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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty patients underwent ophthalmologic examination before and after bilateral upper dorsal sympathectomy performed for palmar hyperhidrosis. Postoperative examination was done during the first week, at 3 to 4 weeks and at 6 to 12 months after the operation. Immediately after surgery there were 18 patients with ptosis (6 severe) and 23 with miosis (12 severe). There were 19 patients with excessive lacrimation and some degree of congestion of conjunctival blood vessels was present in almost all patients. Uniocular decrease in tears was present in 2 patients. Most of these manifestations decreased with passage of time. At one year there remained only 3 patients with severe ptosis and 4 with severe miosis. The results suggest that the classical anatomic explanation of Horner's syndrome may require some modification.
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PMID:Ocular manifestations after upper dorsal sympathectomy. 48 2

Two hundred and fifty patients with hemifacial spasm from the Movement Disorder Clinic, at Siriraj Hospital have been treated with botulinum toxin injection since January 1989 as a collaborating research project with Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute in San Francisco. Each patient received 30 units in four injection sites over the hyperkinetic facial muscles. There were 169 female and 81 male patients, the sex ratio of female to male was 2.1:1. The mean age of all patients was 50.2 +/- 12.6 years with the range of 22 to 78 years. The majority of patients had been suffering for 3-10 years. The results of botulinum toxin injection were classified as excellent in 81.2 per cent, moderate improvement 10.0 per cent, mild improvement 6.8 per cent and no improvement or worse in 2.0 per cent. There were complications of mild transient facial weakness in 44 patients (17.6%) mild ptosis in 7 patients (2.8%) and excessive lacrimation in 1 patient (0.4%). The effect of botulinum toxin treatment lasted for 3-6 months duration. Botulinum toxin injection is a simple and effective out-patient treatment for patients with hemifacial spasm with no systemic side effects and minor transient local complications.
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PMID:Two hundred and fifty patients with hemifacial spasm treated with botulinum toxin injection. 140 42

Botulinum A exotoxin was recently approved for use in Canada. We describe the efficacy of botulinum toxin in the management of 235 patients with blepharospasm (mean age 64.3 years) and 130 patients with hemifacial spasm (mean age 60.4 years) treated at three Canadian ophthalmologic centres between 1984 and 1989. A total of 98% of the patients with blepharospasm and 100% of the patients with hemifacial spasm had significant relief of their symptoms; however, 11% of the former and 2% of the latter did not respond to the usual starting concentrations of the drug and needed stronger dosages for relief. The duration of relief varied widely in both groups. Up to 7% of patients had ineffective treatments but responded to subsequent injections. Analysis of variance and linear trend statistics showed that there were no changes in the mean duration of relief over the first several treatments for individual patients in either group. Side effects were transient and included ptosis, exposure keratitis, epiphora and strabismus.
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PMID:Treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm with botulinum A toxin: a Canadian multicentre study. 205 23

The eyelids not only protect the ocular globe, but also keep it wet and transparent. In the case of a palpebral wound the survival of the ocular globe is perhaps at stake. Corrective reconstruction of a palpebral wound must be considered as quickly as possible in order to restore eyelid shape and mobility. A facial emergency must be treated along the lines of an immediate reconstruction. A completely successful restoration must see to the prevention of complications associated, on one hand to poor adaptation of the wounded edge engendering a deformed eyelid, a coloboma at the free edge, malpositioning (entropion or ectropion), or an acquired ptosis. On the other hand, stenosis of the lacrymal canaliculus will lead to epiphora. Both complications present later difficulties for treatment.
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PMID:[Eyelid injuries]. 225 33

The authors use injections of botulinum A toxin in treatment of facial spasms. 105 patients (70 patients with blepharospasm, 35 patients with hemispasm) were treated during 4 years. The toxin Wisconsin relieved spasms for an average of 10 weeks. Local complications such as ptosis and diplopia appeared in less than 1/5 of the cases. No general complications were observed. Repeated treatments are necessary. The authors noted a decrease of lacrimal secretion on the treated side in hemifacial spasm and concluded that botulinum A toxin injections could be used as a treatment of epiphora.
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PMID:[Treatment of facial spasm with botulin A toxin]. 225 49

