Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 42-year-old woman presented with persistent headaches, vertigo, vomiting and transient periods of unconsciousness. Examination revealed a spheno-nasopharyngeal encephalocele lying between the ethmoid bone and the sphenoid sinus. It was possible to push the prolapse gently back by a transmaxillary procedure and to close the bony gap with resorbable cellulose. Long term follow up revealed no further complications and complete healing. The otorhinolaryngologist should be willing and able to treat such encephaloceles of the ethmoid roof or of the sphenoid sinus.
HNO 1987 Dec
PMID:[Encephaloceles]. 342 80

Latero-basal fractures of the skull base due to a blunt head injury may cause vascular and nervous lesions. The most important lesion is rupture of the middle meningeal artery in the foramen spinosum leading to an acute epidural haematoma. Its early diagnosis is of vital importance. Lesions of the cranial nerves are rarely surgically remediable. Diagnostic steps in the management of these lesions are outlined. Close cooperation between ENT specialists and neurosurgeons is of the highest importance, particularly when dealing with petrous bone lesions producing C.S.F. otorrhea or the prolapse appearance of contused brain into the auditory canal.
HNO 1986 Dec
PMID:[Current status of the diagnosis and treatment of laterobasal skull fractures]. 381 69

The effects of the normotensive, mainly centrally active nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor 7-nitro indazole and the hypertensive drug NG-nitro-L-arginine, which blocks both the endothelial and the central NOS, have been examined on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats. Both drugs attenuated the same withdrawal signs (teeth-chattering, penile licking, diarrhoea, chewing, wet-dog shakes, grooming), while other signs remained unaffected (rearing, jumping, ptosis, rhinorrhoea, irritability on touch). These findings indicate that mainly central (but not endothelial) nitric oxide is involved in the expression of some opioid withdrawal symptoms.
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PMID:Comparative study of normotensive and hypertensive nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats. 753 10

We examined the effect of 7-nitro indazole (7-NI, 2.5-50 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of central nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, on general behaviour and sleep. The results show that 7-NI induces ptosis, a loss of the righting reflex and decrease of the EEG amplitudes. Furthermore, a duration of slow wave sleep (SWS) and REM sleep decreased, while the latencies of SWS and REM sleep increased. The effects of 7-NI on general behaviour and sleep were partially antagonized by intraventricular administration of the NO precursor, L-arginine (600 micrograms). These findings indicate that 7-NI induces a state of prominent central depression associated with motor deficit and decrease in sleep stages and wakefulness. It further suggests that NO exerts a significant excitatory effect on the neuronal structure involved in the regulation of locomotion and vigilance.
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PMID:Sleep and nitric oxide: effects of 7-nitro indazole, inhibitor of brain nitric oxide synthase. 877 77

We examined the effects of potent neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, 3-bromo-7-nitro indazole (3-Br-7-NI) and S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline (S-Me-TC) on general behaviour, vigilance stages and electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectra in rats. In addition, we studied the effect of 7-nitro indazole (7-NI) on EEG power spectra in rats during dark and light periods. 3-Br-7-NI induced ptosis and decrease of slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep in the rat. 7-NI and 3-Br-7-NI reduced the EEG power density in all frequency bands in the rat, suggesting a depression of central neuronal activity. This effect of 7-NI was more prominent during the day than during the night, indicating a circadian variation in the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) response to NOS inhibitor. EEG power was the most reduced in the 7-9 Hz range of the rhythmic slow activity (theta rhythm), which is in accordance with decreased locomotion observed following administration of NOS inhibitors. Although S-Me-TC is the most potent NOS inhibitor in vitro experiments, it had less effect on vigilance and EEG power in the rat than other NOS inhibitors used in this study, probably due to its short lasting and blood pressure raising effect. The present results indicate that nitric oxide exerts an excitatory and circadian dependent effect in the central neuronal structures involved in the regulation of vigilance.
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PMID:Vigilance and EEG power in rats: effects of potent inhibitors of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase. 922 90

Peripheral facial paresis is often accompanied by incomplete closure of the eyelids and may lead to varying degrees of keratopathy. Conservative therapeutic measures are often not sufficient. To achieve better lid closure tarsorraphy has been the primary method of treatment but has certain functional and cosmetic drawbacks for the patient. Alternatively gold weight implants have been used to close the upper lid by the force of gravity and if needed can be combined with further reconstructive facial surgery. From May 1994 to January 1997 29 patients with peripheral facial paralysis were treated with gold weight upper lid implants. Postoperative closure of the lids was sufficient in all cases, and there was a statistically significant decrease in lagophthalmos and improvement in keratopathy. Complications observed included ptosis (n = 5), cosmetically unacceptable bulging of the gold implant (n = 5), extrusion of the implant (n = 1) and the development of a low-grade corneal astigmatism (n = 7). In all cases of astigmatism correction was achieved by the fitting of cylinder glasses. In all, functional results achieved showed that the gold implant was superior to the cosmetically bothersome tarsorraphy.
HNO 1999 Apr
PMID:[Risks of upper eyelid gold implantation in peripheral facial paralysis]. 1040 31

