of this lesion is characteristic of a benign condition, and this combination of radiographic findings is pathognomonic of this normal variant. Two cases are reported with documentation by surgery and colonoscopy..
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PMID:Retrograde prolapse of the lleocecal valve. 40 97

Prolapse of the gastric mucosa into the duodenum must be considered when a round soft tissue mass is seen in the right upper quadrant on scout abdominal film. Gastric prolapse may mimic tumor in the duodenum when the prolapse is large. Examination with barium meal is necessary to exclude prolapse of the gastric mucosa into the duodenum as a cause of epigastric pain and vomiting. Medical treatment is suggested for patients with mild symptoms, but patients with severe symptoms, repeated hemorrhage, anemia, severe intermittent epigastric pain and vomiting due to ball-valve syndrome should have operation.
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PMID:Duodenal pseudotumor with ball-valve syndrome. 72 37

The hemolytic-uremic syndrome consists of hemolytic anemia, renal failure, and thrombocytopenia. Submucosal hemorrhage with "thumbprinting" on roentgenographic examination of the colon with barium was demonstrated in four patients, prolapse of the rectum in two patients, and pseudomembranous enterocolitis and toxic megacolon in one. These lesions are not generally associated with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The presence of these lesions in a child with bloody diarrhea should suggest hemolytic-uremic syndrome as a possible diagnosis. Sigmoidoscopy and roentgenographic examination of the colon with barium should be done in selected patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome to evaluate the degree of colonic involvement and the need for surgery.
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PMID:Colitis in children with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. 84 65

Small round, oval, or cuboidal foreign objects nearly always pass through the gastrointestinal tract promptly, and stasis of such objects in the stomach or duodenum is extremely uncommon. The authors describe 3 cases of prolonged retention in children with no clinical or plain-film evidence of duodenal obstruction. In each case, a barium meal demonstrated a congenital anomaly of the duodenum producing partial obstruction: duodenal stenosis, prolapse of the duodenal diaphragm ("windsock duodenum"), and an annular pancreas.
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PMID:Retention of small foreign objects in the stomach and duodenum. A sign of partial obstruction caused by duodenal anomalies. 111 73

The contribution of evacuation proctography (EP) to the evaluation of pelvic prolapse was assessed in 74 consecutive patients. A rectocele was demonstrated in 73 patients (99%); large rectoceles frequently showed barium trapping, but there was no correlation between these findings and rectal symptoms. An enterocele was detected at evacuation proctography in 13 patients (18%) (including two enteroceles seen only retrospectively), and a sigmoidocele was shown in four patients (5%). Physical examination resulted in detection of only seven enteroceles and of none of the sigmoidoceles. In 48 patients (65%), additional findings were evident at EP, including excessive pelvic floor descent, anal incontinence, rectal intussusception, and spastic pelvic floor. These data suggest that EP is particularly useful in the preoperative evaluation of pelvic prolapse if the patient has anorectal symptoms or is at risk for an enterocele. EP contributes to surgical planning by enabling identification of clinically unsuspected enteroceles and sigmoidoceles and coexistent disorders of rectal evacuation.
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PMID:Pelvic prolapse: assessment with evacuation proctography (defecography) 843 Feb 10

The intention of this study was to correlate the retained volume at the end of defecography to certain defecographic findings and to the sense of incomplete emptying. In 170 defecographic series, the retained barium was estimated planimetrically. No particular defecographic finding determined a higher or lower amount of remaining volume, and the sense of incomplete evacuation did not depend on the amount of retained volume. Thresholds of urge and perception on anorectal manometry did not differ between patients with and without the feeling of incomplete evacuation. A rectocele, isolated or combined with an internal prolapse, caused the retained volume to be in the lowermost part of the rectum, whereas, in the case of an isolated intussusception, the remaining volume was located in the middle or higher part of the rectum. It is concluded that defecographic findings do not in general explain incomplete emptying or the sense of incomplete emptying, but they may determine the localization of the retained volume.
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PMID:Is the volume retained after defecation a valuable parameter at defecography? 164

Chronic constipation is probably the most common symptom resulting in a referral of patients for a dynamic radiologic investigation of the GI tract. The primary usefulness of defecography in chronic constipation is to provide details about the dynamic phenomenon of evacuation which cannot be elicited by any other medical technique. It is employed to demonstrate or rule out the presence of an anatomical deformity (prolapse, rectocele, intussusception) and/or a localized dysfunction (outlet obstruction, rectal inertia) of the distal GI tract. Defecography can distinguish between a grossly obstructed pattern and an overtly normal one, but a definitive diagnosis is made by manometry and electromyographic studies. On the other hand, it should be noted that a failure to show abnormalities by defecography does not necessarily imply a normal anorectal function. A better understanding of anorectal physiology is expected in the future from combined video-pressure studies, which will provide the exact timing between the pressure drop and barium passage through the distal colon.
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PMID:Functional radiology of the ano-rectal region. 175 79

Although the initial reports of tracheoesophageal puncture after total laryngectomy reported little to no morbidity, subsequent studies with longer follow-up have reported a significant number of complications. We present the first reported case (to our knowledge) of prolapse of the posterior tracheal wall with diverticulum formation developing 6 years after continuous use of tracheoesophageal puncture speech. Preoperative assessment with a barium esophagogram and rigid esophagoscopy aided in the successful surgical treatment of this disorder. The pathogenesis of this complication and method of repair are discussed.
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PMID:Tracheostoma diverticulum following tracheoesophageal puncture. 211 10

This is a report of a simple transanal operation performed on six patients (age range, 19 months to 18 years), who underwent unsuccessful nonoperative management of complete rectal prolapse for at least 1 month (range, 1 month to 13 years). All patients had normal sweat chloride levels, normal chest radiographs, and normal barium enemas. None of the patients were neurologically compromised. At the time of surgery, all but one patient had occurrence of reducible prolapse with minor straining or with every bowel movement. No severe mucosal ulcerations were present. Surgical therapy consisted of the transanal mucosal sleeve resection described herein. In this series, there were no anastomotic leaks, no clinically evident strictures and no recurrence of prolapse in 1.5- to 19-year follow-up. Surgical therapy for rectal prolapse in infants and children is rarely necessary. Various complicated or ineffective operations for the treatment of this condition have been recommended in the past. This technique offers a simple, safe, and effective method of treating complete, medically intractable rectal prolapse in children.
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PMID:Transanal mucosal sleeve resection for the treatment of rectal prolapse in children. 219 58

A controlled radiologic study of anorectal function was performed with the use of defecography in 19 patients with constipation and 13 with incontinence. All patients were age and sex matched to control subjects who were referred for barium enema study and who had no defecation disorder. There were no statistically significant differences between either patient group and the control group in anorectal angle and excursion of the anorectal junction. In the 32 patients and 155 consecutive patients referred for defecography because of a variety of defecation disturbances, approximately twice as many rectal wall abnormalities were seen compared with findings in the control group. These findings included intussusception, rectal prolapse, rectocele, mucosal prolapse, spastic pelvic floor, descending perineum syndrome, and solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. In conclusion, the main role of defecography is to document rectal wall changes during defecation straining as possible causes of evacuation difficulties. Clinical symptoms should also be taken into account when treatment is contemplated.
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PMID:Anorectal function in patients with defecation disorders and asymptomatic subjects: evaluation with defecography. 229 37


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