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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a group of 300 patients with the diagnosis of lumbar nucleus pulposus prolapse treated surgically the authors found in 4 cases not the expected prolapse but varicose blood vessels surrounding the nerve roots and immobilizing them in adhesions. In another 5 patients vertebral canal varicosities were associated with nucleus pulposus prolapse. None of these cases of vertebral canal varicosities had been diagnosed before operation since the clinical state of these patients was not significantly different from the state of patients with nucleus prolapse and radiculography failed to supply sufficient diagnostic data or suggested presence of small prolapse. An auxiliary diagnostic finding in cases of vertebral canal varices may be frequent association of spinal anomalies (in 3/4 of the observed cases) and obesity (in 2/3 of cases). Surgical decompression of vertebral canal and liberation of roots from adhesions without excision or ligation of varicose veins gave good therapeutic results.
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PMID:[Varicosity of the lower part of the vertebral canal]. 63 33

We reported 2 cases of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) associated with partial absence of the chordae tendineae. Case 1 was a 25-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital for further examinations of an apical pansystolic murmur (Levine 4/6) and the abnormal shadow on his chest radiograph. He was diagnosed as having grade 3 + mitral regurgitation (MR) by the Sellers classification and pulmonary varix by cardiac catheterization. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed MVP of the rough zone of the anterior mitral leaflet and MR blowing into the pulmonary varix. Case 2 was a 60-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital because of congestive heart failure and apical pansystolic murmur (Levine 4/6). Parasternal echocardiography revealed prolapse of both the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets and moderate MR. In both cases, absence of insertion of anterolateral commissural chordae was confirmed after surgery, and the abnormalities of chordal arrangement and insertion were considered as causes of MVP in these cases.
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PMID:[Mitral valve prolapse associated with partial absence of commissural chordal insertion: report of two cases]. 141 76

Over a period of two years, joint hypermobility was identified in 95 female and 19 male patients who attended rheumatology and rehabilitation units in Ismailia city. Pauciarticular pains referring to large and medium-sized joints was their most frequent complaint. Clinical diagnosis of carpal and/or tarsal tunnel syndromes was made in 45.6% of patients, and various forms of soft tissue rheumatism were evident in 73% of them. On radiologic evaluation of the involved joints, 60.5% of the examined patients showed significant degenerative lesions. The most prominent finding in the study, however, was the aggregation of varieties of articular and extra-articular abnormalities in the same patient. Extra-articular features included high frequencies of occurrence of varicose veins, piles and uterine prolapse among other abnormalities. Thus, results of the study lend support to the view that joint hypermobility predisposes to several articular and nonarticular lesions raise serious questions about the reputable benignity of the syndrome.
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PMID:Is the benign joint hypermobility syndrome benign? 835 97

New concepts of the pathophysiology of hemorrhoids have been defined during the past eight or more years, yet medical education at the undergraduate and graduate levels has not kept pace with the newer concepts. The traditional concepts are being perpetuated in all medical dictionaries and in most textbooks of surgery, medicine, anatomy, and pathology. Hemorrhoids are not varicosities, but rather are vascular cushions composed of arterioles, venules, and arteriolar-venular communications which slide down, become congested and enlarged, and bleed. The pathogenesis begins in the fibromuscular supporting layer in the submucosa, above the vascular cushions. The bright red bleeding, which accompanies hemorrhoidal disease, is arteriolar in origin. Portal hypertension has been shown not to be the cause of hemorrhoids. The use of rubber bands, sclerosing solutions, cryosurgery, or the infra-red beam in the early stages of hemorrhoidal disease can take care of prolapse and bleeding and can prevent the development of third and fourth degree hemorrhoids.
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PMID:What are hemorrhoids and what is their relationship to the portal venous system? 660 42

The authors treated in 1983-1993 72 patients with vulvar varicosities who suffered particularly during pregnancy. Typical symptoms are pruritus, pain caused by pressure in the vulvar area and the sensation of prolapse. According to the authors surgical treatment is unnecessary and involves risk. They recommend compressive sclerotherapy as described by Fegan, using sodium tetradecyl sulphate S.T.D. Hegefort England not only in case of a marked clinical symptomatology but also as prevention of dangerous haemorrhage during delivery.
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PMID:[Vulvar varices]. 755 1

Primary deep venous insufficiency (PDVI) represents an important cause of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). The clinical picture is generally related to a congenital weakness of the vein wall at the level of the valvular ring which may dilate its diameter with consequent lengthening and prolapse of the valvular cusps. However, in an initial stage of PDVI the leaflets are normally formed and may undergo restorative surgery. In this condition an external banding valvuloplasty (EBV) with a Dacron sleeve around the incompetent valve may restore the competence. The authors report 54 cases of superficial femoral vein EBV performed over a period of 1986 to 1991. The patients were affected by signs of CVI and/or relapsing, complicated or atypical varices in which descending venography showed a grade II, III or IV primary deep reflux. In a mean follow-up of 38 months (4 to 63 months) deep reflux had disappeared in 41 patients (76%), had significantly decreased in 8 (14.8%) and was completely unmodified in 5 (9.2%). According to the experience of other authors, these results suggest the therapeutic validity of EBV in the initial stage of PDVI.
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PMID:External banding valvuloplasty of the superficial femoral vein in the treatment of primary deep valvular incompetence. 782 97

