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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Regurgitation of blood through the left atrioventricular valve owing to the rupture of one of the chordae tendineae of the valve was diagnosed in a horse with sudden-onset respiratory distress and a holosystolic cardiac murmur. Severe regurgitation was confirmed with Doppler echocardiography and prolapse of part of the valve leaflet was identified with B-mode ultrasonography. The rupture of one of the chordae tendineae of a right accessory cusp of the left atrioventricular valve was confirmed post mortem. Bronchiolitis, multifocal haemorrhages and haemorrhagic fibrous plaques were found in the pleura of the dorsocaudal segments of the lungs.
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PMID:Confirmation by Doppler echocardiography of valvular regurgitation in a horse with a ruptured chorda tendinea of the mitral valve. 226 Feb 52

Among 206 consecutive patients having undergone mitral valve repair with a prosthetic ring between 1972 and 1979 in our institution, the 195 patients (94.5%) who survived the operation were studied to assess the long-term function of this method of repair. Patients' ages ranged from 18 to 79 years (mean age 48.7 years). Mitral valve insufficiency was due to degenerative disease in 113 patients (58%), rheumatic disease in 74 (38%), ischemia and other causes in eight patients (4%). A total of 188 patients (9.7%) were in New York Heart Association class III or IV preoperatively and 94 (48%) had atrial fibrillation. The patients were divided into three functional groups: type I (normal leaflet motion), 35 patients (18%); type II (leaflet prolapse), 147 patients (75%); and type III (restricted leaflet motion), 13 patients (7%). The techniques included prosthetic ring annuloplasty (185 patients), leaflet resection (158 patients), chordal shortening (89 patients), leaflet mobilization (10 patients) and papillary muscle reimplantation (2 patients). Long-term follow-up was available in 189 patients (96.8%), for a rate of 2316 patients per year. The 15-year actuarial and valve-related survival rates were 72.4% and 82.8%, respectively. At 15 years, 93.9% of the patients were free from thromboembolism, 96.6% free from endocarditis, 95.6% free from anticoagulant-related hemorrhage, and 87.38% free from reoperation. Actuarial rate of freedom from reoperation was higher in the group with degenerative disease (92.7%) than in the group with rheumatic disease (76.12%). Among the 157 survivors, 117 (74%) were in New York Heart Association class I and class II and 105 (66%) were in sinus rhythm. Doppler echocardiographic studies showed normal ventricular contractility in 134 patients (84.5%), absence of mitral regurgitation in 112 (74%), trivial regurgitation in 27 (17%), and significant regurgitation in 4 patients (2.5%).
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PMID:Valve repair with Carpentier techniques. The second decade. 235 39

A group of 22 adults with Turner's syndrome, mean age 29.6 years, was subjected to a careful examination by one-dimensional, two-dimensional, pulsed and coloured Doppler echocardiography. The purpose was to assess the incidence and character of congenital and acquired abnormalities of the cardiovascular system which occur within the framework of this defined genetic syndrome. A quite normal echocardiographic finding was recorded in 13 patients, i. e. in 59.1%. In the remainder a wide spectrum of abnormalities was found such as prolapse of the mitral valve (in 13.6%), bicuspid aortal valve with a medium regurgitation (4.5%), hypoplasia of the coronary cusp of the aortal valve (4.5%), dilatation of the ascending aorta with a residual significant stenosis at the site after operation of coarctation of the thoracic aorta (4.5%), subaortal defect of the interventricular septum (4.5%) and slight left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with arterial hypertension (9.1%). Echocardiographic examination in Turner's syndrome makes early diagnosis of abnormalities of the cardiovascular system possible, incl. quantification of the haemodynamic impact. Some of these pathological changes (bicuspid aortal valve, dilatation of the root of the aorta) are for a long time clinically silent but may be nevertheless associated with serious complications. An echographic diagnosis made in time may be of decisive importance for the prevention of complications.
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PMID:[Disorders of the cardiovascular system in Turner's syndrome]. 239 89

To evaluate the progression of idiopathic mitral valve prolapse (MVP), a long time follow-up study (mean 7.1 years) was performed using echocardiography in 27 cases (11 males, 16 females, mean age: 50.4 years). Morphological changes, the degree of prolapse of the mitral valve, left atrial dimension (LAD) and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) were estimated at the first and last examinations. The degree of prolapse was assessed by measuring the distance of the dislocation between the anterior and posterior leaflets at the area of coaptation (degree I:5 mm or less, degree II: 6 to 10 mm, degree III: 11 mm or greater). The results were as follows: 1. The degree of prolapse did not progress in all 27 cases. 2. LAD increased with an advance of age. A remarkable increase of LAD was recorded in cases older than 45 years with atrial fibrillation or prolapse of degree II and III or with ruptured chordae tendineae. 3. The mitral ring was enlarged over 5 mm in six of 15 cases with prolapse of degree II and III. 4. Mitral regurgitation evaluated by Doppler echocardiography in patients with posterior leaflet prolapse was more severe than that in patients with anterior leaflet prolapse in the last examination. 5. LVDd increased gradually. In the present study, LAD was increased in most cases of MVP and it seemed to depend on complications (atrial fibrillation and ruptured chordae tendineae) or severity of regurgitation rather than the degree of prolapse.
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PMID:[Progression of idiopathic mitral valve prolapse estimated by echocardiography]. 239 93

