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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of detomidine, a veterinary sedative analgesic, were studied in the horse. Novel objective techniques were employed to assess the analgesic and sedative potency of this compound. Intravenous doses of 0.010, 0.020 and 0.040 mg/kg were administered to eight adult Thoroughbred racehorses according to a double-blind crossover design. Analgesia was measured by determining the latency to onset of the skin twitch and hoof withdrawal reflexes following noxious thermal stimulation of the withers and fetlock, respectively. Sedation was assessed by quantifying spontaneous locomotor activity in horses confined to an activity chamber, and by electronic measurement of head ptosis. Linear, dose-related increases in the intensity and duration of analgesia were observed. However, dose-related increases in duration, rather than intensity of sedation were observed. In conclusion, detomidine is an effective analgesic in the horse, but it is more potent in producing sedation than analgesia.
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PMID:Objective assessment of detomidine-induced analgesia and sedation in the horse. 341 17

A sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of bupivacaine and its two metabolites, desbutyl- and 4'-hydroxybupivacaine, in human serum and urine is described. Bupivacaine, both metabolites and the internal standard, etidocaine, are extracted with diethyl ether and then back-extracted into an acidic aqueous phase. After subsequent extraction into diethyl ether, evaporation and reconstitution in the mobile phase, bupivacaine and the metabolites are determined by HPLC using a reversed-phase C8 column with tetrahydrofuran-potassium phosphate buffer (8:92, v/v, pH 2.4) as the mobile phase. The sensitivity of the method is 10 micrograms/l for bupivacaine and both metabolites and the extraction efficiencies are 95, 54 and 92% for bupivacaine and desbutyl- and 4'-hydroxybupivacaine, respectively. The reproducibility of the method is good, the coefficients of variation varying between 1.8 and 7.4% in the concentration range 0.10-2.00 mg/l. The procedure was applied to human serum and urine samples from two elderly women who had been operated on under epidural analgesia (plain bupivacaine, 1.5 mg/kg) because of uterine prolapse.
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PMID:Simultaneous determination of bupivacaine and its two metabolites, desbutyl- and 4'-hydroxybupivacaine, in human serum and urine. 355 65

The decapeptide from the frog Hyla caerulea, caerulein (caerulein diethylammonium hydrate, ceruletide, CER) is chemically closely related to the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8). Like CCK-8, CER and some of its analogues produce many behavioural effects in mammals: inhibition of intake of food and water; antinociception; sedation; catalepsy; ptosis, antistereotypic, anticonvulsive and tremorolytic effects; inhibition of self-stimulation. Effects of CER in man comprise sedation, satiety, changes in mood, analgesia and antipsychotic effects. A modulation of central dopaminergic functions appears to be one possible mechanism of CER and its analogues. A common denominator for all effects of CER is, at present, not evident.
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PMID:Caerulein and its analogues: neuropharmacological properties. 391 10

Horner syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis, and facial and conjunctival vasodilation) is a recognized complication of lumbar epidural analgesia for labor and delivery. Alone, it presents no significant risk to mother or fetus, as resolution is spontaneous and complete. Horner syndrome may, however, be associated with significant maternal hypotension and therefore should be an indication for close maternal and fetal monitoring to provide reassurance.
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PMID:Horner syndrome during lumbar epidural analgesia for obstetrics. 708 23

The potential antidepressant effects of two pyridazine derivatives, 5-benzyl 6-methyl 2-[4-(3-trifluoro-methyl phenyl) piperazin-1-yl] methylpyridazin-3-one (PC4) and 5-benzyl 6-methyl 2-[4-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazin-1-yl] methylpyridazin-3-one (PC13), were evaluated using classical psychopharmacological tests in mice. The intraperitoneal LD50 values of PC4 and PC13 were respectively 1125.8 and 429.6 mg kg-1. Only at intraperitoneal doses of 100 mg kg-1 did PC4 or PC13 significantly decrease locomotor activity. Both compounds (5-20 mg kg-1, i.p.) reduced the duration of immobility of mice in the forces swimming test, antagonized reserpine (2.5 mg kg-1, i.p.)-induced ptosis, and potentiated reserpine (2.5 mg kg-1, i.p.)-induced hypothermia. PC4 and PC13 (20 mg kg-1, i.p.) partly reversed hypothermia induced by low dose apomorphine (5 mg kg-1, s.c.) but were less effective for higher doses of apomorphine (16 mg kg-1, s.c.). At 200 mg kg-1, intraperitoneal PC13 enhanced the toxic effects of yohimbine (30 mg kg-1, s.c.), while PC4 was inactive. Head twitches produced either by L-5-hydroxytryptophan (4 mg kg-1, i.p.) in mice pretreated with pargyline (100 mg kg-1, i.p.) or by 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (3 mg kg-1, i.p.) were antagonized by both pyridazine derivatives (20 mg kg-1, i.p.). PC4 and PC13 showed analgesic properties in the phenylbenzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test (5.0 < ED50 < 5.5 mg kg-1, i.p.) and in the hot-plate test (10 to 37% of analgesia at 10 mg kg-1, i.p.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Behavioural profile of two potential antidepressant pyridazine derivatives including arylpiperazinyl moieties in their structure, in mice. 760 73

