Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm is diagnosed during the acute stage in only 50% of the cases. The reasons for this failure are that in many of these cases clinical symptoms of damage to abdominal organs or of injuries to the limbs predominate. Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm is usually the result of an indirect trauma. Clinical signs of extensive prolapse of viscera into the thoracic cavity are: dyspnoea, tachycardia, cyanosis or intestinal sounds heard over the thorax during auscultation. Once the diagnosis has been established surgical repair should follow. During the acute stage laparotomy is preferable; thoracotomy is indicated during the chronic stage. Post-operative symptoms are: dyspnoea during exercise, pain in the affected half of the chest and roentgeno-kymographically demonstrable restrictions of movement in the ruptured side of the diaphragm.
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PMID:[Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm (author's transl)]. 46 30

Clinical follow up and complete neuropathological examination was made on seven cases of multicystic encephalomalacia of infancy. Etiological factors were carefully studied in all the cases. They consisted of prenatal injuries presenting as a cord prolapse, in 3 cases; prolonged labour with marked cyanosis; abdominal trauma during gestation, and various maternal infections at different stages of pregnancy. Pathological interest is centred on the variable involvement of different areas of the brain, generally sparing the cerebellum and brain stem, and being minimal or absent in the occipito-temporal areas. This distribution may be explained by a different effect of the "causal agency" on these different areas, or by a different capacity of these regions to react against injury. Among the etiological factors reviewed in the literature, the anoxic theory appears the most probable, as there was a close parallelism between lesions and vascular areas, mainly the carotid and vertebro-basilar systems.
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PMID:Multicystic encephalomalacia of infancy: clinico-pathological report of 7 cases. 71 82

Myasthenia gravis is a disease characterized by muscular weakness and fatigability which afflicts 2-10 patients per 100,000 with 20% of cases presenting in childhood. Muscles innervated by cranial nerves are frequently involved with ptosis and diplopia being the most frequent presenting complaints. We review the literature and report a case of a 20-month-old infant presenting with inspiratory stridor and cyanosis, resembling foreign body aspiration.
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PMID:Juvenile myasthenia gravis: an unusual presentation. 221 Sep 54

Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) was found to have many pharmacological properties in common with the antipsychotic drugs chlorpromazine and reserpine. Thus, in mice CPA at ip doses of 5-14 mg/kg body weight produced hypokinesia, hypothermia, catalepsy, ptosis, sedation without loss of righting reflex, tremor, gait disturbance, dyspnoea, opisthotonus, atypical convulsion and prolonged barbiturate-induced sleep. The ip LD50 of CPA was found to be 13 +/- 0.05 mg/kg. The tremors induced by near-lethal doses of CPA were associated with voluntary or forced movements (action tremors); they worsened during the days following treatment, but they were weak compared with the exhausting and continuous tremors of the whole body caused by 20 mg tremorine/kg (used for comparison). When death occurred only 24-259 min after administration of CPA (11-14 mg/kg), it was preceded by dypsnoea, cyanosis, opisthotonus and clonic leg movements and tonic extension of hind legs (convulsions). When death was delayed (2-6 days after CPA administration), it was preceded by prostration, ptosis, hypothermia, tremor and cessation of food and water intake resulting in cachexia; convulsions were not seen in this group of mice. CPA did not affect the rate of convulsion or death caused by either maximal electroshock or metrazol administration but it did delay the onset of metrazol-induced seizures. In rabbits, 10 mg CPA/kg body weight initially produced tachycardia, tachypnoea and sedation with an activated electroencephalogram. Of three rabbits given 10 mg CPA/kg one died, and in this rabbit slow delta waves were seen just before and during a brief period with clonic leg movements. In this animal death was accompanied by tonic extension of the hind legs, respiratory arrest and cardiac fibrillation; and epileptiform EEG was not seen at any time. The unexpected EEG activation with sedation in rabbits treated with CPA was similar to the effect of reserpine on EEG.
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PMID:Toxicity and neuropharmacology of cyclopiazonic acid. 404 83

