Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After discussion of the modern concepts of pathophysiology of ocular myasthenia the ocular symptoms such as ptosis and eye muscle palsies are discussed. As important diagnostic sign the Simpson lid fatigue test before and after application of Tensilon is described. For diagnosis of myasthenic eye muscle palsies electrooculography has a special significance especially in connection with the application of Edrophonium, which normalizes myasthenic hypometric saccades and transforms them even in hypermetric saccades. In doubtful cases of eye muscle palsies the electromyogram of the affected muscle in connection with the Edrophonium-test is extremely valuable. With regard to modern treatment apart from cholinesterase inhibitors (Pyridostigmine, Neostigmine) thymectomy, the application of corticosteroids, ACTH and especially also immune suppressive drugs (Imurel etc.) is discussed. Of great significance in ocular myasthenia is the local application of cholinesterase inhibitors like Eserine, Prostigmin or Phospholine Iodide.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of ocular myasthenia (author's transl)]. 20 42

The effects of CRF, ACTH 1-24, alpha-MSH, and an ACTH 4-49 analog, at doses of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg, were tested on temperature, ptosis, and sedation in mice pretreated 18 hr previously with reserpine. IP injection of CRF at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg significantly potentiated the reserpine-induced hypothermia while ACTH 1-24 at the same two doses had the opposite effect of significantly reversing the hypothermia as compared to diluent. The highest dose of alpha-MSH exerted a similar action to that of ACTH 1-24, but none of the doses of the ACTH 4-9 analog changed body temperature. beta-endorphin also failed to cause a reliable effect even though naloxone blocked the action of CRF on body temperature. The results suggest that CRF, like other hypothalamic peptides, can exert extra-pituitary actions after peripheral administration.
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PMID:Opposite effects of CRF and ACTH on reserpine-induced hypothermia. 629 33

The endocrine effects of surgical trauma are incompletely understood. We have measured serum levels of cortisol, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), 4-androstene-3,17-dione (A4) and total (free + conjugated) estrone (tE1) before, during and up to 6 days after surgery in 30 postmenopausal women undergoing repair of vaginal prolapse. Anesthetic procedures were standardized. During surgery and the early postoperative hours the serum steroid pattern closely resembled that found during a diagnostic ACTH challenge test with a simultaneous increase in all adrenocortical steroids, while tE1 levels were unchanged. During the late postoperative period the levels of cortisol, 17-OHP and A4 were still elevated up to 24 h after surgery while the levels of DHA were normal or even decreased. The postoperative pattern of adrenocortical steroids may reflect a redistribution of the intra-adrenal steroid flux in favor of cortisol production. The tE1 levels were elevated in the early and, most pronounced, in the late postoperative phase. tE1 was positively correlated to A4, in the early but not in the late postoperative phase. The late increase in tE1 probably reflects an impaired bowel function in connection with surgery, leading to increased reabsorption during enterohepatic circulation.
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PMID:Hormonal patterns in postmenopausal women during gynecological surgery. 901 98

Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces sickness behaviors, as well as alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal functioning commonly associated with stressors. In the present investigation, it was demonstrated that systemic LPS treatment induced a sickness-like behavioral profile (reduced active behaviors, soporific effects, piloerection, ptosis), which appeared to be dependent upon the novelty of the environmental context in which animals were tested. As well, LPS induced anxiogenic-like responses, including decreased time spent in the illuminated portion of a light-dark box, reduced open-arm entries in a plus-maze test, and decreased contact with a novel stimulus object in an open-field situation. The behavioral changes were accompanied by increased plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels. As well, LPS induced increased turnover of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), median eminence plus arcuate nucleus, hippocampus, as well as NE turnover within the locus coeruleus and DA turnover within the nucleus accumbens. Although these neurochemical variations were reminiscent of those elicited by stressors, LPS was not particularly effective in modifying DA activity within the prefrontal cortex or NE within the amygdala, variations readily induced by stressors. Whether the LPS-induced anxiogenic-like responses were secondary to the illness engendered by the endotoxin remains to be determined. Nevertheless, it ought to be considered that bacterial endotoxin challenge, and the ensuing cytokine changes, may contribute to emotionality and perhaps even anxiety-related behavioral disturbances.
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PMID:Behavioral and neurochemical consequences of lipopolysaccharide in mice: anxiogenic-like effects. 1008 15

We report a man in whom a 15 cm. renal tumor was excised at the age of 49. The pathological examination showed a clear cell carcinoma. Five years later, he presented with headache, vomiting and unilateral palpebral ptosis. Imaging studies showed a sellar tumor with pituitary apoplexy. The tumor was excised and the pathological study disclosed a clear cell tumor, positive for vimentin, cytokeratins AE1 and AE3 and immunohistochemically negative for LH, TSH, ACTH and GH. Considering the similar histopathological features, it was considered as a metastasis of the renal tumor. The patient was supplemented with thyroid, adrenal and gonadal hormones. Seven years later, he presented a new tumor in the remaining kidney, that corresponded to a cystic papillary renal cell carcinoma. Afterwards, he presented a transitional urinary bladder tumor. Mortality associated to renal cell tumors is 90% at 5 years, and pituitary metastases are extraordinarily uncommon.
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PMID:[Apoplexy in pituitary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. Clinical case followed for 7 years]. 1134 89

LHRH analogs have become a promising modality in prostate cancer therapy as an alternative to surgical castration, and the use of these agents is generally considered to be safe. Since now, only few cases of an apoplexy of previously undiagnosed pituitary adenoma (usually gonadotropinoma) at the beginning of therapy have been described in the medical literature. We present a case of a 74 year old patient who was diagnosed of prostate cancer at the age of 68. There was no evidence of metastatic disease. Radical prostatectomy was performed and LHRH analog gosereline (Zoladex 3.6 mg s.c.) was administered. During the first day after gosereline injection the patient developed headaches that became more severe over the next 3 days. Then the patient experienced nausea and vomiting, double vision and eyelid ptosis. On the 5th day the patient temporarily lost consciousness and was admitted to hospital. Imaging (computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) revealed the presence of a pituitary tumor and hemorrhage within the gland. There was no evidence of pituitary dysfunction in hormonal studies. Neurosurgical intervention was postponed for 5 days after admission. Pathological mass with signs of recent hemorrhage was removed via transsphenoidal route. The tumor had negative immunohistochemical GH, ACTH and PRL staining. Neurological impairment resolved within 9 months after the operation. As a result the patient required adrenal and thyroid replacement. During 6 years of follow-up there was no evidence of prostate cancer recurrence.
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PMID:Apoplexy of clinically silent pituitary adenoma during prostate cancer treatment with LHRH analog. 1715 26

A 73-year-old woman presented with disturbance of right eyelid opening with ptosis and impairment of right ocular movement, and later was found to have Cushingoid features. Endocrine examinations revealed that plasma ACTH and cortisol levels were elevated, lack of circadian rhythm, resistant to low-doses (0.5, 1, 2 mg) and high-dose (8 mg) dexamethasone, and responsive to CRH and DDAVP. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large pituitary tumor invading the right cavernous sinus. After two months treated with bromocriptine (5 mg/day), she showed clinical improvement with normalization of plasma ACTH and cortisol levels, and improvement of right eyelid opening and ocular movement. MRI, however, revealed no apparent reduction in the size of pituitary tumor. This is a rare case of bromocriptine-responsive Cushing's disease.
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PMID:Bromocriptine-responsive Cushing's disease; clinical and biochemical remission accompanied by amelioration of impaired ocular movement. 1763 11