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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After intraperitoneal administration of gradual aqueous doses obtained from Stachytarpheta jamaicensis leaves, the following effects were observed in rats: a reduction of motor activity and the alarm reaction, ataxia, sedation, analgesia, anesthesia, ptosis, piloerection, head tremors and a significant reduction of body temperature of about 8.4 degrees C. Robichaud's sign was present, probably due to some muscular relaxation. There were appreciable changes on respiration, with increment on amplitudes and reduction on the frequency, followed by apnea and the death of the animals, probably due to asphysia. Iridoid ipolamiide and the phenylpropanoid glycoside, verbascoside, were identified from the same extracts. Both metabolites have been indicated with potential pharmaceuticals properties in accord with ethnobotanical value attributed to this plant.
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PMID:[Pharmacological and chemical evaluation of stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Verbenaceae)]. 924 59

Twenty-eight sheep suffering from dystocia, with complications including vaginal prolapse and emphysematous foetuses, were treated by caesarean operation. When tested by needle prick 30-40 min after injection, analgesia of the flank was present in 12 of 13 ewes and eight of nine ewes following either sacrococcygeal or lumbosacral extradural xylazine, respectively at a dose rate of 0.07 mg kg-1. Twelve of 13 ewes, which were ambulatory at the time of extradural injection, exhibited pelvic paresis in the interval before surgery. Vaginal prolapses associated with the dystocia in seven of 22 ewes which were replaced during surgery but not retained by suture, did not recur.
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PMID:Evaluation of extradural xylazine injection for caesarean operation in ovine dystocia cases. 926 54

The antinociceptive and antidepressant effects of two pyrazolotriazine derivatives, 2-phenyl-3,3a-dihydro-4-oxo-5-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl) methyl-pyrazolo[1,5-d][1,2,4]-triazine (SM1) and 2-phenyl-3,3a-dihydro-4-oxo-5-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl] methylpyrazolo[1,5-d][1,2,4] triazine (SM3) have been investigated in mice using classical pharmacological tests. The intraperitoneal LD50 values of SM1 and SM3 were 253.4 and 218.8 mg kg-1 respectively. SM1 and SM3 showed analgesic properties in the phenylbenzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test (ED50 approximately 10-15 mg kg-1, i.p.) and in the hot-plate test. The antinociceptive effects of the triazines were significantly reduced by administration of naloxone (1 and 3.2 mg kg-1, s.c.) and yohimbine (1 mg kg-1, p.o.). Acute intraperitoneal administration of both compounds (1 mg kg-1 SM1 or 1.5 mg kg-1 SM3) potentiated morphine (0.15 mg kg-1, s.c.) analgesia in the phenylbenzoquinone test. Although this synergistic activity was not reversed by methysergide (0.5 mg kg-1, i.p.), the analgesic activity of both compounds was enhanced by administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (50 mg kg-1, i.p.) in conjunction with carbidopa (25 mg kg-1, i.p.). Furthermore, neither compound (at 100 mg kg-1, i.p.) significantly reduced the duration of immobility of mice in the forced swimming test, and both (at 75 mg kg-1, i.p.) were ineffective at enhancing the toxic effects of yohimbine (30 mg kg-1, s.c.). Only SM3 (ED50 = 74.5 mg kg-1, i.p.) significantly antagonized reserpine (2.5 mg kg-1, i.p.)-induced ptosis. Thus, the results suggest that SM1 and SM3 have antinociceptive properties related to co-involvement of opioidergic and alpha 2-adrenoceptor mechanism without associated antidepressant properties.
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PMID:Effects of two N-arylpiperazinylmethylpyrazolo [1,5-d][1,2,4]triazine derivatives in pain and antidepressant tests in mice. 936 13

Postnatal day-14 (P14) infant rats remained naive or were implanted with osmotic minipumps infusing saline or fentanyl (50 microg kg(-1) h(-1)). Fentanyl was administered 72 h later for measurement of antinociception in the tail-flick test. The potency of fentanyl was 3.0-fold lower in fentanyl-infused compared to saline-infused P17 rats. Fentanyl-infused P17 rats injected with naloxone underwent withdrawal characterized by increases in spontaneous activity, wall climbing, diarrhea, abdominal stretching, forepaw treading/tremors, wet-dog shakes, jumping, ptosis, rhinorrhea and hypothermia. Other naive, saline-infused and fentanyl-infused P17 rats not challenged with fentanyl or naloxone were housed until maturing into P42 juveniles. Fentanyl's potency was equal among each treatment group. However, morphine's potency was reduced in juveniles tolerant to fentanyl as infants. Morphine was also less potent in P90 adults tolerant to fentanyl as infants. Thus, chronic opiate exposure during infancy may affect the developing central nervous system, and desensitize animals and humans to opiate analgesia throughout life.
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PMID:Long-term alterations in opiate antinociception resulting from infant fentanyl tolerance and dependence. 988 76

