Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of this paper is to review the published and unpublished knowledge of the effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators on reproductive tissues other than endometrium. Pharmaceutical companies developing or marketing selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) were identified. The investigators at each company responsible for the conduct of investigational trials were contacted and queried about reports of adverse events in any ongoing or completed trials involving SERMs produced by their company. Levormeloxifene and idoxifene trials noted a higher proportion of surgery for pelvic organ prolapse in treated versus untreated women. The development of these pharmaceutical agents was discontinued, primarily for endometrial concerns. However, pelvic organ prolapse was reported to the FDA as an adverse event associated with both drugs. Study weaknesses preclude a definitive association between the agents and pelvic organ prolapse. The treated groups were not necessarily similar for confounding factors such as age, parity, obesity, cigarette smoking, and other risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse. Tamoxifen and raloxifene increase hot flash intensity and frequency. Ovarian cyst formation and uterine fibroid growth have also been reported with some SERMs. The identification and assessment of the impact of current and future SERMs on the pelvic floor and other genital tissues will be important to understanding their potential long-term application in disease treatment and prevention.
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PMID:Effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators on reproductive tissues other than endometrium. 1179 59

Menopause is defined by world health organization (WHO) as the permanent cessation of menstruating resulting from a loss of ovarian follicular activity, after one year of amenorrhea. It signifies the last menstrual cycle and the end of women's fertile and reproductive life. The average age for a women to undergo menopause is 51 years; unlike menarche, whose average age has decreased over the past decades, the age of menopause has remained unchanged. We can distinguish: 1) premenopause, the time interval leading up to menopause; 2) climacteric, the time interval between the reproductive e non-reproductive life; 3) premature menopause, that occurs in 1% of women. Menopause can also be induced iatrogenically as a result of surgery, medical therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Beyond the life the number of oocytes falls until there are no more suitable follicles for reproduction and the menopause ensues. At the same time, the ability of the ovary to produce hormones falls, leading to an increasing pulsatile release of FSH in order to stimulate the ovary to produce oestrogens. Menopause is characterized by different symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, dispareunia, prolapse, vulval itching due to vaginal atrophy and dryness, urinary incontinence, dysuria, and also the psychological aspects don't should be underestimated because of many women suffer of depression, mood instability, insomnia, fatigue and decreased libido. Long term symptoms include osteoporosis, cardiovascular and neuro-degenerative diseases. The main aim of different treatments was symptoms relief. Pharmacological agents and psychological support represent the goal for menopause treatment.
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PMID:Hormone replacement therapy in menopause and in premature ovarian insufficiency. 2434 49