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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A review of 34 autopsied cases with classical Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valves revealed 8 cases with left-sided anomalies. Among these, appearing in 1 case each, were aortic atresia and persistent common atrioventricular canal. The latter 2 conditions were dominant clinically. In the remaining 6 cases the left-sided anomalies were not apparent clinically and probably of no functional significance. These conditions were parachute mitral valve, bicuspid aortic valve, cor triatriatum and pulmonary stenosis, cleft mitral valve, stenosis of individual pulmonary veins, and prolapse of mitral valve.
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PMID:Left-sided anomalies in Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve. 715 54

Mitral valve clicks with or without late systolic murmurs were detected in genetically unrelated marital partners of 5 families. The first family represented 2 successive nonconsanguineous marital unions with 3 generations of mitral valve clicks. The second family included 1 natural and 2 adopted children with clinical and echographic evidence of mitral valve prolapse. The third family was comprised of asymptomatic parents, both with nonejection clicks and mitral valve prolapse, whose daughter presented 3 years previously with syncope, palpitations, and combined mitral and tricuspid valve prolapse. The fourth family had 3 members with auscultatory and ultrasonic manifestations of billowing mitral valve, whereas the fourth member had "silent mitral valve prolapse." The fifth family represented a mother with auscultatory and echographic evidence of mitral valve prolapse; her 14-year-old daughter had both mitral and tricuspid valve prolapse, whereas the son had a bicuspid aortic valve. Both children were products of a prior marriage, and her husband has symptomatic mitral valve prolapse. We conclude that matrimonial mitral valve prolapse probably reflects the purported (6--10%) prevalence of this disorder in the general population. The consequences of such marital union on progeny is currently unclear and warrants future investigation.
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PMID:All in the family: matrimonial mitral valve clicks. 724 29

M-mode echocardiography has proved in these last years to be a reliable method for the recognition and evaluation of several cardiac diseases, both congenital and acquired. The following is a case we have examined in which M-mode echocardiography has allowed us to diagnose a Valsalva sinus aneurysm combined with a bicuspid aortic valve causing a valvular steno-insufficiency. We discuss the genesis of an echogram situated in the left ventricular outflow tract. A very similar image had been ascribed in the past to the rupture of an aneurysm into the interventricular septum, which caused a filling of the septum itself in diastole and therefore the echogram described above. On the basis of two-dimensional echocardiography, angiography and the autoptic report we could exclude this hypothesis in our case. We suggest that the image might be due to a prolapse of the valvular leaflet in the left ventricular outflow tract and/or to the prolapse of the aneurysm itself in the tract between the valvular leaflet and the interventricular septum.
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PMID:[Echocardiographic recognition of Valsalva aneurysm. A case report (author's transl)]. 732 41

Nineteen patients with types I and III Ehlers-Danlos syndrome were hospitalized at our institution between 1973 and 1978. Chest roentgenogram, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram were done; 11 patients underwent cardiac catheterization. Thirty-five cardiac or great vessel abnormalities were detected. Fifteen patients had nitral valve prolapse; six also had tricuspid valve prolapse. Dilatation of the aortic root or extasia of the sinuses of Valsalva, or both, occurred in six patients. Dilatation of the pulmonary artery and annulus caused pulmonary regurgitation in one patient. Congenital heart defects included bicuspid aortic valve (two), pulmonary valvular stenosis (one), ventricular septal defect (two), and an atrial septal defect (one). The apparent high prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities in hospitalized patients with types I and III Ehlers-Danlos syndrome necessitates a careful cardiovascular evaluation. Conversely, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome types I and III should be excluded in patients with mitral or tricuspid valve prolapse, great vessel dilatation, and congenital heart defects.
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PMID:The spectrum of cardiac defects in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, types I and III. 735 21

Since 1988, reparative techniques have been used at our institution to treat valvular insufficiency in selected patients with aortic valve disease. The limitations of aortic valve replacement are well recognized; it is this knowledge that has motivated us to find out whether a subgroup of patients who have aortic insufficiency might be candidates for preservation of their native aortic valves. This subgroup includes patients who have leaflet prolapse, perforation, or calcification. We describe our methods of patient evaluation and selection, as well as our surgical techniques for both bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve repair.
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PMID:Surgical techniques for aortic valvuloplasty. 788 7

