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 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This book contains various illustrations, portraits and an exact index, testimonials proving the author's professional successes as well as an accurate list of the qualities that should be demanded from any ophthalmologist. The anatomy of the head and eye is described according to Galen's ideas and Vesalius' book. Many remedies, prescriptions and medical treatments are discussed, partly showing the mystic influences of the Middle Ages. Bartisch reports several diseases for the first time: Allergic reactions, sympathetic ophthalmia, hemeralopia, photoelectric keratoconjunctivitis, amaurosis due to toxemia of pregnancy. But most important is the part on surgery. A careful pre- and postoperative treatment is demanded in cases of cataract operations. Bartisch describes the removal of eyelashes to cure trichiasis, the operations of ptosis, blepharochalasis and the exenteration of the orbit. This book was appreciated for a long time so that in 1686 a nearly identical reprint was published.
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PMID:The first German textbook of ophthalmology "Augendienst" by G. Bartisch, 1583. 304 58

Two patients with progressive, diffuse precancerous melanosis (intraepithelial atypical melanocytic hyperplasia or melanocytic dysplasia) of the conjunctiva were treated with cryotherapy. In one patient, the contiguous cutaneous portions of both eyelids were involved and received the same therapy; the extensive disease of the patient was managed by two cryotherapy sessions during a period of 21/2 months. The melanocytic process in both patients showed a good response to this therapy, which resulted in a slough of the superficial conjunctiva with reepithelialization from adjacent areas. Neither patients has shown recurrent disease in more than seven months of follow-up, although one patient had incomplete regression of the melanocytic condition in the perilimbal region, which was subsequently treated by an excisional biopsy. Serious complications occurred in one patient who had corneal and lenticular opacities; this patient had severe extensive disease for which exenteration was considered the only feasible alternative therapy to control the melanocytic proliferation disorder adequately. Less severe complications also developed, including trichiasis, ptosis, transient hypotony, and macular edema. In this article, we discuss the clinical and histologic features of acquired pigmentations of the conjunctiva, the criteria for their management, and the approaches to minimize the complications that we have encountered with cryotherapy.
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PMID:Cryotherapy for precancerous melanosis (atypical melanocytic hyperplasia) of the conjunctiva. 725 96

The authors reviewed 44 tarsoconjunctival grafts performed from 1983 to 1993 to determine the nature and severity of complications related to these grafts. Follow-up ranged from 3 weeks to 10 years, with a mean of 23 months. The complications were categorized as none, minor, or major. A complication was deemed major if it required a second surgical procedure for treatment. Eleven percent (5/44) of patients had major complications, including marked upper lid retraction after upper lid reconstruction (1), wound dehiscence (2), cicatricial ectropion (1), and excessive lower lid laxity (1). Seventy-three percent (32/44) of patients had minor complications. Minor complications included trichiasis (5), notching of the donor and/or recipient lid margin (9), mild lid retraction (3), contour deformity (2), granuloma (2), prolonged edema or erythema (4), symblepharon (1), mild ectropion (2), punctate keratitis (1), minimal ptosis (1), and epiphora (1). Sixteen percent (7/44) had no complications. Despite the frequent minor complications and the occasional major complications, the use of free tarsoconjunctival grafts remains a valuable procedure in the surgeon's armamentarium for reconstruction of major eyelid defects. Knowledge and early recognition of the possible complications may result in better patient care.
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PMID:Complications of tarsoconjunctival grafts. 865 58

Floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) usually affects middle-aged obese men, presenting as a unilateral or bilateral chronic papillary conjunctivitis. The upper eyelid is lax, floppy, and easily everted. The laterality corresponds to the side the patient sleeps on. An association with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been suggested. A personal series of 17 new cases is presented, and 79 previously reported cases are reviewed to give a detailed description of the syndrome. In addition to the classical presentation, patients may present with upper lid ptosis, lash ptosis or trichiasis, lower lid ectropion or rarely entropion, or corneal complications. Eight patients with FES were investigated for OSA. Twenty other patients with known OSA were examined for FES and other possibly associated ocular features. All eight patients referred for sleep studies were found to have OSA. One of the 20 patients with known OSA was found to have FES, and two had features of early asymptomatic FES. One patient with FES and OSA had normal tension glaucoma. Patients with FES should be considered for sleep studies because of the known morbidity of OSA. Simple screening of patients with OSA may detect FES and avoid late corneal complications that can compromise vision.
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PMID:Floppy eyelid syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea. 918 93