In six patients with clinically unsuspected right atrial thromboemboli the diagnosis was made with two-dimensional echocardiography. Five patients had pulmonary emboli, and one had systemic embolization. Three patients had congestive cardiomyopathy, two with tricuspid regurgitation; of the remaining three, one had cor pulmonale complicated by tricuspid regurgitation, one had thrombophlebitis and one had no discernible cardiac illness. Four patients had dizziness or syncope, four had dyspnea, three had chest pain, three had hypotension and tow had cyanosis. Five patients were treated with thrombolytic or anticoagulant therapy, or a combination of the two. In three patients, surgical removal of the thrombus was undertaken because of recurrent pulmonary emboli or tricuspid regurgitation, or both, and progressive right heart failure. The thromboemboli were removed in all three, but one patient died. On two-dimensional echocardiography, four of the six patients' thromboemboli were snake-like, unattached to the right atrium and prolapsed freely across the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle in diastole and back into the right atrium in systole. The other two patients' thromboemboli were attached to the right atrium and did not prolapse across the tricuspid valve. Our cases, together with a review of other reports, suggest that right atrial thromboemboli: 1) can be accurately diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography; and 2) result from two different pathophysiologic mechanisms developing a) in situ, either on a foreign body or secondary to reduced cardiac output, or b) as a result of an embolus from systemic vein thromboses.
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PMID:Right atrial thromboemboli: clinical, echocardiographic and pathophysiologic manifestations. 649 Oct 71

A single dose toxicity of calcipotriol (MC903), an anti-psoriasic agent, administered subcutaneously (s.c.) and percutaneously (p.c.) was studied in Slc:SD rats (s.c. and p.c.) and beagle dogs (s.c.). The LD50 values of MC903 were as follows: rats, 2.19 mg/kg in males and 2.51 mg/kg in females by s.c., and more than 15 mg/kg in both sexes by p.c.; dogs, more than 1.5 mg/kg in males by p.c. No sexual difference was noted in LD50 values of rats. Death of rats was observed from 1 to 3 days after administration by both routes. Dead animals showed decreases in body weight and locomotor activity, reddish tear, abnormal gait and dirty hair by both routes. Furthermore, dead animals administered by s.c. showed salivation, nasal discharge, piloerection, ptosis, diarrhea, urorrhea, nasal and vaginal bleeding, subnormal temperature, loose stool, cyanosis, irregular and deep respirations, clonic and tonic convulsions. Survival of rats showed similar signs to those of dead animals except for nasal discharge, nasal and vaginal bleeding, cyanosis, agonal respiration and convulsion. Discoloration of the kidney, white patch of the heart and a dilatation of the stomach wall were observed on macroscopic examinations. No mortalities were observed in dogs which showed vomiting, conjunctival congestion, circumoral and auricular reddenings, periblepharal purplish reddening, decreases in locomotor activity and defecation, emaciation, eye discharge, skin desquamation of treated area and an increase in respiration. On macroscopic examination, desquamation of the skin, reddening of the circumoral mucosa, pale gray yellow striations in renal tubules of the cortex and discoloration of the thyroid were observed. Histopathological findings revealed epidermal thickening with parakeratosis, fibrocytes, hypertrophy and hypersecretion of the sebaceous and sweat glands, formation of epitheloid glanulomas and infiltration of neutrophils in the subcutaneous tissues. Furthermore, moderate calcium deposits in the renal tubules, fatty cells and slight calcium deposits in interstitial tissues of the thyroid, and a cystic nest of an ectopic intestinal epithelium between muscle layers of the duodenum were observed at the highest dose. On the basis of results obtained in the present study, rats administered MC903 by s.c. or p.c. died probably due to the circulatory and renal disturbance resulted from effects of this drug on the heart and kidney.
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PMID:[Single dose toxicity studies of calcipotriol (MC903) in rats and dogs]. 874 15

The purpose of this study was to determine the most discriminating clinical and echocardiographic features that are most helpful in correctly identifying Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve from other causes of tricuspid regurgitation. Ebstein's anomaly is an uncommon malformation of the tricuspid valve with diagnostic echocardiographic features. Other cardiac disorders associated with tricuspid valve regurgitation and predominate right-sided heart chamber enlargement can be misdiagnosed as Ebstein's anomaly. All patients who were referred to our institution between 1982 and 1995 with the diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly but were found to have other abnormalities of the tricuspid value or right ventricle were identified. Their clinical, echocardiographic, and surgical records were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty-two patients (12 males and 10 females), aged 7 to 68 years (mean 33 years), were referred to our institution with the diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly but were found to have another abnormality that mimicked clinical and diagnostic features of Ebstein's anomaly. The most common initial symptom was exercise intolerance (13 [59%] patients) followed by atrial arrhythmia (seven [32%] patients). Two patients had cyanosis. Three patients had paroxysmal and six had chronic atrial fibrillation/flutter. Cardiomegaly on chest x-ray film was noted in 18 (82%) patients. Referral diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly had been made by echocardiography (12 patients), cardiac catheterization (four patients), both techniques (five patients), and echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (one patient). All 22 patients had predominate right atrial and right ventricular enlargement, and 18 (82%) of 22 patients also had right ventricular dysfunction. However, Ebstein's anomaly was confidently ruled out with repeat comprehensive echocardiography at our institution by establishing (1) absence of significant apical displacement of the septal tricuspid valve leaflet (> or = 8 mm/m2) and (2) lack of a redundant, elongated, anterior tricuspid valve leaflet in all 22 patients (100%). All had significant tricuspid regurgitation caused by tricuspid valve dysplasia (nine patients), tricuspid valve prolapse (four patients), trauma (four patients), right ventricular dysplasia (three patients), endocarditis (one patient), and annular dilation caused by free pulmonary regurgitation (one patient). In all 15 patients who subsequently underwent surgery (tricuspid valve repair [seven patients] or replacement [eight patients]), the absence of Ebstein's anomaly was confirmed. Echocardiographic absence of the characteristic degree of displacement of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve (> or = 8 mm/m2) and the presence of a nonelongated, nonredundant anterior tricuspid valve leaflet consistently excluded the diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly. Under such circumstances, other anomalies of the tricuspid valve or right ventricle were consistently identified. Recognition of the mimics of Ebstein's anomaly had important surgical implications.
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PMID:Mimics of Ebstein's anomaly. 932 9