The many changes in classification of cardiovascular disease during the twentieth century reflect changing etiology of diseases, clinical comprehension and technological advances. In particular, the etiology of valvular heart disease has changed dramatically in the last five decades. The significant reduction of acute rheumatic fever and its sequelae, and the recognition of non-rheumatic causes of valvular disease are responsible for the metamorphosis in the etiology of valvular disorders. Valvular heart disease can be classified as follows: 1) Heritable-congenital causes of valvular heart disease e.g., floppy mitral valve with mitral valve prolapse, bicuspid aortic valve, and the Marfan syndrome; 2) Inflammatory-immunologic causes such as rheumatic fever, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, endocardial proliferative disorders, and antiphospolipid syndrome; 3) Myocardial dysfunction-ischemic cardiomyopathy, dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-resulting in valvular heart disease; 4) Diseases and disorders of other organs as causes of valvular heart disease, e.g., chronic renal failure and carcinoid heart disease; 5) Valvular heart disease related to aging: calcific aortic stenosis and mitral annular calcification; 6) Valvular disease following interventions such as valvuloplasty, valve reconstructive surgery and valve replacement; and 7) Valvular disease related to drugs and physical agents, such as chronic ergotamine use, radiation therapy and trauma. In clinical practice the most common causes of mitral regurgitation are floppy mitral valve with mitral valve prolapse, ischemic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy and mitral annular calcification, while the most common cause of mitral stenosis is rheumatic fever. The most common causes of isolated aortic regurgitation are bicuspid aortic valve and floppy aortic valve, while the most common causes of isolated aortic stenosis are related to the bicuspid aortic valve and the development of calcific senile aortic stenosis. The most common causes of tricuspid regurgitation are dilated cardiomyopathy, ischemic cardiomyopathy, floppy tricuspid valve with tricuspid valve prolapse and infectious endocarditis. Combined mitral and tricuspid regurgitation occur with heritable connective tissue disorders, dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy, while the most common cause of mitral stenosis plus aortic regurgitation is rheumatic fever. Statistics obtained from cardiac surgery and necropsy may underestimate the true incidence of certain valvular diseases by selection bias. This is particularly so with valvular disease associated with significant ventricular dysfunction, or in the elderly who may not be surgical candidates, or in cases where the valvular disease is not severe enough to require surgical intervention. Recent advances in hemodynamic and imaging technology allow clinicians to define valvular structure and function and to accurately classify valvular heart disease in clinical practice.
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PMID:Valvular heart disease: the influence of changing etiology on nosology. 800 Jun 16

Exercise tolerance in children with the primary bicuspid valve prolapse syndrome has been evaluated with ergometric test. Additionally, an effect of environmental factors on exercise tolerance has been assessed in children from the urban and rural areas. A good tolerance of submaximal loads has been shown in both groups. However, the obtained results have been significantly more favourable in children from rural areas. The authors have concluded that limitation of exercise in children with bicuspid valve prolapse is not necessary during an intensive growth.
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PMID:[Exercise tolerance in children with primary bicuspid valve prolapse syndrome]. 836 91

Underlying pathologic disorders of infected valves were analyzed in 36 consecutive patients with infective endocarditis (from April 1987 to May 1995) of 18 aortic, 11 mitral and 8 prosthetic valves. Among 29 cases of native valve endocarditis, 27 had known organic changes [aortic valve prolapse 8, bicuspid aortic valve 4, annuloaortic ectasia 1, mitral valve prolapse 9 (including 2 cases associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), looping chordae 1, rheumatic heart disease 4]. However, the remaining two cases had unknown etiology. Histological examination of these two aortic valves revealed proliferation of small vessels and remnants of vascular smooth muscle cells, suggesting postinflammatory valve prolapse. Five cases with definite pathology had no clinical signs of infection. The preponderance of surgically resected valves with infective endocarditis in Japan is non-rheumatic in origin.
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PMID:[Surgical pathology of infective endocarditis]. 906 24

We report here a case of a premature baby with tetralogy of Fallot and bicuspid aortic valve. After the successful completion of the Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt, severe aortic valve regurgitation (AR) appeared, although it was trivial preoperatively. Severe postoperative heart failure was induced by progression of the AR. Postoperative echocardiography revealed that the progression of the AR was provoked by appearance of prolapse of the cusp as the result of rapid increase of blood flow through the aortic valve after the BT shunt. We propose that, in planning the BT shunt for patients with tetralogy of Fallot, preoperative examinations for a possible bicuspid aortic valve should be done and postoperative precaution considering possible appearances of severe AR and congestive heart failure will be necessary.
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PMID:Symptomatic aortic regurgitation after Blalock-Taussig shunt in tetralogy of Fallot with bicuspid aortic valve. 936 9

Among the anatomical and functional findings in cardiology, congenitally corrected transposition of the major vessels (ventricular inversion), bicuspid aortic valve and prolapse of the mitral valve with simultaneous mitral insufficiency have at least a potential for causing future problems. In such cases, regular cardiological checks or a further diagnostic work-up is to be recommended. The assessment of cardiac sounds can usually be correctly interpreted on the basis of the history, physical examination and auscultation. Among the electrocardiological findings, complete left bundle-branch block and prolongation of the QT segment, mandate clarification of a structural heart condition. Furthermore, in the event of ventricular extrasystoles, right-ventricular cardiomyopathy needs to be excluded. Such isolated conduction disorders as left-anterior fascicular block or right bundle-branch block are of no prognostic significance.
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PMID:[Incidental findings in cardiology. Diagnosing today what can cause illness tomorrow]. 1109 10


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