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 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some practices and procedures that are common during the management of childbirth lack proof of efficacy, and some have adverse effects. The practice of withholding food and liquids and using intravenous fluids during labor may pose risks such as fluid overload, and maternal and fetal hyperglycemia. Enemas should be reserved for women with painful constipation. Evidence does not support the value of shaving the perineal area. Nonpharmacologic measures to control pain during labor are safe and moderately effective. Pharmacologic methods of analgesia and anesthesia provide good pain relief but pose significant risks. Continuous electronic fetal monitoring should be considered a diagnostic procedure, not a screening procedure. Amniotomy may shorten labor but can result in abnormally high uterine forces, infection, umbilical cord prolapse and fetal laceration. Position changes and alternative birth positions promote greater comfort and efficiency during labor. Finally, episiotomy has not been shown to reduce severe lacerations or prevent pelvic relaxation, and use of this procedure should be limited.
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PMID:The rational management of labor. 811 11

This case report describes a 15-month-old female who developed diffuse cerebral vasospasm after resection of a cerebellopontine angle primitive neuroectodermal tumor. The patient developed an acute dense left hemiparesis 16 days postoperatively with partial right ptosis. Initial magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion study were unremarkable, though a magnetic resonance angiography 1 day later demonstrated severe intracranial vasospasm of both carotid and vertebral arteries. The vasospasm was confirmed with cerebral angiography. The patient progressed to bihemispheric infarcts with laminar necrosis despite combination therapy with anticoagulation, pharmacological hypertension, hypervolemia, and nimodipine. The clinical course, radiographic, and pathological findings are presented.
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PMID:Diffuse cerebral vasospasm with ischemia after resection of a cerebellopontine angle primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a child. 997 76

Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of mitral valve is the prolapse of a mitral leaflet into the left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) during systole, causing LVOT obstruction and mitral valve regurgitation. We report the case of a patient who developed SAM-induced hemodynamic instability during bleeding with a clinical picture resembling pulmonary edema. A 77-year-old woman was admitted to our emergency room for abdominal bleeding in polycystic renal disease. Upon arrival, she was normotensive, despite being anuric and acidotic. After infusion of fluids and packed red blood cells (total 3 680 mL in 6 hours) she developed atrial fibrillation and clinical and radiological signs of pulmonary edema. Sedation and non-invasive ventilation brought to immediate severe hypotension. A transesophageal echocardiogram showed an "empty" hypertrophic hypercontractile left ventricle, SAM with LVOT obstruction (intraventricular gradient 154 mmHg) and moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation. With further fluid infusion hemodynamic stability and sinus rhythm were recovered. SAM, LVOT obstruction and mitral regurgitation disappeared. SAM is a rare but dangerous cause of hemodynamic instability. It has been described in patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy, in presence of hypovolemia and sympathetic stimulation. In our case it presented with a misleading clinical picture of pulmonary edema simulating fluid overload in an actually hypovolemic patient. In fact, SAM-associated mitral regurgitation together with diastolic dysfunction and tachycardia induced a pulmonary edema whose treatment worsened hypovolemia and precipitated LVOT obstruction and hypotension. Further fluid infusion was resolutive. Echocardiography was fundamental for diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Systolic anterior motion causing hemodynamic instability and pulmonary edema during bleeding. 2066 Dec 9