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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A comparison of several methods for developing physical dependence to morphine was made. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with morphine-admixed food (drug-admixed food, DAF; 0.5 and 1 mg/g food), morphine slow release emulsion (SRE; 75, 100 and 150 mg/kg) and morphine (75 mg) pellets. In the SRE and pellet methods, the typical signs of morphine toxicity, such as catatonia, exophthalmos and shallow respiratory movements, were observed 15-20 min after the treatment and these signs were maintained for 14-18 hr. In rats treated with SRE and pellets, plasma morphine levels reached a maximum 1 day after the morphine treatment, and subsequently decreased, while plasma morphine levels in rats treated with DAF increased treatment period-dependently. Withdrawal signs precipitated by naloxone (3 mg/kg, sc) in rats treated with DAF, SRE and pellets were characterized by loss of body weight, shaking, vocalization, diarrhea, ptosis, tooth-chattering, nose bleed, salivation and lacrimation. Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs reached a maximum 1-2 days after treatment with SRE and pellets, and were correlated with the duration of DAF treatment. Rats treated with DAF, SRE (150 and 225 mg/kg) and pellets for 3 days, manifested loss of body weight, diarrhea etc. after the morphine withdrawal. Maximum body weight loss in each group was 7-10% at 1-2 days after the morphine withdrawal. It was thus, concluded that physical dependence on morphine can be induced rapidly by these three methods. However, the SRE and pellet methods induced morphine toxicity and it was difficult to maintain physical dependence on morphine in these rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Comparison of three methods of inducing physical dependence to morphine in rats using short-term medication]. 654 77

Acute toxicity and general pharmacological activities of the crude hydro-alcoholic rhizome extract of Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb., a popular medicine used in Paraguay, were investigated on mice. The intraperitoneal LD50 was found to be 575 mg/kg. Oral administration of doses up to 3.0 g/kg did not provoke any toxic symptoms. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg of the extract induced a significant increase in gastrointestinal transit. In open field studies, a decrease of spontaneous locomotor activity, piloerection, passivity, palpebral ptosis, catatonia and a stereotyped behaviour was produced by the extract when administered orally (1, 10 and 100 mg/kg). A significant decrease in respiration rate was observed (1, 10 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) using a continuous flow respiration system. Lastly, doses of 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg, p.o. of the extract produced a significant increase in the hypnotic effect induced by pentobarbital in a dose-dependent manner. The latest effects could probably explain its rational use in traditional medicine to alleviate stress or as a sedative agent.
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PMID:Acute toxicity and general pharmacological effect on central nervous system of the crude rhizome extract of Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. 1047 72

Depression is a psychiatric condition in which there is loss of interest in all pleasurable outlets, viz. food, sex, work, friends, hobbies and entertainment. The prevalence rate of the disease is 6-8% in women and 3-5% in men. Ayurveda, the science of life, provides systematic management principles for depression. Mamsyadi Kwatha is one such formulation stated by Yadavji Trikamji Acharya in Siddha Yoga Sangraha and Bheshaja Samhita, which is said to be effective in psychiatric conditions. The ingredients are Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi), Ashwagandh (Withania somnifera) and Parasika Yavani (Hyocymus niger) in an 8:4:1 ratio, respectively. The test drug was subjected for antidepressant activity in experimental models. The models selected for anti depressant activity were behavioral despair test, anti-reserpine test and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) test in albino mice. The test formulation showed significant inhibition of behavioural despair (P < 0.05), weak to moderate anti-reserpine activity - ptosis (P < 0.001), catatonia (P < 0.01), sedation (P < 0.01) and moderate effect in CFS test (P < 0.050). These effects clearly show that Mamsyadi Kwatha has an anti-depressant activity.
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PMID:Anti depressant activity of Mamsyadi Kwatha: An Ayurvedic compound formulation. 2404 16