Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Computed tomography (CT) was used to study 56 and 4 patients with primary and secondary cardiac blastomas, respectively. CT allows differentiation between a racemose and dense endocardial tumor, localization of myxoma pedicle, recording its prolapse into the adjacent chamber, identification of extra-, intracardiac and intramyocardial tumor growth as well as changes in adjacent vessels. CT image of cardiac myxoma is similar to a filling defect of diminished density, that of extra-endocardial tumors display polymorphism. Blastomatous invasion of the heart is characterized by blurring of cardiovascular elements boundaries, pericardial thickening and fluid accumulation. CT is advocated as a new, noninvasive and highly efficient diagnostic modality in cardiac tumors.
 ...
PMID:[Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of heart neoplasms]. 187 38

Assuming that cells and portions of tumor may remain in the abdominal cavity after surgery to reduce tumor size in cases of ovarian carcinoma, and that a change in cell kinetics could result in accelerated growth in the event of a recurrence, 23 patients with advanced tumors were given local (intraperitoneal) treatment intraoperatively. The treatment consisted of 15 mg Mitomycin C or 30 or 40 mg of Mitoxantron, in 1000 ml normal saline. Since the observation time was so short, the tolerance and side effects of this form of treatment were of primary interest, rather than remission quotas and survival times. The principal abdominal complaints included two subileus conditions which responded well to therapy and the problem of postoperative nausea. Four patients reacted to the treatment described with temperatures of over 38 degrees C. Chemical changes detected in the laboratory included 18 cases of leukopenia, which in one case reached WHO Grade 4. Intermittent changes in liver values and electrolytes were observed in isolated cases. Wound-healing impairments occurred in three cases. In one of them, a patient who sustained a prolapse of the small intestine with tumor growth into the abdominal wall, reoperation was necessary. Taken overall, the side effects of the intraoperative, intraperitoneal cytostatic therapy were acceptable. In view of the courses observed and with the idea of employing a form of therapy to combat aggressive growth of tumor cells remaining after surgery, it appears justified to continue with this form of treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Tolerance of intraoperative, intraperitoneal chemotherapy in advanced gynecologic malignancies]. 314 97

CAVERNOUS SINUS SURGERY has been performed increasingly in the last 2 decades because of new knowledge and technologies. With increasing international expertise in cavernous sinus surgery, the results must be analyzed critically to search for accurate prognosticators of outcome. We performed a retrospective review of 124 patients (40 male, 84 female; mean age, 45 years) who underwent cavernous sinus surgery for benign tumors from 1983 to 1992. Sixty-five percent had tumors encasing the internal carotid artery. Mean follow-up was 29 months (median, 26 mo). Gross total or near-total resection was possible in 80%. Patients with neurilemomas, angiofibromas, epidermoids, chondroblastomas, and hemangiomas were more likely to have total or near-total resection (100% versus 75%, P < 0.025). Disabling complications (five cerebral infarctions, two meningitis, and one hydrocephalus with chiasmal prolapse) occurred only in patients with meningiomas or pituitary adenomas. On follow-up, excellent/good binocular vision was achieved in 53% of patients entering surgery with excellent/good function versus 25% who entered surgery with fair/poor binocular vision (P < 0.025). Ninety-three percent of patients had a Karnofsky score > or = 70 on follow-up. There were a total of 12 recurrences (10%), 6 in patients with meningiomas, 2 in patients with angiofibromas, 2 in patients with craniopharyngiomas, 1 in a patient with a pituitary adenoma, and 1 in a patient with an osteoblastoma. Patients with tumor growth or neurological symptoms indicative of progressive cavernous sinus involvement should undergo cavernous sinus exploration. This surgery has acceptable morbidity and mortality and, if the tumor can be removed easily, the surgeon should try to perform radical tumor resection. To avoid major complications, the surgeon must exercise utmost care to preserve the neurovascular structures of the cavernous sinus, with special attention to tumors that extend into the petroclival region. Better results from surgery can be expected in those patients with neurilemomas, hemangiomas, or epidermoids than in patients with meningiomas, craniopharyngiomas, or pituitary adenomas. Good functional outcome can be expected, particularly if the patient's preoperative clinical status is good. Particular attention must be paid to the reconstruction of anatomic barriers in order to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage and subsequent meningitis.
 ...
PMID:The results of surgery for benign tumors of the cavernous sinus. 858 67

Clinical symptoms in patients with primary orbital lymphosarcoma, generalized lymphosarcoma involving the orbital tissues, and metastatic tumors of the orbit of another origin are analyzed. The orbital process has bee studied in 158 patients. The most frequent symptoms were ptosis and exophthalmos. Decreased visual acuity, pain, sensation of swelling in the orbit caused by rapid tumor growth were characteristic of metastases to the tumor and orbital lymphosarcoma in total system's involvement. In case of an isolated involvement of the orbit, lymphosarcoma ran a more swift course than metastases to the orbit and orbital lymphomas in systemic involvement which ran an aggressive course. These data cannot serve as differential diagnostic signs. The decisive information is provided by morphological examination of a biopsy specimen.
 ...
PMID:[The characteristics of the clinical picture of lymphosarcoma and of a metastatic tumor of the orbit of another origin]. 1058 15

