Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-eight patients with mild or moderate cases of benign essential blepharospasm were treated with botulinum toxin Type A. Average follow-up was six months. The injection technique used on these patients is illustrated. The treatment was effective in virtually all patients treated, although transient; the mean interval of relief of spasm was approximately two and one-half months. Potential side effects include ptosis and epiphora. Botulinum toxin as an initial treatment or as an adjunct in postsurgical residual blepharospasm shows promise in this preliminary study.
 ...
PMID:The use of botulinum toxin in the medical management of benign essential blepharospasm. 395 6

Thirty-nine patients with blepharospasm were treated with injections of botulinum A toxin into the lid and brow. The maximum number of injections in one patient was 16 over a period of 24 months. A reduction of abnormal movement occurred in all patients, lasting up to 170 days. Both the amount and the duration of effect were dose dependent. Reinjection for recurrence had effects similar to the original injection. Tearing, dry-eye symptoms, or transient ptosis occurred in 20% of injections, especially in patients who had had previous eyelid surgery.
 ...
PMID:Botulinum A toxin injection as a treatment for blepharospasm. 397 5

A patient who presented with posttraumatic ptosis of the right upper eyelid proved to be a case of unilateral blepharospasm with facial palsy of the forehead. He was successfully treated with selective facial neurectomy.
 ...
PMID:Posttraumatic unilateral blepharospasm treated by selective facial neurectomy. 401 62

Purified botulinum A exotoxin was used to treat 9 adults with strabismus, 22 adults with incapacitating essential blepharospasm and 1 adult with "senile" spastic lower-eyelid entropion. Eight of the strabismus patients received one injection each into one horizontal extraocular muscle under electromyographic control in the outpatient clinic; the ninth patient received two injections. One week after the injection there was an 81% change on average in the angle of deviation. In the three patients followed up for 4 to 9 months the average change was 66%. For the patients with blepharospasm the toxin was injected into the orbicularis oculi. Relief of spasm lasted an average of 12 weeks after the first treatment and 15 weeks after the second. In the patient with spastic entropion the symptoms resolved with repeated injection of the lower-lid orbicularis. In all three groups the injections were well tolerated. The main complication was transient ptosis, which occurred in about 30% of the first two groups.
 ...
PMID:Ophthalmologic use of botulinum A exotoxin. 405 62

Following several years of experience with a newly designed spectacle-supported ptosis crutch for ptosis and blepharospasm, the author has developed a new approach to these conditions. In mild to moderate blepharospasm cases, the spectacle-supported prosthesis can still produce satisfactory results. However, in moderate to severe blepharospasm, the force of the spasm moves the entire device forward and downward, making it ineffective or too uncomfortable to wear. To create greater stability and a more effective counterforce to the blepharospasm, the author has developed a simple headband-supported device which does not use a spectacle frame for support. This new prosthesis is constructed of varying diameters of spring tempered diamond drawn stainless steel orthodontic wire, partially or completely covered by Teflon tubing. A silicon rubber cylinder is placed over the center which becomes a bridge and the main support for the device. An elastic head band completes the prosthesis.
 ...
PMID:Prosthesis for blepharospasm. 665 90

Blepharoptosis and blepharospasm are ocular phenomena, which cause severe functional and cosmetic problems. Both conditions respond poorly to medical and surgical correction, although surgery does provide a moderate degree of success in ptosis cases. Ptosis prostheses (crutches) have been utilized for years with only limited degrees of success. It is the author's opinion that this has been due to a lack of scientific approach to the design and limitations of the materials available for the device. To eliminate these problems, we devised and organized an approach to the design of the prosthetic device and utilized new materials with advantageous characteristics for the crutch. The results have been remarkable from a cosmetic and functional aspect and have produced an improvement in a condition considered beyond the pale of relief or treatment.
 ...
PMID:Prosthesis for blepharoptosis and blepharospasm. 713 Jun 8

