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Query: UMLS:C0033377 (prolapse)
 11,717 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Abnormalities of the tubular reproductive tract are responsible for decreased fertility in the cow. Typically, these are related to congenital defects such as segmental aplasia or to acquired conditions resulting from infections or trauma caused during breeding or parturition. Infection of the tubular tract may result in vaginitis, cervicitis, metritis, endometritis, pyometra, or salpingitis. Trauma to the tract may result in urovagina, pneumovagina, or prolapse of the vagina or uterus. Retained placenta may result in metritis. Potentially, all of these conditions, unless properly treated, may result in reduced fertility or, in the extreme, sterility. Judicial and properly timed use of antibiotics and ecbolic agents should return the tract to proper function with little or no reduction in fertility. Some conditions, such as prolapse, retained placenta, and pneumovagina, may call for manual or surgical intervention for successful resolution.
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PMID:Abnormalities of the tubular genital organs. 834 74

Estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors were detected and quantified in female pelvic floor muscles, urogenital ligaments and in uterus (myometrium) by use of monoclonal antibody assay techniques. Qualitative assessment with immunohistochemical methods further localized the estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors to the nuclei of connective tissue cells and striated muscle cells in the levator ani muscle, and to the cell nuclei of smooth muscle cells in the round ligament. These findings fulfil a prerequisite for viewing the pelvic floor and the round ligament as target organs for estrogens. The results also contribute to the understanding of the etiological role the reduction in estrogen levels has on the increased incidence of prolapse and urinary incontinence after the menopause. For treatment of urogenital mucosal atrophy a new vaginal silicone ring releasing 5-10 micrograms estradiol/24 h for a minimum of 90 days has been developed. The efficacy, safety and acceptability of the ring were studied in 222 postmenopausal women with symptoms and signs of atrophic vaginal mucosa. The maturation of the vaginal epithelium, as measured by cytological parameters, was significantly improved during treatment. There were significant decreases in vaginal pH, and these changes correlated well with the cytological evaluation. No proliferation of the endometrium was encountered. The therapy had a significant effect on symptoms and on signs of atrophic vaginitis, with cure/improvement registered in > or = 90%. The patient acceptability was high. It is concluded that a vaginal silicone ring giving a continuous release of an ultra-low dose of estradiol is an effective and safe treatment for urogenital estrogen deficiency. No addition of progestogen is needed.
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PMID:Estrogens and the urogenital tract. Studies on steroid hormone receptors and a clinical study on a new estradiol-releasing vaginal ring. 839 9

Loss of pelvic support involving the 'middle compartment' is manifested by herniation through the central pelvic floor in proximity to the intersection of an imaginary line from the public symphysis to the coccyx with another from one ischial spine to opposite ischial spine. Loss of middle compartment support may exist in association with 'anterior compartment' defects, 'posterior compartment' defects, or both. The severity of middle compartment relaxation ranges from mild uterine descensus to total uterovaginal prolapse when the uterus is present. When the uterus has been removed, it may range from vaginal vault descent to total vaginal eversion and includes all grades of enterocele. Middle compartment defects are usually not isolated. The recent literature relevant to middle compartment defects consists primarily of additional reports on surgical management, including continued modification and evolution of surgical techniques. Larger surgical series with longer follow-up periods have been reported. Cadaveric and histologic studies have appeared which have added to the understanding of normal anatomy and the disruptions thereof, which can cause middle compartment defects. Sophisticated diagnostic imaging techniques have generated preliminary reports which are of interest.
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PMID:Pelvic relaxation involving the middle compartment. 840 40

Abdominal-retroperitoneal sacral genito-colpopexy using the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) soft tissue patch has been found to be highly effective for repair of genito-vaginal prolapse. We treated 61 patients in this way, including patients who had failed multiple previous attempts at repair. At a mean of 32 months of follow-up, more than 95% of patients were still classified as successfully treated. To preserve the uterus in cases of complete genito-vaginal prolapse, we have developed a new surgical technique, which we describe in this paper.
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PMID:Surgical support and suspension of genital prolapse, including preservation of the uterus, using the Gore-Tex soft tissue patch (a preliminary report). 840 41

The incidence of uterovaginal prolapse in young women is high in developing countries. Preservation of the uterus is of prime importance in the surgical management of these patients. A new technique of uterine suspension to the pectineal ligaments is presented as an alternative to traditional procedures. Through a Cherney incision, the uterus is suspended to the pectineal ligaments on both sides with mersilene tape. A simultaneous Burch colposuspension can be useful in selected cases. The operation has been done in 20 women, who averaged 27.5 years of age. There was no early or late morbidity during the follow-up period of 6-30 months. Of nine women desiring further childbearing, seven conceived within 6 months of surgery and thus far five have had an uneventful vaginal delivery at term; the other two have continuing normal gestations. There was no recurrence of prolapse at 6 weeks postpartum in any of the women.
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PMID:A new technique of uterine suspension to pectineal ligaments in the management of uterovaginal prolapse. 846 74

