Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a heteroplasmic novel mutation m.5636T>C in the mt-tRNA(Ala) in a patient with bilateral ptosis and ophthalmoparesis in whom a muscle biopsy showed cytochrome c oxdidase (COX) negative and ragged red fibers. Using laser capture microdissection we have isolated COX negative fibers and COX positive fibers from the muscle of the patient and determined that the mutation load was clearly increased in COX negative muscle fibers. Additionally, the mutated m.5636T nucleotide is conserved in all the mammal and non-mammal species analyzed and might be structurally relevant as it is located in a position involved in the formation of tertiary structure of canonical mitochondrial tRNAs.
 ...
PMID:A novel mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA(Ala) gene (m.5636T>C) in a patient with progressive external ophthalmoplegia. 2081 5

Some mutations in FOXL2 result in premature ovarian failure accompanied by blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus syndrome type I disease, and FOXL2-null mice exhibit developmental defects in granulosa cells. Recently, FOXL2 c.402C>G, a new somatic mutation that leads to a p.C134W change, was found in the majority of adult-type ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs). In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms by which the C134W mutation contributes to the development of GCTs. Wild-type (WT) and mutant FOXL2 displayed differential apoptotic activities. Specifically, WT FOXL2 induced significant granulosa cell death, but the mutant exhibited minimal cell death. The FOXL2-induced apoptotic response was greatly dependent on caspase 8, BID and BAK because the depletion of any of these three proteins inhibited FOXL2 from eliciting the full apoptotic response. Activation of caspase 8 and subsequent increased production of truncated BID, and oligomerization of BAK, and release of cytochrome c were all associated with the apoptosis induced by WT FOXL2 expression. In contrast, the mutant FOXL2 was unable to elicit the full array of apoptotic signaling responses. In addition, we found differential TNF-R1 (tumor necrosis factor-receptor 1) and Fas (CD95/APO-1) upregulation between the WT and the mutant, and the silencing of TNF-R1 or Fas and the blockage of the death signaling mediated by TNF-R1 or Fas using TNF-Fc or Fas-Fc, respectively, resulted in significant attenuations of FOXL2-induced apoptosis. Moreover, granulosa cells that expressed either WT FOXL2 or mutant exhibited distinct cell death sensitivities on activation of death receptors and deprivation of serum. Thus, the differential activities of FOXL2 and its mutant may partially account for the pathophysiology of GCT development.
 ...
PMID:Differential apoptotic activities of wild-type FOXL2 and the adult-type granulosa cell tumor-associated mutant FOXL2 (C134W). 2111 1

We report the case of a 62-year-old man with sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis (SANDO). He developed gait disturbance at 54 years of age, muscle weakness at 56 years, and difficulty hearing at 58 years. His brother had muscle weakness in both legs from age 20 years, and was diagnosed with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease because he had muscle weakness of the four extremities, decreased CMAP and SNAP amplitudes on peripheral nerve conduction tests, and loss of large myelinated fibers and onion-bulb formations on sural nerve biopsy. His brother died aged 46 years, but no accurate cause of death was identified. Neurological examination of the present patient revealed bilateral ptosis, external ophthalmoparesis, dysarthria, dysphagia, sensorineural hearing loss, mild weakness and atrophy of proximal muscles in all four limbs, severe sensory ataxia, and disturbance of deep sensation in his legs. He showed elevation of lactate and pyruvate levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. An aerobic exercise test disclosed a marked increase in lactate and pyruvate levels in serum. On nerve conduction study, amplitudes of CMAP and SNAP, and F wave-evoked frequency were decreased. Needle electromyography showed chronic neurogenic patterns with fibrillation potentials in the extremity muscles. Head MRI demonstrated T2 prolonged lesions in the bilateral basal ganglia, while brain MRS revealed a small lactate peak. Biopsy of his left lateral vastus muscle showed ragged-red fibers and group atrophy, and some muscle fibers had decreased cytochrome c activity. Left sural nerve biopsy revealed a marked loss of large myelinated fibers, and some onion-bulb formations. Genetic testing disclosed a large mtDNA deletion in the biopsied muscle. Among nuclear genes, we found point mutations in ANT-1 (exon 1 c.105G>A, 5' untranslated region) and POLG-1 (exon 4, c.1218G>A, p. and exon 23 c.3920C>T, p.A1217V). We diagnosed SANDO. This is the first case of SANDO with large mitochondrial DNA deletions in Japanese.
 ...
PMID:[A case of sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis with multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions]. 2352