On 7 July 1993, a 61 year-old female presented a seven-day history of double vision and retro-ocular pain. Neurological examination on admission demonstrated right oculomotor palsy and pain in the right frontal nerve. Routine CT scan and MRI disclosed no abnormalities. Her symptoms deteriorated progressively and increased in severity, resulting in complete ptosis and visual disturbance in the right eye, for which she was hospitalized. Angiography also failed to demonstrate any lesion. Herrical CT scan demonstrated a small mass lesion at the right orbital apex. A frontotemporal extradural approach operation was performed on July 6, 1993. The anterior clinoid process and minor wing of the sphenoid were drilled to expose the optic canal and the superior orbital fissure. When the periorbita just beside the optic sheath was opened, a large vein was observed to be impinging on the optic nerve and nerves which pass through the superior orbital fissure. This vein was carefully dissected, coagulated and removed. The postoperative course was uneventful. Her severe retro-ocular pain completely disappeared immediately after the operation. Although complete remission of ptosis and return of eye movements to normal were noted, her visual acuity is at present limited to hand movement. Orbital varix is a common cause of unilateral intermittent proptosis. However, there has been no report in the literature of orbital varix with orbital apex syndrome as the initial clinical appearance. In this type of patient with orbital varix and retrobulbar hemorrhage or impairment of intraorbital nerves, surgical intervention using a transcranial approach to the lesion should be undertaken.
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PMID:[Orbital varix presenting orbital apex syndrome]. 787 40

Haemorrhoids or piles are varicosities in the anal canal caused by local pressure. Sometimes they prolapse. Symptoms may include itching, discomfort, pain and bleeding. Haemorrhoids are common in pregnancy. Constipation aggravates piles, so a healthy diet with plenty of water and fibre is advisable. Some sufferers need an appropriate laxative as well. Cleanliness of the anal area is important. Proprietary moist toilet tissues are sold for this purpose and can be soothing and helpful. Relief of symptoms is by haemorrhoid creams, ointments and suppositories. Active ingredients typically include antiseptics, anti-inflammatories, anti-pruritics and local anaesthetics. Many are available from pharmacies without a prescription. If in doubt, always refer the patient to a doctor. For example, rectal bleeding may be due to some more serious condition, or pruritus to anal thrush. In the case of children the advice of a doctor should be sought.
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PMID:Remedies for common family ailments: 9. Haemorrhoids. 868 Feb 38

Our objective was to review current data pertaining to prenatal ultrasonographic morphology of the umbilical cord. To this goal we identified studies published in the English language regarding prenatal ultrasonographic morphology of this structure. The studies were obtained from a MEDLINE search from 1966 through May 1997; additional sources were identified through cross-referencing. All published reports, case studies, and articles regarding ultrasonographic morphology of the umbilical cord were reviewed. Data pertaining to Doppler flow velocimetry in association with umbilical cord structural anomalies and umbilical cord compression, were also included. Review of the literature supports that prenatal ultrasound may outline normal anatomy or alternatively depict various congenital abnormalities of the umbilical cord including: cysts; pseudocysts; umbilical vein varix; persistent right umbilical vein; hemangiomas; umbilical vessel aneurysm (arterial or venous); single, hypoplastic, or fused umbilical artery; hematomas (spontaneous or iatrogenic); velamentous insertion; and vasa previa. The umbilical cord coiling index, an additional ultrasonographic morphologic feature may identify patients at risk for adverse perinatal outcome. Conditions of potential fetal compromise due to umbilical cord compression including nuchal cords, true knots, occult prolapse, cord presentation, fetal grasping, and cord entanglement in monoamniotic twins, may be detected prenatally and impaired umbilical flow confirmed with Doppler flow velocimetry. Ultrasound has been widely applied to guide invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures involving access to umbilical circulation. In conclusion, precise prenatal ultrasonographic depiction of the morphology of the umbilical cord may enhance perinatal management.
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PMID:Prenatal ultrasonographic morphologic assessment of the umbilical cord: a review. Part I. 926 68

Ultrasonographic assessment, although not always possible throughout the entire length of the umbilical cord, may assist in the diagnosis of congenital and functional anomalies of this structure. In such fashion, prenatal ultrasound may outline normal anatomy or alternatively depict various congenital abnormalities of the umbilical cord including: cysts; pseudocysts umbilical vein varix; persistent right umbilical vein; angiomyxomas; aneurysm (arterial or venous); single, hypoplastic or fused umbilical artery; hematomas (spontaneous or iatrogenic); velamentous insertion; vasa previa. The umbilical cord coiling index, an additional ultrasonographic morphologic feature, may identify patients at risk for adverse perinatal outcome. Conditions of potential fetal compromise due to umbilical cord compression including nuchal cords, true knots, occult prolapse, cord presentation, fetal grasping, and cord entanglement in monoamniotic twins, may be detected prenatally; and impaired umbilical flow can be confirmed with Doppler flow velocimetry. Ultrasound has been widely used to guide invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures involving access to umbilical circulation. We conclude that the review of current literature supports that precise prenatal ultrasonographic depiction of the morphology of the umbilical cord may enhance perinatal management.
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PMID:Prenatal ultrasonographic morphologic assessment of the umbilical cord: a review. Part II. 926 69


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