The clinical profile of a group of 208 women who presented with residual adnexal disease subsequent to hysterectomy was studied retrospectively; 121 patients had the uterus removed vaginally and 87 per abdomen. The majority of the patients had the hysterectomy at less than 40 years of age, with a mean and median age of 33 years, and more than 60% presented with adnexal symptoms and signs within 5 years of hysterectomy. A detailed analysis of the symptoms and signs and pathology of the removed uterus in both groups was similar although as expected there was an associated finding of prolapse in a significant number of those treated by vaginal hysterectomy. There were significant delays both in the definitive diagnosis of subsequent residual adnexal disease and definitive treatment. The pathological changes in the removed residual adnexa were varied, but with a high incidence of inflammatory changes involving both the tube and ovary. This was particularly evident in those patients in whom the uterus had been removed by the vaginal route, suggesting that this may be related to the usual fixation or approximation of the conserved tube to the vaginal vault at the time of vaginal hysterectomy.
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PMID:The residual adnexa syndrome. 849 45

The standard technique for total laparoscopic hysterectomy is characterised by two essential points. The first is that all instruments are reusable and the second is that hemostasis is ensured by bipolar coagulation. It is a safe technique with a cost comparable to that of vaginal or abdominal hysterectomies. The routine use of disposable material and automatic disposable staplers for laparoscopic hysterectomies is debatable, as the considerable increase in cost is not accompanied by benefit for the patient or the community. Although laparoscopic hysterectomy is a feasible technique, all hysterectomies should not be performed by this route. If the operation is feasible quickly and under good conditions via the vaginal route, laparoscopic surgery is not indicated. Laparoscopic surgery is only indicated when vaginal surgery is difficult and/or contra-indicated. The elective indications for total laparoscopic hysterectomy are severe adhesions, deep endometriosis and especially a limited vaginal accessibility associated with a narrow vagina and a fixed or non prolapsed uterus. While a average of three quarters of hysterectomies (excluding cases of uterogenital prolapse) are currently performed via a laparotomy, laparoscopic surgery can reduce this rate to approximately 10 to 20 per cent.
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PMID:[Total hysterectomy for benign pathologies. Conventional celiosurgical technique]. 855 73

According to whether uterine artery treatment takes place vaginally or laparoscopically, laparoscopy for hysterectomy can be considered according to two modalities: laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) and total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). The indications for laparoscopy are defined by the limits and/or contraindications of the vaginal route. LAVH is indicated in the following situations: pelvic pain syndrome where diagnosis and treatment can be made at the same time as hysterectomy; minimal endometriosis; past surgical history favouring adhesions formation; necessity to perform an oophorectomy; existence of an ovarian pathology. The elective indications for TLH are the severe pelvic adhesions, deep endometriosis and especially a limited vaginal accessibility associating with a narrow vagina and a fixed or non prolapsed uterus. Laparoscopy thus allows to reduce the number of laparotomies. When on overage three quarters of the hysterectomies (excluding cases of uterogenital prolapse) were up till now performed abdominally, laparoscopy could reduce this rate to approximately 10%.
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PMID:[Complete hysterectomy for benign pathology and laparoscopy: respective indications of laparoscopic preparation and an exclusively laparoscopic approach]. 855 73

Endopelvic fascia contributes to the support of the uterus and vagina. There is increasing evidence that alteration in the fascial extracellular matrix may lead to weakening of the fascia and development of prolapse. Other workers have identified discrete defects in endopelvic fascia that can be rectified to cure prolapse. This paper reviews fascial defects and their repair.
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PMID:Fascia--defects and repair. 894 36

A new technique was developed for treating patients with uterine prolapse and relaxation by means of laparoscopy with special tools. The assistant transposes the uterus with a special vaginal probe to remove the descensus. This position is fixed with the help of laparoscope, brought to the new position of the uterus. With laparoscopic lighting, this point is seen at the front abdominal wall. A cutaneous section (2-3 cm) up to the aponeurosis is made under this point. A puncture with a special needle with a hole for suture is made through the section and uterine fundus under laparoscopic control. The suture is taken from the needle by a forceps introduced through the operating laparoscope cannula. The needle then is removed from the abdomen and another puncture is made 1 to 1.5 cm from the first puncture under laparoscopic control (the laparoscope remains in the abdomen until the procedure is completed). The uterus is punctured with the empty needle 1 to 1.5 cm from the puncture and the suture is taken out. The suture left after the first puncture is pulled by the forceps, loaded into the empty needle, and led through the uterine fundus. Then the needle with the suture is placed in the incision in the abdomen wall. The uterus is pulled up to the required position with the two sutures under laparoscopic control and the suture is tied. The uterus is now fixed to the aponeurosis. The incision in the abdomen is sewed with one or two sutures or subcutaneously. The operation lasts 7 to 10 minutes. Since January 1994, 34 procedures were performed. Prolapse recurred in one woman. Patients with evident uterine prolapse and relaxation first underwent anterior and posterior colporrhaphy and then laparoscopic fixation of the uterus.
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PMID:Laparoscopic Treatment of Uterine Prolapse and Relaxation 907 46


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