Glutamate receptors are implicated in the development and expression of drug dependence. Substantial experimental evidence suggests that antagonists acting at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors attenuate the severity of opioid withdrawal. However, it is less clear whether opioid withdrawal can be potentiated by agonists of glutamate receptors. The present study evaluated the behavioural effects of various agonists of glutamate receptors, as well as a nitric oxide (NO) donor, in morphine-dependent rats trained to discriminate 0.1 mg/kg of naloxone from saline. None of the following drugs produced appreciable levels of naloxone-like responding (substitution tests) or potentiated the discriminative stimulus effects of naloxone: NMDA (3-56 mg/kg), glycine (100-1000 mg/kg), glutamate (1000-3000 mg/kg), kainate (0.3-3 mg/kg), isosorbide dinitrate (30-300 mg/kg). Nevertheless, expression of some morphine withdrawal-like somatic and behavioural signs ('wet-dog'-like shaking, scream on touch, ptosis, tremor, chewing, weight loss) was facilitated by NMDA, glycine, and isosorbide dinitrate. These results suggest that, compared to somatic symptoms, subjective effects of opioid withdrawal (as reflected by discriminative stimulus effects) are not mimicked by direct activation of glutamate receptors.
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PMID:Behavioural effects of glutamate receptor agonists in morphine-dependent rats. 1078 Aug 4

Comparable pathological changes in the mitral valve have been described in dogs, pigs and human patients with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), i.e., primary mitral valve prolapse. The progressive myxomatous changes are probably a response to repeated impact on the leaflets, and endothelial stress or damage probably plays a central role in the pathogenesis. Little, however, is known about the vasoactive substances that mediate the subendothelial changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in canine mitral valve leaflets and to relate the findings to MMVD changes. The mitral valve was taken post mortem from 12 dogs (six males and six females) and a whole valve NADPH (the reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate) diaphorase (NADPH-d) reaction was performed. Macroscopical (semiquantitative) and microscopical (computer image analysis) evaluations of the staining due to NADPH-d activity were performed at four specific areas of the valve and related to microscopical signs of MMVD and gross signs of thickening or prolapse, or both. Macroscopically, the NADPH-d colour grade was correlated with the degree of MMVD (P=0.01). In addition, endothelial NADPH-d staining intensity was correlated with macroscopical signs of disease (P=0.004) as well as with collagen degeneration (P=0.008) and deposition of mucopolysaccharides (P=0.02). Age, gender and specific area of the valve did not seem to influence the NADPH-d activity. In conclusion, increased NADPH-d activity, suggesting increased NOS expression, was found in areas of the mitral valve with myxomatous changes. This indicates that nitric oxide (NO) may play a role in the pathogenesis of MMVD in dogs.
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PMID:Increased NADPH-diaphorase activity in canine myxomatous mitral valve leaflets. 1292 17

We report a 68-year-old male who had orbital trauma from a bicycle accident. His vision was initially normal but deteriorated over 8 days to complete blindness. After 13 days, when he first consulted a physician, clinical investigation revealed total ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and chemosis. Computed tomographic scan showed fractures of the medial orbital wall, orbital floor, and posterior ethmoid with dislocation into the orbital apex near the optic nerve. The patient was sent to our department for optic nerve decompression. Clinical examination showed induration and an already healed infraorbital entry wound suggesting an orbital foreign body, which was confirmed by ultrasound. Renewed analysis of CT scans in different window settings could clearly demonstrate a wooden foreign body in the lower eyelid. Additionally, a diffuse inflammation in the orbital apex was diagnosed. The foreign body was removed and decompression of the orbita and optic nerve was performed. Antibiotics and corticosteroids were administered i.v. Unfortunately, no visual improvement could be achieved.
HNO 2007 Jun
PMID:[Secondary amaurosis after infraorbital injury with a wooden foreign body]. 1660 92

Endoscopic forehead lifting is a widely accepted treatment for brow ptosis. The procedure safely and effectively corrects horizontal forehead rhytids, brow ptosis, upper eyelid dermatochalasis and periorbital crow's feet. The result is a refreshed and more open facial expression. A thorough understanding of basic facial anatomy is the key to successful cosmetic surgery. The procedure is based on a subperiostal and preperiosteal mobilisation of the temporal and frontal soft tissues and a detachment of the periosteum of the orbital rim. An upper eyelid blepharoplasty and selective incomplete or complete myotomies of the corrugator and procerus muscles may be incorporated in the operation. Most surgeons prefer to fixate the elevated soft tissue planes to the calvarium by sutures, titanium or resorbabale polyglactid anchors. While initial enthusiasm for this procedure seems to be declining in several countries, few ENT-surgeons are familiar with this technique in Europe. This article reviews the surgical anatomy of the forehead and temporoparietal region by means of cadaver dissection and describes the surgical procedure for German speaking readers.
HNO 2007 Mar
PMID:[Endoscopic forehead lifting: surgical anatomy and technique]. 1729 46


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