Clinical signs in dogs with pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) were tabulated from 25 confirmed cases. The duration of disease was short, ranging from 6 to 96 hours. Eight dogs were euthanatized. Of those not euthanatized, 12 (71%) died within 24 hours of onset, 16 (94%) died within 48 hours, and only 1 (6%) lived longer than 48 hours (96 hours) after the onset of clinical signs. All of the dogs had ptyalism, 84% were restless, 84% were anorectic, 76% were atactic, and 64% wandered aimlessly. Sixty-four percent of the dogs had tachypnea, 60% had dyspnea, 56% vocalized, 52% were pruritic, 48% held their necks rigidly, 36% vomited, 36% had muscle spasms, 36% were aggressive, 28% had trismus, and 24% had dysphagia. Five of 25 dogs (20%) had abnormal pupillary light responses. Two of the 25 dogs circled and 2 walked backwards. Each of the following were detected once: blindness, ptosis, facial paresis, excessive lacrimation, head-tilt, head-pressing, signs of abdominal pain, and photophobia. All dogs had been exposed to swine, although in some instances the farmer was unaware pseudorabies existed in the herd or believed it was not in the herd on the basis of negative results on serologic testing.
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PMID:Clinical signs associated with pseudorabies in dogs. 277 5

Symptomatic maxillary sinus cysts are diagnosed less frequently than similar cysts of the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses and are rarely reported in the ophthalmic literature. Patients with cysts of the maxillary sinus may present to the ophthalmologist with proptosis, enophthalmos, diplopia, ptosis, epiphora, and, rarely, decreased visual acuity. Four patients with maxillary sinus mucoceles are presented; one of these patients had a concurrent retention cyst in the orbit. Clinical history, radiologic findings, and histopathologic mechanisms are discussed. Mucocele is a recognized complication of the Caldwell-Luc procedure and midface trauma. Blockage of the sinus ostia was the cause previously proposed to explain antral mucocele development. Clinical and histopathologic features may support more than one single mechanism for the pathogenesis of maxillary sinus cysts. Maxillary sinus mucocele or retention cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of exophthalmos or enophthalmos following blowout fracture of the orbital floor.
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PMID:Destructive cysts of the maxillary sinus affecting the orbit. 317 50

Mucoceles involving any of the paranasal sinuses may present with ophthalmic disturbances. Maxillary antral mucoceles can encroach on the inferior orbit with ocular displacement and compression, proptosis or enophthalmos, lower lid distortion, tethering of extraocular muscles, and ptosis. Periocular pain, erosion of the inferior orbital rim, infraorbital nerve compression, epiphora, and inner canthal swellings are other important presentations. Postoperative mucoceles may involve only a portion of the antrum. Five illustrative cases are presented.
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PMID:Ophthalmic manifestations of maxillary sinus mucoceles. 365 61

Twenty-eight patients with mild or moderate cases of benign essential blepharospasm were treated with botulinum toxin Type A. Average follow-up was six months. The injection technique used on these patients is illustrated. The treatment was effective in virtually all patients treated, although transient; the mean interval of relief of spasm was approximately two and one-half months. Potential side effects include ptosis and epiphora. Botulinum toxin as an initial treatment or as an adjunct in postsurgical residual blepharospasm shows promise in this preliminary study.
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PMID:The use of botulinum toxin in the medical management of benign essential blepharospasm. 395 6

In 16 children with orbitocranial fibrous dysplasia confirmed histopathologically, facial asymmetry, orbital dystopia, and unilateral proptosis were the main presenting problems. Five children had radiological evidence of narrowing of the optic canal but only two developed optic atrophy and visual loss. One patient had persistent epiphora due to involvement of the bony nasolacrimal duct. Sixteen patients were treated by excision of the dysplastic bone and 15 had immediate craniofacial reconstruction. A good cosmetic and functional result was achieved in the majority of cases although transient vertical diplopia and minor degrees of ptosis occurred postoperatively in about a third. Fibrous dysplasia of the orbit is progressive in childhood and is best managed by radical surgery and reconstruction in a specialized craniofacial unit.
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PMID:Fibrous dysplasia of the orbit in childhood. Clinical features and management. 397 91


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