Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of Matricaria chamomilla (M. chamomilla) on the development of morphine dependence and expression of abstinence was investigated in rats. The frequencies of withdrawal behavioral signs (paw tremor, rearing, teeth chattering, body shakes, ptosis, diarrhea, and urination) and weight loss induced by naloxone challenge were demonstrated in morphine-dependent rats receiving M. chamomilla extract or saline. The withdrawal behavioral manifestations and weight loss were inhibited significantly by chronic co-administration of M. chamomilla extract with morphine. Administration of a single dose of M. chamomilla before the naloxone challenge in morphine-dependent animals abolished the withdrawal behavioral manifestations. The dramatic increase of plasma cAMP induced by naloxone-precipitated abstinence was prevented by chronic co-administration of M. chamomilla extract with morphine. These results suggest that M. chamomilla extract inhibits the development of morphine dependence and expression of abstinence syndrome.
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PMID:Matricaria chamomilla extract inhibits both development of morphine dependence and expression of abstinence syndrome in rats. 1283 55

Prolapse of rectum usually occurs in the children with insufficient qi and blood, in the elders with declined qi and blood or deficiency of qi in the middle jiao (burner), in the women who made qi exhausted during labor resulting in deficiency of qi and blood, and in those with chronic diarrhea, habitual constipation and long-standing cough. All these may cause sinking of qi in middle jiao and induce the disorder. Therefore in treating the disorder, the primary causes should also be treated simultaneously.
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PMID:Treatment of prolapse of rectum with acupuncture combined with TCM drugs in 38 cases. 1287 74

We report a patient who developed persistent and severe diarrhea in the course of high-dose corticosteroid therapy for myasthenia gravis (MG). The patient, a 37-year-old woman, developed diplopia, ptosis, and muscle weakness with fatigability. She was admitted to our hospital and was diagnosed as having MG. Five months after thymectomy and oral corticosteroid administration, she developed abdominal pain and severe diarrhea. Abdominal X-ray, showed extensive pericolic gas accumulation surrounding the ascending and transverse colon. She was diagnosed as having pneumatosis intestinalis (PI). Hyperbaric therapy was not effective. Symptoms began to improve gradually when the dose of prednisolone was reduced. PI is a rare condition characterized by gas-filled cysts or linear gas in the bowel wall caused by a variety of disorders and drugs such as necrotizing colitis, obstructive pulmonary diseases, and immunosuppressants. In the present case, PI appeared to be induced by corticosteroid therapy. To our knowledge, MG complicated by PI is unusual, but this rare case highlights the importance of taking it into consideration during steroid therapy for MG.
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PMID:[Pneumatosis intestinalis in a patient of myasthenia gravis treated with high-dose corticosteroid]. 1293 35

The effects of the beta-carbolines, harman and harmine, on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats were investigated. Two morphine pellets containing 75 mg morphine base were implanted subcutaneously in the scapular area of adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g) under light ether anesthesia. Rats were then assigned to several groups (n = 12 for each group). Seventy-two hours after morphine implantation, harman (5 and 10 mg/kg), harmine (5 and 10 mg/kg) or saline was injected to rats intraperitoneally (ip). After 45 min, a morphine withdrawal syndrome was precipitated by naloxone (2 mg/kg, ip), and morphine withdrawal signs were observed and evaluated for 15 min. Harmine (5 and 10 mg/kg) attenuated significantly the intensity of all signs of morphine withdrawal except for jumping. While jumping behaviour appearing in morphine withdrawal was intensified by harman (5 and 10 mg/kg) treatment, harmine administration did not produce any significant change in the intensity of this sign. Harman attenuated significantly the intensity of wet dog shakes, writhing, defecation, tremor and ptosis. However, it produced no significant changes in the intensity of teeth chattering and diarrhea. Our results suggest that harman and harmine, beta-carbolines, have some beneficial effects on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats. Findings from the present study also indicated that harmine was more effective than harman on morphine abstinence syndrome.
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PMID:Effects of harman and harmine on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats. 1294 38