To describe eyelid changes in ocular leprosy, 74 patients (148 eyes or 296 eyelids) were examined, focusing on eyelid abnormalities. The adnexal examination included evaluation of the upper eyelid crease pattern, qualitative assessment of the orbicularis oculi muscle function, measurement of the distance between the corneal reflex and the upper eyelid margin (margin reflex distance), and slit-lamp biomicroscopy of the eyelashes and tarsal conjunctiva. Eyelash ptosis was a common finding associated with a multiple upper eyelid crease pattern and trichiasis. In the past, eyelash ptosis has probably been diagnosed as upper eyelid entropion or trichiasis, but in this series entropion was not observed. The distinction between eyelash ptosis, trichiasis, and upper eyelid entropion is important because the surgical management for each is different. Other true leprotic abnormalities of the eyelids are lagophthalmos and lower lid ectropion.
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PMID:Eyelid changes in long-standing leprosy. 970 Jul 30

Sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by recurrent complete or partial upper airway obstructions during sleep and recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Several eye diseases have been associated with sleep apnea syndrome. Due to floppy eyelids often a chronic conjunctivitis occurs. A leaking mask used for apnea treatment may also induce a conjunctivitis. The lids may show an upper lid ptosis, lower lid ectropium, blepharochalasis, or trichiasis. Corneal findings include infectious keratitis, dry eye, recurrent erosion, keratoconus, and progressive endotheliopathy. Several optic neuropathies also seem to be associated with sleep apnea syndrome.
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PMID:[Eye diseases in sleep apnea syndrome]. 1121 89

The adnexa frequently requires the general practitioner to intervene surgically to manage underlying disease or as an ancillary aid in the management of corneal disease. Both acquired and hereditary disorders are encountered. This article reviews general anatomy and physiology of the eyelids and discusses indications for the more commonly performed surgical procedures and their execution. Procedures include tarsorrhaphy, management of eyelid lacerations, eyelid tumor resection, correction of upper and/or lower lid entropion, ectropion, a medial and lateral canthoplasty, colobomatous syndrome in the cat, management of distichiasis, trichiasis and ectopic ciliae, and reduction of a prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid. Finally a surgical pack inventory useful for adnexal surgery is described.
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PMID:Techniques for surgical correction of adnexal disease. 1137 27

The medical records of 23 dogs that underwent medial canthoplasty for treatment of epiphora were reviewed. The most prevalent breed encountered was the shih tzu. Other affected breeds included the Pekingese, Maltese, toy poodle, and pug. All dogs had epiphora associated with medial canthal trichiasis and/or entropion. Other ocular abnormalities included conjunctivitis, keratitis, pigmentary keratitis, corneal ulceration, globe prolapse, and nasal fold trichiasis. After medial canthoplasty, the epiphora resolved in all dogs.
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PMID:Medial canthoplasty for epiphora in dogs: a retrospective study of 23 cases. 1708 90

In recent years the Shih Tzu has become a popular breed of dog. It has a number of serious diseases of the eye which are not being recognized by breeders, owners, and sometimes veterinarians. The purpose of this communication is to assist veterinarians in recognizing and treating, where possible, some of the common ocular problems of this breed, including medial canthal entropion, various trichiasis problems, dermoids, third eyelid gland prolapse, chronic keratitis and corneal ulcers, progressive retinal atrophy, vitreal syneresis, and retinal detachment. Because most of the problems are inherited or of suspected genetic origin, breeders should receive genetic counselling from their veterinarian.
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PMID:Common ocular problems of Shin Tzu dogs. 1742 20

Floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) is a relatively rare condition of unknown aetiology, commonly described in association with other systemic conditions, particularly with obstructive sleep apnoea--OSA (the most frequent and most significant sleep-related breathing disorder in terms of morbidity and mortality). It is characterized by an extremely enlarged and floppy upper eyelid which can be very easily everted (often spontaneously during sleep). The laterality of the disease corresponds to the side the patient sleeps on. The patient may also present with upper lid ptosis, lash ptosis or trichiasis, lower lid ectropion, chronic papillary conjunctivitis, and chronic corneal disorders. The aim of this study is to report this syndrome, which is often overlooked in eye clinics, and to summarize our experience with its diagnosis and treatment. The correct and early diagnosis of FES may be a clue to the correct diagnosis of, at the time of FES diagnosis, unknown OSA.
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PMID:[Floppy eyelid syndrome and obstructive sleep apnoea]. 2267 94


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