Uterine leiomyomata are benign, smooth-muscle tumors. The tumors are very common, affecting approximately 10-15 million women in the United States annually. Uterine leiomyomata are often asymptomatic, but may cause symptoms that range in severity from mild abdominal discomfort to uterine prolapse. Several different chromosomal aberrations have been found in the tumor tissue. Because of the common occurrence of this tumor and the potential severity of associated sequelae, research delineating the different molecular subtypes is needed. Deletions on the long arm of chromosome 7 are believed to be the most common genetic anomaly in uterine leiomyoma. The size of the deletion varies, which makes it difficult to identify the genes that, upon deletion, contribute to tumor growth. The smallest previously defined interval was >12,000 kb. We have narrowed a minimal region to an interval of <500 kb.
 ...
PMID:Minimal interval defined on 7q in uterine leiomyoma. 1567 50

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder with highly variable expression generally ascribed to random factors. However, evidence is presented for patterns suggesting non-stochastic processes as follows: (1) We have seen a MZ twin pair concordant for renal vascular hypertension, and another for unilateral ptosis. Other concordances have been reported, including both malformations and tumors, and combinations as well. (2) Four children were seen with a distinct ipsilateral association of glaucoma or iris anomaly, optic glioma, plexiform neurofibromas arising from the trigeminal nerve and its branches, and sphenoid dysplasia. Other cases in the literature support milder forms of this association. (3) We saw six children with apparent gynecomastia or premature thelarche without endocrine abnormalities. Tissue samples from four of these showed an unusual fibrous plexiform neurofibroma. Interestingly, five of the six cases were African Americans, and constitutional factors affecting fibrous reactions may also be involved here.A tentative hypothesis is presented suggesting vascular fields involving defined areas that can: (1) Support tumor growth. They would be the "soil" determining the ability and the extent of growth. There would, however, still be a need for a "second hit" tumor transformation. (2) Affect blood supply to organs, creating structural anomalies. NF1 involves a vasculopathy, and would predispose to vulnerabilities of such fields. Genetic factors could induce superimposed susceptibilities of specific fields, leading to twin concordances. "Hits" affecting specific fields would increase the likelihood of multiple abnormalities that could include both tumors and structural findings. Finally, tumors may follow the contours of existing fields. The breast is an area normally primed for growth, and the observation of clitoromegally secondary to tumor involvement suggests that such fields exist elsewhere.
 ...
PMID:Non-random associations and vascular fields in neurofibromatosis 1: a pathogenetic hypothesis. 1677 Aug 9

Interactions between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells are critical in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, physiological remodeling, and tumorigenesis. Matricellular proteins, a group of ECM components, mediate cell-ECM interactions. One such molecule, Fibulin-5 is a 66-kDa glycoprotein secreted by various cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Fibulin-5 contributes to the formation of elastic fibers by binding to structural components including tropoelastin and fibrillin-1, and to cross-linking enzymes, aiding elastic fiber assembly. Mice deficient in the fibulin-5 gene (Fbln5) exhibit systemic elastic fiber defects with manifestations of loose skin, tortuous aorta, emphysematous lung and genital prolapse. Although Fbln5 expression is down-regulated after birth, following the completion of elastic fiber formation, expression is reactivated upon tissue injury, affecting diverse cellular functions independent of its elastogenic function. Fibulin-5 contains an evolutionally conserved arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif in the N-terminal region, which mediates binding to a subset of integrins, including alpha5beta1, alphavbeta3, and alphavbeta5. Fibulin-5 enhances substrate attachment of endothelial cells, while inhibiting migration and proliferation in a cell type- and context-dependent manner. The antagonistic function of fibulin-5 in angiogenesis has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo; fibulin-5 may block angiogenesis by inducing the anti-angiogenic molecule thrompospondin-1, by antagonizing VEGF(165)-mediated signaling, and/or by antagonizing fibronectin-mediated signaling through directly binding and blocking the alpha5beta1 fibronectin receptor. The overall effect of fibulin-5 on tumor growth depends on the balance between the inhibitory property of fibulin-5 on angiogenesis and the direct effect of fibulin-5 on proliferation and migration of tumor cells. However, the effect of tumor-derived versus host microenvironment-derived fibulin-5 remains to be evaluated.
 ...
PMID:Fibulin-5, an integrin-binding matricellular protein: its function in development and disease. 1979 95

Cavernous sinus meningiomas are rare benign tumors arising from the dural wall of the cavernous sinus. These complex lesions are difficult to access surgically but can lead to cranial nerve palsies if left untreated. The case described in this video involved a 14-yr-old girl who presented initially with right ocular pain at 9 yr old. Strabismus of the right eye developed when she was 10 yr old; it was treated surgically without improvement. She developed ptosis and worsening strabismus at age 13 yr, at which time magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion in the anterior cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure. Given the progressively worsening oculomotor palsy and potential for future tumor growth because of her young age, the patient's family wished to pursue surgical rather than radiation treatment. The patient underwent a right lateral orbitotomy for exploration and resection of the lesion. She tolerated the procedure well. Postoperatively, she experienced improvement in her ocular pain and persistent oculomotor nerve palsy without any new neurologic deficits. Her cosmetic results from this incision were satisfactory. Postoperative computed tomography demonstrated thinning of the right lateral orbital wall and removal of the tumor. The pathological analysis of the tissue was consistent with a grade 1 meningioma. This video demonstrates the opportunity to resect a lesion from the cavernous sinus that prevents progressive cranial neuropathies. Some cavernous meningiomas are well circumscribed and can be resected totally. The patient's parents provided consent for publication.
 ...
PMID:Resection of Cavernous Sinus Meningioma via Lateral Orbitotomy Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video. 3150 52