We present a new local anesthetic technique for ophthalmic surgery that reduces the risks associated with retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia. This method uses topical proparacaine plus 1.5 mL of prilocaine (3%) with felypressin injected into the subconjunctival (sub-Tenon's) space. Of 5210 consecutive adult patients in whom the technique was used, all demonstrated adequate analgesia. Sixty-three (1.2%) of the eyes required supplemental analgesia, provided by a single injection of prilocaine (0.5 mL). Ecchymosis and subconjunctival hemorrhage developed in 63 (1.2%) of the eyes. There were no instances of ptosis.
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PMID:Prilocaine: an old anesthetic agent and a new ophthalmic procedure. 823 36

Leaf and bark extracts of Byrsonima crassifolia displayed concentration-dependent, spasmogenic effects on rat fundus in vitro and biphasic effects on rat jejunum and ileum in vitro. Dose-related in vivo effects in intact rats using hippocratic screening were: decrease in motor activity, mild analgesia, back tonus, enophthalmos, reversible palpebral ptosis, ear blanching, Robichaud positive, catalepsy (awake) and strong hypothermia. Rat fundus in vitro was used as the bioassay to carry out an activity-directed separation. Bioactive material was concentrated in a 2% acetic acid leaf extract (HOAcE). Potency of HOAcE was increased by the presence of pargyline in the bathing solution. HOAcE was antagonized noncompetively by 1(1-naphthyl) piperazine (1-NP) and cyproheptadine and antagonized competitively by atropine (ATR). Cumulative concentration-response curves of HOAcE and serotonin (5-HT) did not show significant departure from parallelism (P > 0.1) and 5-HT potency was 6040 times that of HOAcE (95% confidence limits: 4620-7850). Solvent extraction of HOAcE split the spasmogenic activity of HOAcE into two types: (i) high-efficacy, low-potency, n-butanol-extracted, pargyline- and 1-NP-sensitive, ATR-insensitive activity, and (ii) low-efficacy, high-potency, ethyl acetate-extracted, pargyline-insensitive, ATR- and 1-NP-sensitive activity. HOAcE lacked muscarinic and nicotinic effects on rat jejunum and frog rectus abdominis. Results suggest the presence of more than one spasmogenic compound in the plant.
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PMID:Pharmacological and chemical screening of Byrsonima crassifolia, a medicinal tree from Mexico. Part I. 841 47

Some practices and procedures that are common during the management of childbirth lack proof of efficacy, and some have adverse effects. The practice of withholding food and liquids and using intravenous fluids during labor may pose risks such as fluid overload, and maternal and fetal hyperglycemia. Enemas should be reserved for women with painful constipation. Evidence does not support the value of shaving the perineal area. Nonpharmacologic measures to control pain during labor are safe and moderately effective. Pharmacologic methods of analgesia and anesthesia provide good pain relief but pose significant risks. Continuous electronic fetal monitoring should be considered a diagnostic procedure, not a screening procedure. Amniotomy may shorten labor but can result in abnormally high uterine forces, infection, umbilical cord prolapse and fetal laceration. Position changes and alternative birth positions promote greater comfort and efficiency during labor. Finally, episiotomy has not been shown to reduce severe lacerations or prevent pelvic relaxation, and use of this procedure should be limited.
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PMID:The rational management of labor. 811 11

In the period 01.01.93 to 01.02.95 a total number of 40 patients underwent a diagnostic pelvic lymphadenectomy. All patients had bladder carcinoma. Twenty-one had the procedure performed as an open operation and 19 had a laparoscopic approach. The groups were comparable as to age, sex and tumor stage. The median number of harvested lymph nodes was found to be the same in the two groups (median 5 lymph nodes). The percentage of lymph node positive patients was comparable -5 of 21 in the open and 4 of 19 in the laparoscopic group. One patient in the laparoscopy group had to be converted to an open procedure because of peroperative bleeding. In the open group one accidental ureteric lesion occurred. It was repaired intraoperatively. Only few postoperative complications were seen. In the open group two cases of troublesome lymphoceles occurred and one case of wound infection. In the laparoscopy group one patient experienced prolapse of an omental snip through a port incision and one patient had a scrotal haematoma which resolved spontaneously. The need for postoperative analgesia was significantly less in the laparoscopy group. The postoperative hospital stay was 8 days in the open versus 1 day in the laparoscopy group.
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PMID:Pelvic lymphadenectomy (staging) in patients with bladder cancer laparoscopic versus open approach. 857 50

The case of a 63-year-old woman with mitochondrial myopathy with palpebral ptosis and nighttime nasal home oxygen therapy is reported. The patient successfully underwent outpatient vitrectomy with subconjunctival anesthesia, receiving no premedication or sedation during the operation. Subconjunctival analgesia was provided, with prior instillation of an anesthetic collyrium followed by subconjunctival injection of 1 ml of 0.4% bupivacaine and 2% lidocaine. Analgesia during surgery was satisfactory. We review the possibilities of using this technique in patients at high risk of presenting postoperative complications after general anesthesia, and discuss the possible side effects on musculature when peribulbar or retrobulbar anesthesia is provided.
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PMID:[Subconjunctival anesthesia: an alternative for vitrectomy in mitochondrial myopathy]. 924 45


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