Essential blepharospasm is an idiopathic, progressively debilitating disease leading to blindness. Years of forceful spasms result in brow ptosis, dermatochalasis, and, frequently, levator aponeurosis and lateral canthal tendon defects. Following standard neurectomy procedures, the facies droop, brow ptosis and dermatochalasis worsen, and ptosis and canthal tendon laxity suddenly become more evident. We describe a procedure involving meticulous extirpation of all accessible orbicularis oculi, procerus, corrugator superciliaris, and facial nerves in postorbicular fascia. This extirpation of eyelid protractors is combined with browplasty with fixation to frontalis and reinforcement of the levator aponeurosis to strengthen the retractors. Our technique opens the eye just as effectively as standard facial neurectomy procedures, simultaneously corrects associated anatomical deformities, and avoids facial paralysis. Gratifying results were obtained in 15 patients followed up for six to 38 months.
 ...
PMID:Blepharospasm surgery. An anatomical approach. 723 3

A frontalis suspension was carried out in a patient with an essential type of blepharospasm, characterized by difficulties in initiating the act of lid elevation, often referred to as the apractic form of blepharospasm or, as J. Elston proposed, the pretarsal blepharospasm. The patient tries to open the eyes by using the frontalis muscle or by manual traction. It is known than in this form of blepharospasm, insufficient results are seen after botulinum toxin infection. Proper examination of the skin crease of the upper eyelid and of the eyelid gives an idea of the insertion of the levator aponeurosis and of the levator muscle function. A desinsertion, due to frequent manual traction, may be found. In this case, reinsertion of the aponeurosis may relieve the symptoms. If no desinsertion is present a frontalis suspension, similar to those used in ptosis surgery, may give good results.
 ...
PMID:Surgical technique for patients with the apractic type of essential blepharospasm: case report. 749 30

A prospective open study of botulinum toxin A treatment for patients with various movement disorders at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University was analysed to evaluate its efficacy. The grand total of 900 patients comprised of a) 592 patients (65.78 per cent) with hemifacial spasm; b) 92 patients (10.22 per cent) with occupational cramp; c) 79 patients (8.78 per cent) with blepharospasm and Meige syndrome; d) 72 patients (8.00 per cent) with spasmodic torticollis; e) 19 patients (2.11 per cent) with hemidystonia and generalised dystonia; f) 11 patients (1.22 per cent) with spasmodic dysphonia; g) 10 patients (1.11 per cent) with spastic hemiparesis; and h) 25 patients (2.78 per cent) with miscellaneous group (i.e. tics, Gilles de la Tourette, facial myokimia, benign fasciculation, etc.). The results of treatment for hemifacial spasm were classified as excellent in 486 patients (82.09 per cent), moderate improvement in 60 patients (10.14 per cent), mild improvement in 39 patients (6.59 per cent) and no improvement or worse in 7 patients (1.18 per cent). There were complications of mild transient facial weakness in 50 patients (8.45 per cent) and mild ptosis in 12 patients (2.02 per cent). The effect of botulinum toxin treatment lasted 3-6 months. In occupational cramp and spasmodic torticollis the good response rate was around two-thirds of all patients, whereas, blephalospasm, spasmodic dysphonia, spastic hemiparesis and tics responsed in 79-88 per cent of the patients. Botulinum toxin A injection is thus a simple, safe, and effective out-patient treatment for patients with various kinds of movement disorders but it is a costly therapy.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of various movement disorders with botulinum A toxin injection: an experience of 900 patients. 756 52

The response to botulinum toxin type A was compared after two injection techniques in 45 patients with blepharospasm. Initially, patients were treated according to a triple injection technique; two injections into the upper eyelid and one injection into the lower eyelid. Subsequently, without altering the dose, the same patient group received two further injections into the pretarsal portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle of the upper lid. Triple injections were given in 227 treatments, of which 81% were successful. Mean duration of benefit was 8.5 weeks. Additional pretarsal injections were given in 183 treatment sessions. The number of successful treatments significantly increased, to 95% (P < 0.001), and the mean duration of benefit increased to 12.5 weeks (P < 0.001). Ptosis occurred significantly less often after pretarsal injections (P < 0.01). Patients with combined blepharospasm and involuntary levator palpebrae inhibition responded better to the pretarsal injection technique.
 ...
PMID:Pretarsal application of botulinum toxin for treatment of blepharospasm. 864 54


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>