Diarrhea and constipation are known risk factors for fecal incontinence. This report reviews how to diagnose and medically treat patients with chronic diarrhea, chronic constipation with overflow incontinence, and incontinence resulting from rectal mucosal prolapse secondary to hemorrhoids. Antidiarrheal agents (including loperamide, diphenoxylate, and difenoxin) and the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline improve continence in patients with diarrhea-associated incontinence. Other antidiarrheal agents are under investigation. The mechanism is believed to be decreased intestinal motility and stool frequency resulting in more formed stools. Increases in anal canal resting pressure may also contribute to improvement in continence. Adverse effects are constipation from excessive use. In addition to antidiarrheal drugs, fiber supplements may improve incontinence associated with diarrhea. Transient, benign cases of constipation usually respond to increasing fluid intake and dietary fiber, improving mobility, or eliminating the concurrent use of constipating drugs. For mild to moderate constipation, bulking agents, laxatives, and stool softeners are used cautiously so as not to excessively loosen stools and exacerbate anal incontinence. Laxatives have been shown to improve continence, possibly through the mechanism of eliminating fecal impaction. Prolapsing hemorrhoids may partially obstruct defecation and cause soilage from the passage of fecal material, mucus, or blood. With endoscopic banding, a ligator is attached to an endoscope and a tight band is placed around the enlarged vein, causing the hemorrhoid to thrombose.
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PMID:Medical management of fecal incontinence. 1497 39

Cap polyposis is a disorder characterized by bloody diarrhea with rectosigmoid polyps covered by a cap of fibropurulent exudate. The pathogenesis is unknown, but histological features suggest that mucosal prolapse may play a role. Drug therapies are usually unsuccessful, and treatment requires sigmoid resection or, if the disease recurs after initial surgical resection, panproctocolectomy. We report the case of a 36-year-old woman with characteristic clinical, endoscopic, and histological features of cap polyposis. Investigations included normal anorectal manometry and defecography, without evidence of prolapse. The patient's disease was unresponsive to treatment with mesalamine, antibiotics, lidocaine enemas, and corticosteroids. One infusion of infliximab 5 mg/kg provided dramatic symptomatic improvement but minimal endoscopic or histological change. After 4 infliximab infusions at 8-week intervals, endoscopy of the rectum and sigmoid colon was normal, and biopsies showed complete histological resolution of the inflammatory process. Well-being with normal endoscopy and histology has been maintained at 38 months, without further treatment. It was concluded that infliximab is effective therapy for cap polyposis and avoids the requirement for surgery. No clinical evidence was obtained to support mucosal prolapse as a causative factor, but the response to infliximab suggests a role for tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
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PMID:Successful treatment of cap polyposis with infliximab. 1518 81

The only venomous reptile that naturally occurs in Poland is the adder or common viper (Vipera berus). Its bites are not of great epidemiological importance, but in some cases serious life-threatening symptoms may appear. The most common symptoms of adder envenomation are: local edema, reddening and pain of the bitten site and also the general symptoms coming from the alimentary tract (vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain), the circulatory system (hypotension, shock, ECG abnormalities), the central nervous system (sleepiness, vertigo, disorientation, loss of consciousness), hematological symptoms (leukocytosis, hemolysis, coagulopathy) and allergic symptoms (fever, urticaria, angio-oedema). In the present study we described the case of a twenty-year-old patient hospitalized at the Toxicology Department of the Collegium Medicum UJ after a viper bite. Except for some above-mentioned symptoms he also developed ocular symptoms like ptosis and blurred vision. Such symptoms after the common viper bite have not been described in the literature till now. The cause of them seems to be an intense allergic reaction in the region of the orbit and eyelids all the more so because the patient had the positive allergy history. However, taking into account the latest reports from the literature, a neurotoxic action of some components of the Vipera berus venom may also play a role. Because of the developing general symptoms a specific equine antivenom was administered to the patient, apart from the supportive care, without any serious side effects that usually are observed after the use of such a kind of sera. It is thought that the sheep antivenom is better than the equine one considering a lack of allergic side effects. As a result of applied treatment the local and general symptoms including ocular symptoms subsided.
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PMID:[Envenoming by common viper (Vipera berus)--subject still exists...]. 1552 21