The authors report the case of a neonate who died early of refractory heart failure and presented with all the characteristics of Marfan's syndrome in its early form with articular retractions. There was clinical evidence of mitral, tricuspid and major aortic regurgitation. Two-dimensional and doppler echocardiography confirmed the prolapse of highly dystrophic valves and the quadrivalvar regurgitation. Typical lesions of the connective-elastic tissue were found at autopsy. The occurrence of malignant Marfan's syndrome in neonates seems to be exceptional; the syndrome may take the rare "en contractures" form. Death is not always ascribable to the cardiac pathology, this pathology being often less generalized than in our case which seems to be the first one where such diffuse and massive valval lesions have been observed. This particular form was comparable to the "congenital polyvalvular disease" described by Bahrati and Lev, except that the skeletal and visceral abnormalities of Marfan's syndrome are absent in that disease.
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PMID:[Malignant quadrivalvular dysplasia of Marfan syndrome in a neonate]. 250 Jan 5

68 cases with 76 left ventriculographies, including rheumatic mitral valvular disease, congestive and hypertrophic types of cardiomyopathy, endocardial cushion defect, atrial and ventricular septal defects, coronary heart disease and mitral valve prolapse were analyzed with respect to the morphological and functional changes of the mitral valve and its appendages. Dynamic study with cineradiographic technic was the chief method used in this investigation. Except for ventricular septal defect, all the above-mentioned disease entities showed one or several of the changes of the mitral valvular apparatus including stenosis, insufficiency, displacement, cleft, deformity, prolapse and functional disorder. Regurgitation associated with mitral insufficiency exhibiting specific manifestations in different conditions was analyzed and its method of grading discussed. Mitral valve prolapse with its suggested method grading and functional disorder of the mitral valve were also discussed in detail.
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PMID:[Angiographic diagnosis of lesions of the mitral valve and its appendages]. 252 46

Thirty-three consecutive patients with mitral valve prolapse with a systolic murmur were evaluated using pulsed doppler echocardiography to quantify the severity of mitral regurgitation. There were thirteen (39%) patients with mild regurgitation, twelve patients (36%) with moderate regurgitation and eight patients (24%) with severe regurgitation. It was noticed that, all the patients with severe regurgitation had posterior leaflet prolapse. In contrast, patients with anterior leaflet prolapse had either mild or moderate regurgitation only. Our results suggest that the degree of mitral regurgitation differs depending on the leaflet that shows the prolapse, which may be of importance in the followup of patients with mitral valve prolapse.
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PMID:Severity of mitral regurgitation in mitral valve prolapse syndrome. A Doppler echocardiographic study. 263 31

Mitral prosthetic valve regurgitation due to stent fracture with consequent cusp prolapse occurred in two patients with a Wessex porcine bioprosthesis.
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PMID:Mitral prosthetic valve regurgitation due to stent fracture of a porcine bioprosthesis. 270 58

We have used cross-sectional real time color-coded Doppler echocardiography to characterize the patterns of the regurgitant jet seen in mitral valvar disease of different etiologies. We studied 118 patients with mitral regurgitation due to rheumatic valve disease (n = 26), hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (n = 22), dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 35) and prolapse of the leaflets of the mitral valve (n = 35). We analyzed the origin, spatial distribution, extent and duration of the regurgitant jet. A semiquantitative grading system was used to evaluate the extent of the jet by measuring its maximal area and the duration of regurgitant flow. Typical flow patterns could be observed in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, (in which the crescent shaped jet was elongated in midsystole and directed posteriorly) in dilated cardiomyopathy (in which oval shaped jets were observed throughout systole) and in prolapse of the leaflets (in which early or late systolic regurgitant jets occurred with an eccentric "drop-like" pattern, being directed posteriorly in patients with a prolapse of the aortic leaflet and anteriorly in those with a prolapse of the mural leaflet of the valve). A large variety of patterns was found in rheumatic disease due to the individual deformation of the leaflets. A comparison of the measured area of the jet revealed no significant differences between regurgitation caused by rheumatic valve disease and dilated cardiomyopathy. The regurgitation in 80% of these patients was of moderate to severe degree. In contrast, regurgitation due to prolapse of the leaflets or hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy appeared to be of mild to moderate degree in 90% of cases.
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PMID:Flow patterns of mitral regurgitation due to different etiologies: analysis by color-coded Doppler echocardiography. 272 90

The purpose of this paper is to check the usefulness of dynamic phonocardiography for mitral valve prolapse (MVP) diagnosis, especially in apparently silent cases, or with late-systolic click. In fact, possible MVP or mitral valve regurgitation can be shown. 148 patients (58 males, 90 females) have been examined by basal and dynamic phonocardiography and M-echocardiography. Patients were recruited for routine medical examination or during investigations for other causes or to explain evocative MVP troubles. Provocative tests by amyl nitrite, isoproterenol and methoxamine registered a late-systolic click in 17 normal cases and a late-systolic murmur in 22. M-echo demonstrated MVP in 142 cases (96%), with a slight prevalence of late-systolic MVP; tricuspid valve prolapse coexisted in 8 cases and aortic regurgitation in 12. Today echocardiography is the most important examination, but all our data point to the usefulness of dynamic phonocardiography for MVP diagnosis: in our opinion, the integration of both techniques represents the most correct approach.
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PMID:[Dynamic phonocardiography in the study of mitral valve prolapse. Our experience]. 277 Oct 86


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