Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The extensive pharmacological evaluation of JL 13 as an atypical antipsychotic drug has revealed a close similarity to clozapine, however with some major advantages. JL 13 was characterized as a weak D(2) antagonist, both in vitro and in vivo, with a strong affinity for the D(4) and the 5-HT(2A) receptors. It has no affinity for the 5-HT(2C) receptor. In vivo microdialysis experiments in rat showed that JL 13, like clozapine, preferentially increased extracellular dopamine concentrations in the prefrontal cortex compared to nucleus accumbens or striatum. Behavioral studies showed that JL 13, like clozapine, has the profile of an atypical antipsychotic. Thus, JL 13 did not antagonize apomorphine-induced stereotypy nor did it produce catalepsy, but it antagonized apomorphine-induced climbing in rodents. It was inactive against d-amphetamine-induced stereotypy but antagonized d-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity in the mouse. Likewise, in the paw test, it was more effective in prolonging hindlimb retraction time than prolonging forelimb retraction time. Like other antipsychotic drugs, JL 13 reversed the apomorphine- and amphetamine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition. In a complex temporal regulation schedule in the dog, JL 13 showed a high resemblance with clozapine without inducing sialorrhea, palpebral ptosis or any significant motor side effects. In rats and squirrel monkeys JL 13 induced a high degree of generalization (70%) to clozapine. Regarding behavioral toxicology, JL 13 did not produce dystonia or Parkinsonian symptoms in haloperidol-sensitized monkeys. After acute administration, again like clozapine, JL 13 induced only a transient increase in circulating prolactin. Last but not the least, regarding a possible hematological toxicity, unlike clozapine, JL 13 did not present sensitivity to peroxidase-induced oxidation. Moreover, its electrooxidation potential was close to that of loxapine and far from that of clozapine. Taking all these preclinical data into account, it appears that JL 13 is a promising atypical antipsychotic drug.
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PMID:JL 13, an atypical antipsychotic: a preclinical review. 1259 11

Tumors of dendritic reticulum cells are rare neoplasms that exhibit significant morphologic overlap with other malignancies. Fine-needle aspiration cytologic appearances of this neoplasm are not well understood. A 33-yr-old woman presented with a rapidly growing nodular mass in the right upper cervical region and right-sided ptosis. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the mass showed dissociated as well as clustered, large, polygonal cells that showed high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. Nuclei were round, oval, or irregular in shape. Large and small blastoid forms with prominent nucleoli and chromatin clumping as well as binucleated cells and cells with lobulated nuclei were seen. Numerous mitoses were observed. The tumor cells expressed focal immunocytochemical reactivity to CD45 and CD68, but were negative for CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD30, CD45RO, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin, and HMB45. Histologic sections of the biopsy from the growth showed nodal tissue effaced by a tumor composed of large, pleomorphic neoplastic cells with some binucleate and multinucleate forms resembling Reed-Sternberg cells. The intervening stroma contained numerous small lymphocytes. Tumor cells expressed vimentin, S-100 protein, CD68, and MAC387, but were negative for LCA, CD1a, CD3, CD15, CD20, CD21, CD23, CD30, CD35, carcino-embryonic antigen, HMB45, cytokeratin AE1/3, EMA, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, smooth-muscle actin, and desmin. The combined histologic and immunohistologic features suggested a histiocytic/dendritic reticulum cell neoplasm and a diagnosis of interdigitating dendritic reticulum cell sarcoma was made.
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PMID:Interdigitating dendritic reticulum cell sarcoma: cytologic, histologic and immunocytochemical features. 1594 93

68-year-old female patient with no significant medical history presents with a 3-month history of progressive neurological symptoms, which began with left eye ptosis, blurred vision and non-painful jaw discomfort, followed by left spastic weakness and hyper-reflexia with positive Babinski and Hoffman signs. An elevated T3 level, a positive peroxidase and an antigraves antibody level led to an ultrasound, which confirmed a sub acute-chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. A nerve conduction studies/electromyogram showed normal motor and sensory velocity conduction with a small amplitude compound motor action potential, indicative of likely axonal damage. Following treatment with carbimazole, the neurological symptoms greatly improved. The authors concluded that the left pyramidal syndrome was secondary to autoimmune free T3-thyrotoxicosis.
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PMID:Reversible and unilateral corticospinal tract disease secondary to autoimmune free-T3-thyrotoxicosis. 2878 8

A 63 year-old man presented with 3 weeks of worsening, painless left-sided proptosis, ptosis, and diplopia. Examination of the affected eye revealed normal visual acuity, normal intraocular pressure in the presence of a shallow anterior chamber, grade 1 relative afferent pupillary defect, restricted motility in all directions of gaze, and 6 mm of proptosis. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed uveal effusions with anterior rotation of the ciliary body causing appositional angle closure. B-scan ultrasonography and MRI demonstrated enhancement of the posterior globe and an infiltrative mass involving the lacrimal gland and multiple extraocular muscles. Laboratory studies revealed positive perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody with elevated myeloperoxidase antibodies, consistent with a diagnosis of microscopic polyangiitis. Biopsy showed nonspecific dacryoadenitis. Intravenous and oral corticosteroids were associated with rapid improvement of all examination findings. The patient was later switched to rituximab steroid-sparing therapy and has shown no recurrence of disease at 3-months follow-up.
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PMID:Orbital Microscopic Polyangiitis With Secondary Angle Closure Due to Uveal Effusion. 3243 49