Tolerance and dependence induced by chronic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration were investigated in mice. The effects on body weight, analgesia and hypothermia were measured during 6 days of treatment (10 or 20 mg kg(-1) THC twice daily). A rapid tolerance to the acute effects was observed from the second THC administration. The selective CB-1 receptor antagonist SR 141716A (10 mg kg(-1)) was administered at the end of the treatment, and somatic and vegetative manifestations of abstinence were evaluated. SR 141716A administration precipitated several somatic signs that included wet dog shakes, frontpaw tremor, ataxia, hunched posture, tremor, ptosis, piloerection, decreased locomotor activity and mastication, which can be interpreted as being part of a withdrawal syndrome. Brains were removed immediately after the behavioural measures and assayed for adenylyl cyclase activity. An increase in basal, forskolin and calcium/calmodulin stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities was specifically observed in the cerebellum of these mice. The motivational effects of THC administration and withdrawal were evaluated by using the place conditioning paradigm. No conditioned change in preference to withdrawal associated environment was observed. In contrast, a conditioned place aversion was produced by the repeated pairing of THC (20 mg kg(-1)), without observing place preference at any of the doses used. This study constitutes a clear behavioural and biochemical model of physical THC withdrawal with no motivational aversive consequences. This model permits an easy quantification of THC abstinence in mice and can be useful for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in cannabinoid dependence.
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PMID:Behavioural and biochemical evidence for signs of abstinence in mice chronically treated with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. 988 86

Homer's syndrome, which classically presents as ipsilateral ptosis, meiosis, and facial anhydrosis, may present as a consequence of thoracic epidural analgesia. Pain that limits the patient's ability to maintain adequate pulmonary mechanics may optimally be treated with a thoracic epidural. The importance of recognition of a Horner's syndrome in such a patient is critical in preventing unnecessary anxiety for the patient and potentially embarking on an unnecessary diagnostic workup. The following is a case presentation of a patient who sustained multiple rib fractures in an automobile accident. The patient presented with a Horner's syndrome after a thoracic epidural infusion had begun. This article highlights the importance of early recognition of this benign, transient syndrome and discusses the pathways and potential mechanism of this process.
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PMID:Transient Horner's syndrome in a trauma patient with thoracic epidural analgesia: a case report. 1096 35

Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy is when correctly indicated an easy feasible operative procedure for prolapsing internal hemorrhoids with or without a mucosal prolapse offering benefits to the patient. From July 1998 to October 2000 we treated 152 patients with a mean age of 52 (24-91) years for hemorrhoids within this study. We compared 72 patients, treated with stapled hemorrhoidectomy according to Koblandin-Longo with 80 patients who underwent a "conventional" reconstructive operation (Parks or Fansler-Arnold). All resected material was histopathologically examined. With stapler hemorrhoidectomy we found on average shorter operation times (22 vs. 53 min, p < 0.01), shorter hospitalisation (3 vs. 6.1 d, p < 0.01), significantly less postoperative pain (VAS 0-10: 1.83 vs. 3.70, p < 0.01) and fewer cumulative requests for analgesia by the patients (0.92 vs. 3.11 single doses, p < 0.01). The complication rate was 4 % in the stapler group and 11 % in the conventional group. Stapled hemorrhoidectomy was carried out only in patients with 3 degrees hemorrhoids with or without mucosal prolapse. The conventional group consisted of patients with 3 degrees prolapsing or 4 degrees fixated external hemorrhoids. Although very promising results are actually described with stapler hemorrhoidectomy, the established conventional reconstructive operations should be continued until long-term results are published.
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PMID:[Stapler hemorrhoidectomy versus conventional procedures - a clinical study]. 1188 32