Numerous studies indicate that opioid tolerance involves a disruption in Ca2+ homeostasis. In vivo studies have indicated the involvement of dihydropyridine-sensitive (L-type) voltage-gated channels in morphine abuse. In this study, the effect of multiple administration of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker nifedipine (5 mg/kg/twice daily), given in combination with morphine, on the signs of morphine withdrawal and some biochemical parameters were assessed. Multiple morphine administration in increasing doses (from 5 to 40 mg/kg for 7 days) and consequent withdrawal after 18 h, induced writhing, squealing, diarrhea, teeth chattering, eyelid ptosis and wet-dog type shaking. Coadministration of nifedipine prevented the squealing, diarrhea and teeth chattering. On a biochemical level, the activity of brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the quantity of cytochrome P450 in rat brain and liver were measured. Nifedipine treatment decreased the brain nNOS activity, induced by multiple administration of morphine. The quantity of liver cytochrome P450, after multiple coadministration of morphine and nifedipine, was also increased. The quantity of brain cytochrome P450 was not significantly changed by morphine and nifedipine alone or in combination. The results of our study suggest that nifedipine influences the effects of morphine both at a pharmacokinetic and a pharmacodynamic level.
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PMID:Effects of nifedipine on behavioral and biochemical parameters in rats after multiple morphine administration. 1560 24

The torsion of spleen on its vascular shank represents an uncommon problem, responsible of acute and chronic pain. The mobile spleen is fixed only through hilus vessels the gastrosplenic ligament. The incidence is unknow, greater in the male with an M:F ratio 6.1 in the first ten years of life, even if an episode of intrauterine torsion has been reported. The diagnosis can be performed with ultrasonography, angiography, scintigraphy and CT scan. There are reported two cases: male of 2.5 years female of 14 years who presented with recurrent pain to the left side, vomit diarrhoea and fever. Objectively a palpable mass was present. Ultrasonography and angio-CT scan of abdomen revealed splenomegaly, ptosis of the spleen and malrotation with signs of obstruction of the vessels. The treatment in both cases was splenectomy. The spleen appeared rotated on its shank and increased of volume, deprived of anatomical structures of fixation. The histological report confirmed the haemorrhagic infarction. The excessive mobility of the spleen, from insufficiency or absence of the ligamentous attachments is case of abdominal pain or acute abdomen, that can complicate with the infarction of the spleen. Angio-CT scan, in the cases here reported, has shown to greater sensibility in comparison to the ultrasonography. The Authors believe that the video-laparoscopic splenopexy, when the diagnosis is made of "wandering spleen" with painful repeated episodes, can be finalized, to the preservation of organ.
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PMID:[Uncommon etiology of acute abdomen in pediatric age: the torsion of spleen]. 1584 92

Although scopolamine is currently used to treat morphine addiction in humans, its extensive actions on behaviors have not been systematically analyzed yet, and the underlying mechanisms of its effects still remain ambiguous. The present study was carried out to clarify the possible mechanisms by evaluating the effects of scopolamine pretreatment and treatment on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs and some of other general behaviors in morphine dependent rats. Our results showed that scopolamine pretreatment and treatment attenuated naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs including jumping, writhing posture, weight loss, genital grooming, teeth-chattering, ptosis, diarrhea and irritability, except for wet dog shakes, while general behaviors such as water intake, urine volume and morphine excretion in urine were increased. Our findings suggest that scopolamine has significant actions in the treatment of opiate addiction, which might result from increasing morphine excretion from urine.
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PMID:Ethological analysis of scopolamine treatment or pretreatment in morphine dependent rats. 1669 91


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