The outcome of 75 consecutive bilateral breast reduction procedures on 73 patients (65 inferior pedicle and 9 superior pedicle with inverted-T closure, and 1 ultrasonic-assisted lipoplasty) is evaluated. Fifty-six surveys at an average follow-up of 35 months, 36 standardized examinations at an average follow-up of 31 months, 52 paired preoperative/postoperative photographs, and 73 chart reviews comprise the data. Mean age at surgery was 32 years. Of the patients surveyed, there were 51 whites, 18 blacks, and 4 other races. The majority of survey respondents reported improvement in breast appearance (93%), self-esteem (85%), posture (84%), and activity level (77%). The percentage of patients free of back pain rose from 9% preoperatively to 59% postoperatively. Some decrease in nipple sensitivity was noted by survey in 34 nipple-areolar complexes (31%), and clinical examination detected decreased sensitivity in 16% of nipples. Thirty-one percent of patients reported improvement in their intimate relationship postoperatively and 65% reported no change. Ninety-five percent felt they had made the right decision in having breast reduction surgery. Physical examination revealed excellent maintenance of shape and impressive fading of surgical scars over the years in the majority of patients. The postoperative aesthetic result depends on several important preoperative factors, including skin tone, breast shape, and degree of ptosis. Adverse sequelae included infection (1.3%), nipple cyanosis (1.3%) but no nipple-areolar necrosis, and wound dehiscence (4.0%) but no skin flap necrosis. Late complications included underresection requiring reoperation (4.0%), fat necrosis (2.7%), hypertrophic scars (6.7%), and pseudoptosis (12.0%). Breast reduction surgery results in a good outcome for most patients, with high patient satisfaction. Patients are accepting of the large T-pattern scar that fades surprisingly well with time in exchange for symptomatic relief and substantial improvement in breast size and shape.
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PMID:Breast reduction outcome study. 1112 72

Prolapse of vagina is one of the important maternal abnormalities during pregnancy in cattle and buffaloes. A field investigation was carried out on 26 Murrah graded buffaloes to study clinical characteristics of vaginal prolapse in buffaloes in Nepal. Fifty-seven percent of the 26 buffaloes with vaginal prolapse were either heifers or in first lactation. Sixty-five percent of the cases were in seventh month of pregnancy or later. About three quarters of the cases occurred between June and October. Twelve cases (63%) of the 19 animals excluding 7 heifers had a history of vaginal prolapse in previous gestations. A half of the buffaloes were showing prolapse of the vagina even when they were in standing position and showing moderate or vigorous straining. After the conventional treatments, twenty-three buffaloes retained the replaced vagina and calved normally. One animal aborted although the vagina was retained. Two buffaloes had severest degree of vaginal prolapse complicated with edema, injury and cyanosis, and they did not respond to the treatment. The two buffaloes had frequently recurrent prolapse and subsequently died. Early detection and prompt treatment may be imperative to control the vaginal prolapse in buffaloes.
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PMID:Some characteristics of vaginal prolapse in Nepali buffaloes. 1466 51

A 19-year-old man presented with sudden onset of right eye ptosis, diplopia and giddiness. He had no previous medical illnesses with negative history of exertional dyspnoea, epistaxis, haemoptysis, palpitations, chest pain and chronic cough. Examination revealed central cyanosis, digital clubbing, polycythaemia, partial ptosis of right eye, diplopia on right gaze and dilated right pupil. Examination of the chest revealed pectus excavatum but no cardiac murmurs were heard. Investigations revealed a solitary right pulmonary arteriovenous malformation with two feeder vessels which were successfully embolized surgically.
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PMID:The blue man who presented with a stroke. 2560 17


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