This report highlights transient Horner's syndrome and trigeminal nerve palsy following labor epidural analgesia. A 29-year-old primigravida had a lumbar epidural catheter placed for analgesia in labor. The analgesia was maintained by infusion of a dilute local anesthetic/opioid mixture and turned off after achieving complete cervical dilation. Approximately 1 hour after delivery she complained of heaviness in her left eyelid, and was noted to have left-sided ptosis and paresthesia within the distribution of the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve, which resolved over the next 2 hours. There were no other neurologic changes. Horner's syndrome and cranial nerve palsies can occur as a consequence of epidural analgesia for labor.
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PMID:Horner's syndrome and trigeminal nerve palsy after lumbar epidural analgesia for labor and delivery. 1247 90

The aim of this case-controlled study was to determine whether non-closure of the peritoneum is detrimental in vaginal hysterectomy. 233 patients who underwent total vaginal hysterectomy (TVH) or laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) at the University of Vienna/Austria were analyzed. Cohorts of patients were formed according to their peritonealization status (open, n=117, vs closed peritoneum, n=116) and further stratified according to the type of surgical procedure: simple TVH ( n=115), TVH with concurrent vaginal repair and/or urinary incontinence surgery ( n=91) and LAVH ( n=27). No significant differences could be observed in analyzed surgical outcome (operation time, blood loss and analgesia). Complications (fever, infection, hemorrhage or revision) were similar whether the peritoneum was closed or not. After simple TVH, resumption of bowel function took place earlier in patients with open peritoneum than in those where it had been sutured (1.9 vs 2.4 days, P=0.001). No readmission for prolapse of the vaginal vault was recorded. Non-closure of the peritoneum at vaginal hysterectomy appears to be safe. Omission of peritoneal closure reduces the potential risk of injury and has a beneficial effect on bowel function.
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PMID:A study of non-closure of the peritoneum at vaginal hysterectomy. 1259 21

The purpose of the present study was to determine the value of circular hemorrhoidectomy (procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids [PPH]) on the basis of data collected prospectively during the initial experience of a group of Latin American surgeons. Between 2000 and 2001, PPH was performed using a circular stapler in 177 patients who had third- and fourth-degree hemorrhoidal disease. The average age of the patients was 47.7 years (range 26 to 85 years). Anal bleeding was the most common preoperative complaint (93.2%) followed by anal pain (60.2%), anal itching (43%), and constipation (41%). Hemorrhoids were classified as third degree in 132 patients (74%) and fourth degree in 45 patients (25.4%). Skin tags were detected in 86 patients (48.8%) and rectocele in 14 patients (7.9%). Data collected included patient demographics, type of anesthesia, and specific details of the surgery such as duration of the operation, distance from the staple line to the dentate line, need for complementary hemostasis, and any unexpected occurrences. Postoperative data collected included the degree of pain, which was evaluated on the basis of the type and dosage of analgesics required, laxative consumption, and the presence of bleeding, fever, urinary retention, or hematomas. Each patient completed a written questionnaire addressing these events. Patients returned for follow-up visits on days 7, 15, 30, and 90. Responses to pain, bleeding, fever, anal continence, recurrence of hemorrhoids, and level of satisfaction were compiled. The duration of the procedure ranged from 6 minutes to 2 hours (average 23 minutes), and most operations lasted no more than 20 minutes, with the exception of one that lasted 2 hours because of intraoperative bleeding. Intraoperative problems were minor. An additional one or a few sutures were required in 58.7% of patients to achieve perfect hemostasis. In 128 patients (72.3%) the hospital stay was less than 24 hours. Same-day surgery was chosen for 37 patients (20.9%). Pain was controlled with analgesia only using one to six doses of oral dipirona in 126 patients. Five patients were readmitted to the hospital: four for control of bleeding and one for conventional hemorrhoidectomy due to an acute episode of external hemorrhoidal thrombosis. At day 30, patients rated the efficacy of the procedure in alleviating preoperative symptoms as follows: 77.5% excellent; 16% good; 5.3% average, and 1.2% poor. At 3 months postoperatively no patient had had a recurrence of hemorrhoidal prolapse, and there were no instances of stenosis or anal incontinence. Surgeons also rated the efficacy of the procedure as excellent in 75%, good in 19.8%, average in 4.7%, and poor in 0.6%. With proper selection of patients and adequate stapling technique, stapled hemorrhoidectomy may be considered safe; it is easily learned, has a satisfactory degree of pain, and is well accepted by both patients and surgeons.
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PMID:Stapled hemorrhoidectomy: initial experience of a Latin American group. 1312 62


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