Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Division of the axons of adrenergic neurones by crushing the postganglionic nerve trunks of rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) at 6 days of age resulted in a permanent atrophy of the SCG reflected by a persistent decrease in the total protein content and in the activities of the enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and DOPA decarboxylase. Administration of nerve growth factor (NGF) to rats with unilateral axotomy at a dose of 10 mug/g/day for the period 7-21 days of age resulted in hypertrophy of both normal and axotomised SCG. There was a progressive rise in the total protein content and in the activities of the two enzymes till the end of the treatment period in both SCG. After treatment ceased there was a progressive fall in the total protein content and activities of the two enzymes reaching a stable level after 4 weeks. The level reached for treated unoperated SCG remained elevated when compared to untreated control SCG. Axotomised treated SCG had approximately the same biochemical parameters as untreated control SCG and very much elevated over untreated axotomised SCG. These final levels persisted for at least 56 days after treatment had ceased. Animals showed a persistent ptosis after axotomy at 6 days of age but treatment with NGF resulted in a functional recovery by 11 weeks of age. It is suggested that there is normally a retrograde transfer of a factor durind development from the target cell to the perikarya of the neurone permitting survival if the appropriate connections are made. Failure to make such a contact results in cedd death. The cell death occurring normally, and the cell death resulting from axotomy, can both be prevented by NGF treatment leading to an hypertrophy of both SCG. This consistent with the hypothesis than NGF is the retrograde trophic agent for the sympathetic nervous system in the developing animal.
 ...
PMID:The response of adrenergic neurones to axotomy and nerve growth factor. 23 22

Norepinephrine (NE), a vital neurotransmitter in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, is synthesized by dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) through the oxidation of dopamine (DA) to NE. DBH deficiency is a congenital disorder characterized by severe orthostatic hypotension, ptosis, and retrograde ejaculation. Biochemical features of the syndrome include elevated levels of dopamine, undetectable levels of DBH, undetectable tissue and circulating levels of NE and epinephrine. Molecular genetic analysis studies suggested that DBH deficiency is a Mendelian recessive disorder attributable to heterogenous mutations at the DBH locus. DBH deficiency has been treated effectively with L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS). DOPS is converted directly to NE through decarboxylation by L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), thereby bypassing DBH. Orthostatic intolerance is a syndrome characterized by lightheadedness, fatigue, altered mentation, syncope, and postural tachycardia. Biochemical features may include plasma NE concentration that is disproportionately high in relation to sympathetic outflow, decreased NE clearance with standing, resistance to the NE-releasing effect of tyramine, and increased sensitivity to adrenergic agonists. A subset of OI patients has pathophysiologic features that have been associated with a genetic polymorphism. The coding mutation, A457P, occurs in one of the alleles of norepinephrine transporter gene of a proband with OI and her family. Alpha-methyl dopa, beta blockers and clonidine, a partial agonist of alpha2-adrenoceptor that acts centrally to reduce sympathetic outflow and lower blood pressure, have been effective in the treatment of this condition. The identification of the genetic polymorphisms involved in the synthesis, transport, storage, and metabolism of the catecholamines may provide new insights into the diagnosis and management of autonomic, cardiovascular, endocrine and psychiatric disorders.
 ...
PMID:The broader view: catecholamine abnormalities. 1210 62